A Biographical History of England: From Egbert the Great to the Revolution: Consisting of ...

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LIBRARIES

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BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY

OF

ENGLAND,

dFtom Kfibttt t^t tSittSLt to t^e lUboIution: '^

CONSISTING OF

CHARACTERS DISPOSED IN DIFFERENT CLASSES,

AND ADAPTED TO

A METHODICAL CATALOGUE OF ENGRAVED BRITISH HEADS:

INTENDED AS

AN ESSAY TOWARDS REDUCIMO OUR BIOGRAPHY TO SYSTEM, AND
A HELP TO THE KNOWLEDGE OF PORTRAITS :

INTBRSPEB8BD WITH

A VARIETY OF ANECDOTES,

AND

MEMOIRS OF A GREAT NUMBER OF PERSONS^

MOT TO BB FOUND IN ANT OTBBB BIOOBAFBICAL WOBB.

WITH A PREFACE,

SHEWING THE UTILITY OF A COLLECTION OF ENGRAVED PORTRAITS TO SUPPLY THB
DEFECT, AND ANSWER THE VARIOUS PURPOSES, OF MEDALS.

BY THE REV. J. GRANGER,

VICAR OF SHIPLAKE, IN OXFOI^DSHIRE.

Animom piotoriL pascit inani. — Virg.
Celebrare domestioa facta. — Hob.

FIFTH EDITION,

WITH UPWARDS OF FOUR HUNDRED ADDITIONAL LIVES,

IN SIX VOLUMES :

VOL. I.

LONDON:

PRINTED FOR WILLIAM BAYNES AND SON,

FATBRKOSTER ROW :

A V D SOLD BY W. CLARKE, NEW BOND STREET ; J. MAJOR, FLEET STREET ; J. AND J. ARCH,
^^ COKNHILL: J. I'ARKER, OXFORD: DEIGHTON AND SONS, CAMBRIDGE:

H.S. BAYNES AND CO. EDINBURGH; AND R. M. TIMS, DUBLIN.

1824.

r -".

Or

V. I

y

Printed by J. F* Dove, St. Joliu*t Square.

\ \

THE RIGHT HONOURABLE

i

c
t

GBORGE JOHN EARL SPENCER,

K. 6., &o, &e.

THE FIFTH EDITION

OP

GRANGER'S BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY

OP

ENGLAND

IS.

WITH PERHIS8I0K, HOST RESPECTFULLY DEDICATED

BY

lUS LORDSHIPS OBUGED HUMBLE SERVANTS,

THE PUBLISHERS.

palerfKMter Row,
Oct. f£0, 1893.

'

i

^ . i ■ .■

t<..:y \^^.-

^^ __ //^b

..<^ » ^^ .^ P ^ -L ^-

BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY

OP

ENGLAND,

FROM EGBERT THE GREAT TO THE REVOLUTION.

TO THE

HON. HORACE WALPOLE.

SIR,

' HAV£ DO intentioii in this dedication to commend your
^tmgs, which speak for themselves ; nor your virtues,
^otae .of wbicdb :are as well known as your literary accom-
^bneDts. I mean no more by it than an honest and un-
CEsgned tribute of gratitude and respect, without design and
"^thout flattery. My name and person are known to few,
^ I had the good fortune to retire early to independence,
obscurity, and content : my lot, indeed, is humble ; so are
Jny wishes. I write neither' for fame nor bread; but have
taken up the pen for the same reason that some of my bre-
thren have laid it down, that is, on)y to amuse myself. I
present you. Sir, with a numerous catalogue of the portraits
of our countrymen, many of whom have made a consider-
able figure in the world. To this 1 have added Sketches
of their characters. But I pretend to little more merit than
the keeper of a muster-roll, who is by no means entitled to
share the honours or rewards of brave and active soldiers,
only for writing down their names.

This singular book, which has been the employment of
niy leisure hours for several years of my life, will, doubt-
less, be numbered among my idlenesses, perhaps my weak-
nesses ; but, I hope, never amongst my sins. The per-
formance falls far short of my own expectation ; I wish.
Sir, it may, in any degree, answer yours. I was not suffi-
ciently informed of my ignorance when I undertook it:

Viii DEDICATION.

like one walking in a fog, I fancied I saw it at a
when I was sarrounded with it. The work, with all its de-
fects, has aflforded me much amusement, and not a litlb
laboar: the pleasure of writing resembles that oftravelr
ling ; many delightful scenes present themselves on the
road ; but there are also objects to create disgust, and it is
attended with languor and fatigue.

However well-meant my poor endeavours my be, I do
not expect to escape censure. To this I shall very patiently
submit. All the favour that I desire from the reader iH)
that he will judge with the same candour vrith which 1 have
written. I have attempted to act the part of an humble au-
thor; but have no kind of anxiety for fame. If I have an
ambition for any thing, it is to be an honest man; and a
good parish-priest; and in the next place, to have
honour to be esteemed.

Sir,
Your most obliged,

most grateful, and
most obedient humble Servant,

JAMES GRANGER.

PLAN OF THE CATALOGUE

or

WHICH ABB

FOLLOWED BY THBIR RESPBCTIVB CHARACTBRS.*

In the following Catalogue^ all portraits of sach persons
as flourished before the end of the reign of Henry the Se-
venth are thrown into one article. In the succeeding
reigns, they are arranged in the following order :

CLASS I. — Kings, Queens, Princes, Princesses, &c. of
the Royal Family.

CLASS II.— Great Officers of State, and of the House-
hold.

CLASS III. — Peers, ranked according to their prece-
dence, and such Commoners as have titles of Peerage ;
natnely, sons of Dukes> &c. and Irish Nobility.

CLASS IV.— Archbishops and Bishops, Dignitaries of
the Church, and inferior Clergymen. To this Class are
subjoined the Nonconforming Divines, and Priests of the
Church of Rome.

* The author, when he first entered upon this work, intended only to
compile a Methodical Catalogue of British Heads ; but he afterward ex-
pended his plan, and made it also a Biographical History.

CLASS V. — Commoners who have borae great employ-
ments; namely. Secretaries of State, Privy-connsellors,
Ambassadors^ and such Members of the Honse of Com-
mons as do not fall under other Classes.

V*

CLASS VI. — Men of the Robe ; including Chancellors,
Judges, and all Lawyers.

CLASS VII.— Men of the Sword ; all Officers of the
Army and Navy.

. CLASS VIII. — Sons of Peers without titles. Baronets,
Knights, ordinary Gentlemen, and those who hare enjoyed
inferior civil Employments.

CLASS IX. — Physicians, Poets, and otfier ingenioos
P^sons, who iiaye distinguished themselves by their
Writings.

CLASS X. — Painters, Artificers, Mechanics, and all of
inferior Professions, not included in the other Classes.

CLASS XI. — Ladies, and others, of the Female Sex,
according to their Rank, 8cc.

CLASS XII.— Persons of both Sexes, chiefly of the
lowest Order of the People, remarkable from only one cir-
cumstance in their Lives ; namely, such as lived to a great
Age, deformed Persons, Convicts, &c.

The following particulars have been observed :

1. To admit such foreigners as have been naturalised^ or
have enjoyed any place of dignity, or office, and also such
foreign artists as have met with employment under the
British government. *

* I look upon employment as a kind of naturalization of an artist.

2. To place the persons in that reign^ in which they were

at the highest pitch of honour or preferment^ if statesmen,

or peers; or in which they may be supposed to have been

in the full vigour of their understanding, if men of letters.

fiat if the painter or en^ftaver has given the date when a

portrait was taken, or the age of a person may with any

probability be concluded from the representation of him,

then to place it in that period' when it resembled him most.

3. If a person has been emipent in several reigns, or in
different characters or employments, to place the descrip-
tions of the prints of him in the several reigns and classes,
or to refer from one reign and class to another.*

4. To mention, after the English heads, at the end of

each reign, 1. Such foreign princes as were allied to the

royal family. 2. Foreign princes, and others, who have

been knights of the Garter. 3. Foreign princes, who have

visited this kingdom. 4. Ambassadors and envoys who

have resided here. 5. Foreigners who have been sojourners

at either of our universities. 6. Foreigners, who have been

fellows of the Royal Society. 7. Travellers of eminence

who have been in England. Lastly, Such as do not fall

under the above divisions.

It should here be observed, that the biographical part of
the work is generally confined to those persons of whom
there are engraved portraits ; and that this takes in almost
^U characters of distinction, especially from the reign of
Henry VIII. to the Revolution.

* It is ID conformity with this rule that references to different reigns
^^ classes are occasionally made in the course of the work.

PREFACE.

In every age and nation, distingoished for arts and learn-
ing, the inclination of transmitting the memory, and even
the features of illostribns persons to posterity, has uni-
formly prevailed. The greatest poets, orators, and histo-
rians, were contemporaries with the most celebrated
painters, statuaries, and engravers of gems and medals ;
and the desire to be acquainted with a man's aspect has
ever risen, in proportion to the known -excellence of his
character, and the admiration of his writings.* This in-
clination appears to have been no less prevalent in the
earlier ages of the world. The old Egyptians preserved a
mammy, for the same reason that the Greeks cut a statue,
or painted a portrait, though it could retain little more of
the human form than a skeleton.^

* Several persons wbo had read Jostas Lipsios*s works in Sarmatia,
made a voyage into the Low ConntrieSy on purpose to see him. It may
not be improper to otMcrve, that these persons were greatly disappointed,
when they saw, in that celebrated writer, a man of a very mean aspect.
Tide AuBERTUS MiR£US, in *' Vita Lipsii,'* p. 32.

t In the learned Coper's *' Lettres de Critiqae," &c. p. 363, in a Latin
epistle to Mons. te Clerc, is the following passage ; which intimates that
portrait painting Is of very remote antiquity. ** Versatnr mlhi subinde
ante ocnios," v. 14. eap. xiciii. Ezekielis propbetse; ** Cumque vidisset
tiros depictos In pariete, imagines Chalda;omm/* So;. *' uti vertit Hebrai-
ea verba vnlgatns interpres ; xal tXBev &vBpac l^^ry^^iy/Uvotic i^l rov roixov,
ikSvag XoX^oiwv, jnxta LXX interpretes. Et bine roihl dobiom ortam
an bae pictnrae ftierint in ipsis aedium parietibos, an vero in tabalis ex pa-
rictibns suspensis ? Quominus enim ta[>etia dcsignari, nt mibi eqnidem
^idetnr, possint, faciont colores, vet certe minium." A little below is this
question : ** An Cbaldseornm pictores Hierosolymam venerint, ibiqne ar-
tem suam exercuerint, an vero illi etiam sese dederint Judaei, postqiiam
praecipue Deo nuntinm remisemnt, et profana numina coliiernnt V

VOL. I. c

^iv PREFACE.

But no invention has better answered the end of perpe-
tuating the memory of illustrious men, than the modem art
of engraving, which I shall, without scruple, prefer to the
boasted art of the Egyptians ; and I would much rather be
possessed of a good collection of prints of my countrymen,
than a collection of their mummies, though I had a pyramid
for its repository.

This art, which had its origin in Italy,* was slow in its
progress into our part of the world ; and after it fixed here,
was long before it arrived at its present excellence : yet
some of its early productions have their merit, independent
of their antiquity ; and the passion for engraved portraits
seems to have been almost coeval with the art itself.f

But the greatest excellency of this art has frequently
brought it into contempt : I mean the multiplication of
copies; many of which have been neglected and destroyed,
merely because they were multiplied. The engravier is, in

* Some say in Germany, others, in Holland. See a curious account of
the origin of engraving in the preface to the ** Chronological Series of
Engravers ;' Cambridge, 1770.

t Sir Jolin Harington, in the advertisement to his translation of Ariosto,
published in 1591, tells us, *< that he never bat once saw pictures cut in
brass for any book except his own ; and that thai book was Mr« Brough-
ton's * Treatise on the Revelation/ 8vo., in which he says there are three
or four pretty pictures. That the other books which he had seen in this
realm, with pictures, were Livy, Gesner, Alciat's Emblems, and a book
de Spectris, in Latin ; and in our own tongue, the Chronicles, tbe Book
of Martyrs, the book of Hawking and Hunting^ and Mr. Whitney's Em-
blems ; yet all their figures were cut in wood." According to John Bag-
ford, in his Collections for a History of Printing, published in the " Philo-
sophical Transactions," 1707, the rolling-press was first brought into
England by John Speed, author of tlic Hii?tory of Great Britain, who first
procured one from Antwerp, in 1610; but it is certain, from what we are
told by Sir John Haringten, and other accounts,.^ that we wrought off
copper-plates from some engine or other, even before Justus Lipsias is.
said to have invented it.

X By George Turberville.

$ See Mr. Walpolc's ** Catalogue of Engravers."

PREFACE. XV

this respect^ the same to the painter, that the printer is to
the aothor. I wish I could carry on the parallel, and say
that the works of both come from the press with additional
beauty ; though it is saying a great deal, that the produc-
tions of some of our modern artists go near to rival the
pencil itself.

As to the utility of a collection of English portraits, it
may perhaps be sufficient to say, that Mr. Evelyn, Mr.
Ashmole, Mr. Samuel Pepys secretary to the admiralty,
Mr. Thoresby, and several gentlemen of distinguished parts
and learning, now living, have made considerable collec-
tions of this kind.* But I shall borrow the following
quotation from a late author,t who says that a collection
is useful : ^' Not so much for the bare entertainment and
curiosity that there is in such artful and beautiful imitations^
or the less solid intelligence of the different modes or ha-
bits, and fashions of the times, as the more important di-
rection and settlement of the ideas, upon the true form and
features of any worthy and famous persons represented :
and also the distinction of fainilies, and men of superioif
merit in them, by their arms and mottos, or emblematical
allusions to their actions, writings, &c. the inscriptions of
their titles of honour, preferments, and most signal services,
or other observables, with the chronological particulars
thereof : as of their birth, age, death, &c. and the short
characters or encomiums of them, often subjoined in verse
or prose ; besides the name of painter, designer, graver,
&c. and the dates also of their performance: whereby a
single print, when an artist is thoroughly apprehensive, or
well-radvised, in what he is about, and will embrace the ad-

• I was lately infbrmod that the king of France has a great number of
JBoglish portraits, ranged in ^nie sort of order, and that his collection id
continually increasing.

t Mr. Oldys, author of the Life of Hollar, in the " Biographia Bri-
taonica.''

XVi PRBPAGC.

vantages or opportdnities he may, to answer the expectan
lions of the curious in their various tastes and inquiries,
may become a rich and plenteous banquet, a full-spread
table of choice and useful communications, not only most
delightful to the eye, but most instructive to the mind." To
these observations I shall take the liberty to add, that in a
collection of this kind, the contents of many galleries are
reduced into the narrow compass of a few volumes ; and
the portraits of such as distinguished themselves for a long
succession of ages may be turned over in a few hours.*

Another advantage attending such an assemblage is, that
the methodical arrangement has a surprising effect upon
the memory. We see the. celebrated contemporaries of
every age almost at one view, and by casting the eye upon
those that sat at the helm of state, and the instruments of
great events, the mind is insensibly led to the history of
that period .t

There are also many curious particulars found in the in«-
scriptions of prints, not to be met with in any other records.

* Whatever was beauteous, and whate'er was great. — Pope.
t " A portrait is a sort of general history of the life of the person it re-
presenls, not only to him who is acquainted with it» but to many others,
who, upon occasion of seeing it, are frequently told of what is most mate-
rial concerning him, orliis general character at least: the face and figure
is also described, and as much of the character as appears by these, which
oftentimes is here seen in a very great degree. These, therefore, many
times answer the ends of historical pictures, and to relations or friends
give a pleasure greater than any other can.f' The same author says,
*' that in a good portrait we conceive a better opinion of the beauty, good
sense, breeding, and other good qualities of the person, than from seeing
themselves, and yet without being able to say in what particular it is un-
like ; for nature must be ever in vicw.$'* " Let a man," saith he, " read
a character in my Lord Clarendon (and certainly never was there a bet-
ter painter in that kind), he will find it improved by seeing a picture of.
the same person by Vandyck.||**

t Jonathan Richardson's Works, p. 179. § P. 247. 1 P. 6.

PRBFACS. Xvii

These, together ^itb the arms, mottos, and devices, convey
much the same kind of instruction as the reverses of me-
dals.* The relation that prints bear to paintings, from
which they are generally taken, is also a considerable help
in leading to the knowledge of them. The antiquaries at
Home have recoorae to ancient coins to prove the authen-
ticity of a statue ; and the collectors of portraits make the
same use of prints in authenticating a picture. A methodi-
cal collection of engraved heads will serve as a visible re-
presentation' of past events, become a kind of speaking
chronicle, and carry that sort of intelligence into civil story,
that in popish times was almost the sole support of reli-
gion ; with this difference, that instead of those lying le-
gends, and fabulous relations, which spread error and
superstition through the minds of men ; these, by short and
accurate inscriptions, may happily convey, and that in a
manner almost insensible, real and useful instruction. For
such a collection will delight the eye, recreate the mind,
impress the imsigination, fix the memory, and thereby yield
no small assistance to the judgment.

There is another great benefit that may be derived from
this, and which cannot be had, or at least cannot so well
and easily.be had, any other way. It will establish in the
mind of the attentive peruser that synchronism which is so
essential a part of the British history ; and in which, how-
ever, some, otherwise no contemptible writers, have egre-
gioasly failed. For by studying such a collection, together
with the following work, the personal history of the illus-
trious in every rank, and in every profession, will be re-
ferred to its proper place; and statesmen, heroes, patriots,

* See Spanhemius " DePraestantiaet Usu Nuniisinatum Antiquomm."
See also Mr. Addison's ** Dialogues upon the Usefulness of ancient Me-
dals," and Evelyn's ** Numismata,'' especially chai)ter VIII., in which
the author treats largely ** of beads and efSgicit in prints, and taille-douce,
and their use as they relate to medals/*

?tviii PRBFACB.

divines^ lawyers^ poets^ and celebrated artists^ will occapy
their respective stations, and be remembered in the several
periods in which they really flourished : a thing in itself of
very great consequence, and which once thoroughly at<
tained in this manner, more especially by yoong people,
will be recollected with great facility, and prove of won-
derful service in reading histories and memoirs.*

I may add to this a still more important circumstance^
which is the power that such a method will have in awaken-
ing genius.f For as Ulysses is said to have discovered
Achilles under the disguise of a female, by exhibiting amis
and implements of war; so the running over these portraits,
together with the short characters of the persons, will fre-
quently excite the latent seeds of a martial, philosophic,
poetic, or literary disposition. A skilful preceptor, when be
exhibits such a collection, and such a work as this to his '
pupil, as a mere amusement, will presently perceive the i
true bent of his temper, by his being strnck with a Blake ;
or a Boyle, a Hyde or a Milton. In persons of a warm \
and lively disposition it will appear at first sight ; in those i
of a sedate mind, more slowly, and perhaps not till after I

* Zacli. Conrad ab Ulfenbacli, wlio was deservedly called the Pciresc j
of Germany, in the year 1704, began with avidity to collect, and nictbo- \
dically to arrange, the prints of persons of eminence ; with which, as he i
aclsnowledgfd, he greatly refreshed his mind and memory after his se- j
T&rer studies. He was particularly cautions to procure genuine por- ]
traits, rejecting the ideal as toys and trifles fit only for the amusement o( 1
children. His friend, the excellent Schelhorn, who used to assist him in ■
his collections, tells us, that he retained his passion for this pursuit to the
time of his death. See this and more in Schelhorn*s tract ** De Stadid '
Uffcnbachii Bibliothecario,*' p. XLVI to Llll.

t *' Nam ssepe audivi, Q. Maximum. P. Scipionem, praeterea civitatis
nostrse prseclaros viros, solitos ita dicere: cum mnjorum imagines intnc-
rentur, vehementissime sibi animum ad virtutem accendi ; scilicet non
ceram illam neque tiguram tantam \im in sese habere ; sed menioria rc^
rum gestarum cam flammam egrcgiis viris in pectore crescere, neqne
prius scdari, quam virtus eornm famam atque gloriam adsequaverit/*^
" Sallust. Fraefat. ad BcUum Jugurth."

PRBFACE. XIJC

frequent perusal. But it may be safely asserted^ that if a
young person had real principles of action, and a character
impressed by nature, which is the only solid foundation of
a vigorous attachment to any science or profession, it is in
this way most likely to be found, and ought then to be
cultivated with the utmost care and attention; for the
efforts of nature will very rarely, if ever, deceive.

I have reason to hope, that when the great utility of such
jcoUections, and of this work, come to be thoroughly un-
derstood, it may incline gentlemen of learning, and who
have the necessary opportunities, to inquire after and
bring to light many portraits that have hitherto remained
in obscurity, and have served only as ornaments in private
families. It may be remarked, that in the uncastrated
edition of Holinshed's ** Chronicle,*'* there are large ac-
counts of some great families, and persons who have filled
important employments. In Weever's '* Funeral Monu-
ments/' there is a copious detail of the ancient family of
the Howards ; and in Dugdale's " History of Warwick-
shire," there is the like display of the families of Beau-
champ, from the famous manuscript history of John Rosse
the antiquary.

I may likewise indulge myself in the expectation, that
when it is seen how much light may be thrown on history
by the heads of royal, noble, and remarkable personages,
greater care will for the future be taken, especially as the
arts of engraving and mezzotinto are now arrived at such
perfection, in transmitting, with all possible care and ex-
actness, this kind of prints to posterity ; and that due at-
tention will be paid to propriety and correctness, more
especially in respect to dates, in all the inscriptions that

* 'I'he ancastrated Holinshed is extremely rare : one of the copies has
been known to sell for near 46/. v. ** Tbuenix BritanniciLs/' 4to. p. 558.

XX PRICFACE.

are placed under and over them : by fvhich means ^^ 1^^
material informations may be given^ the negle€t of ^^^\[ W
in earlier times, is justly regretted ; and many errors 0^ \^
mistakes prevented, which embarrass the historical i^
moirs of former ages.*

As collections of engraved portraits, however useful ill
tbcraselves, have lain under the same prejudices with
ancient coins, and have been generally esteemed as little
more than empty amusements; I have endeavoured, at
least, to point out a method to render them of real utility
to the curious, who, by forming a collection, may supplj
the defect of English medals.f Though nothing is more
useful, I have seldom, in repositories of prints, seen aay
thing like order: the poetaster frequently takes place of the
poet, and the pedapt of the man of genius ; John Ogilby is
exalted above Mr. Dryden, and Alexander Ross j: has (he
precedency of Sir Walter Raleigh, because engraved by a
better hand. The following catalogue, which is carried
down to the Revolution, is chiefly compiled from the vala-
able collections of the Honourable Horace Walpole, and
James West, Esq. ; § to whom, and to Sir William M«is*
grave, I acknowledge myself under a very great obliga^
tion, for their copious communications and ready assist-
ance in the course of this compilation. I am at a loss to

* See a very ingenious and apposite passage on the utility of poHraiti
of great men, in Ihe ** Melanges d'Histoirc at de Literature/' hy DoD<
Botiaveiiture d'Argogne, under the feigned name of De Yigneui Mar-
ville, torn. iii. edit. 4. Paris, 1725, p. 386.

t See Mr. Evelyn's ** Nuniismata,*' where he recommends such a col*
lection with that view. See also an account of the defect of English me*
dais in the " Guardian,'* No. 96. Dr. Swift, in order to supply this de-
fect, proposed to Lord Oxford, to coin halfpence and farthings with >a-
rions inscriptions and devices, aUuding to the most signal events in the
course of Queen Anne's reign.

I The continualor of Raleigh's History.

$ Dei eased since this preface was written.

PREFACE. XXI

express my gratitude to Sir William Masgrave^ who upon
every occasion assisted me with bis adir ice, supplied me
with books^ and favoured me with the use of two large vo-
lumes of English heads, collected by the late Mr. Thoresby
of Leeds, which are now in his possession; My thanks
are in a particular manner due to Mr. Walpole^ who, with
his own hand, did me the honour to add to the catalogue a
description of many heads not found in Mr. Wesfs collec-
tion.* My very grateful acknowledgments are due to the
Dotchess-dowager of Portland, for the sight of a fine col-
lection of heads at Bulstrode, and for other favours, con-
ferred in the most obliging manner, by her grace. I am
proud to own my obligations to so distinguished a writer as
Dr. Campbell, for several useful observations in this Pre-
face, and also for notices of various persons mentioned in
the ensuing work. I must also gratefully acknowledge,
that I have received the greatest assistance from a truly
worthy and judicious gentleman in the neighbourhood of
Reading, though I am not at liberty to mention his name.
But his extraordinary parts and extensive learning, espe-
cially in the history and antiquities of our own country,
have rendered him more known than his great modesty
ever inclined him to be ; as merit of every kind will sooner
or later discover itself. I can, with the utmost truth, apply
to him what Sir Richard Steele says of his excellent tutor,
Dr. Ellis; that ^' he is above the temptation of (what is al-
ways in his power) being famous."

I must here inform the reader, that the collection of Eng-
lish heads, in twenty4hree volumes folio, which was in the
possession of James West, esq., was of great use to me ;

* I muftt also acknowledge myself greatly indebted to Mr. Walpole, in
my accounts of Artists; and for the first hint of the plan of this work,
communicated to me by a gentleman who had seen the fine collection of
heads at Strawberry Hill. That this acknowledgment was not made be-
fore, is entirely owing to an oversight.

VOL. I. d

XXII PR£FACR.

as was also Mr. Joseph Ames's catalogue of about two
thousand heads, in ten volumes folio and quarto, collected
by the late Mr. Nickolls, F.B.S. I was assured, from
what I thought the most unquestionable authority^ that this
collection, whence Mr. Ames^ took his catalogue, was pur-
chased by Mr. West.* I have not followed the example
of Mr. Ames in describing the dress of each person ; but
have generally made some remarks on the dresses of the
times, at the end of the several reigns ; and to avoid swell-
ing the work to too great a bulk, I have retained only as
much of the inscription as was necessary to ascertain the
print, or inform the reader of any thing particularly me-
morable, in relation to the person. I have, for the direc-
tion of collectors, followed the example of Mr. Ashmole,
in referring to many of the books before which the heads
are to be found.f I have frequently described variety of
prints of the same person ; but as they were generally done
at different periods of his life, or by diflferent hands, there
needs no apology for inserting them ; and especially, as by
comparing the several portraits, the true likeness may with
more certainty be determined.

As the method of the catalogue is historical, there was
the le^s occasion for the Sketches^ or great Outlines,

* Dr. Ducarel did me the honour to in form me, in a letter, that on Iho
26th of December, 1771, he caUed on Dr. Fothergill ; and that, goin^
into his library, he did there see and handle Mr. Nickolls's original col-
lection of English heads ; and that Dr. JPothcrgill bought it of Mr.
Nickoiki's father, after his decease, for eighty guineas ; and, that they
have never been out of his possession, since he became master of them.
Were I to give the reader a detail of my authorities for Mr. West's being
the proprietor of this collection, it would be a singular instance of the
difficulty of finding Truth ; who sometimes lurks at the bottom of her
well, when she is, in appearance, before our eyes. I am now fully con^
vinced that Dr. Fothergill is the owner of the prints in qnestiou.

t He usually made memorandums under bis heads from what books
they were taken.

PRBPAGE. XXiii

6f personal history, and the brief anecdotes which I have
added. Bnt these I have stadied to make as concise as
pcMsaible: they sufficiently answer my purpose, if they give
die reader a general idea of the character of ^each person,
and afford a hint to some abler hand to reduce our biogra-
phy to system.

I did not think myself obliged to quote my authors upon
every occasion ; but hare always endeavoured to apply to
Bsch as are of the best authority, both for my collections
and anecdotes.

I have been also particularly careful with respect to
Sates, in which there are doubtless some seeming contra-
iictions, occasioned by the different customs among our
Dhronologists^ of beginning the year with the 1st of Janu-
Eiry, and the 25th of March. Hence it is not unusual
to find, that the same person died on the same day of the
month for two years successively.* I have added the
dates of engraving to some of Smith's beads, from an au'
Qientic manuscript, communicated by the late Mr. Mac
Ardell, and copied from a catalogue of Smith's hand-writ-
ing. — It will perhaps be objected, that I have given a
place to mean engravings, and prints of obscure persons :
but whoever studies for a useful collection should make it
numerous; if for an elegant one, he may select such as
please his eye, and arc conformable to his taste. Of many
persons there are none but meanly engraved heads ; but I
can easily imagine that the meanest that is described in the

• The following absurdities, among many others, were occasioned by
these different computations. In 1667, there were two Easters ; the first
on the 25th of April, and the second on the 22d of March following :
and there were three different denominations of the year of our Lord
affixed to tlirec State Papers, which were published in one week ;
namely, his Majesty's spccclj, dated IT32-3; the address of the House
'^l Lords, 1732; the address of the House of Commons, 1733.

XXIV PRBPACE.

following work may preserve the likeness, which is the es-
sence of a portrait, and might serve to ascertain a doubtful
picture.* And this is the more probable, as most of the
prints were engraved when the. persons represfented were
well known, and any one could judge of the resemblance.;

As to the obscurity of the persons, though there are a few
whose merit is derived merely from the painter or engra-
ver,t and some authors who have written volumes of inanity
that deserve to perish ; yet there are others, whose names
are now forgotten, who were justly celebrated in their
time : and one reason for making collections of this kind,
is to perpetuate the memory of such as have deserved well
of posterity, though their works have scarce reached it. It
is fortunate for these authors that there are such reposito-
ries, and that the epgraved plate, as well as the impressed
metal.

u

Faithful to its charge of fame>

Through climes and ages^ bears each form and name." — Pope.|

But how would it allay the thirst of fame in a writer, if ho
could foresee that the perpetuity which he promises his
productions will be limited to their frontispiece ; and that

* Mr, Walpole authenticated a portrait of Richard Cromwell, painted
by Cooper, from a head engraved by J. Gammon; who, says Yertne,
conid hardly be called an engraver, ro poor were his performances. See
the ** Catalogue of Engravers."

t Good heav'n! that sots and Icnaves should be so vain
To wish their vile resemblance may remain,
And stand recorded at their own request.
To future times, a libel or a jest.— Dryden.

The author is well assured that he shall be accused of vanity, and con-
sequently of folly, in prefixing his own portrait to this work. He has
nothing to allege in his excuse, but that it was originally placed there at
the repeated request of a person of distinction, to whom he had obliga-
tions. To look the world in the face without a blpsli was neither his vo-
luntary act, nor is it conformable to his characlcr.
I Verses occasioned by Mr. Addison's " Dialogues on Medals.''

PRBFAOB. XXT

a few days' work of an engraver will, in the next age, be
preferred to the labours of his life?*

But the engraved portrait of an author, whatever is the
fate of his works, might still remain an honorary memorial
of him. There is much the same kind of existence in the
shadow of a man's person, that there is in the sound of his
name, the utmost a posthumous fame can attain to ; an ex-
istence, which numbers have too eagerly sought for, with
infinite disquiet to themselves and the rest of mankind.f

As painters and engravers of portraits have met with en-
couragement in England, I flatter myself that this first at-
tempt towards a methodical catalogue of English heads
will meet with pardon, if not with approbation^ from the
curious ; which I am persuaded it would more easily do,
if the reader knew under what disadvantages the author,
who lives in the obscurity of the country, has laboured in
the course of the work.

* It appears from the 186th Epigram of the XIV. book of Martial,
where, speaking of Virgirs works, he says,

** Quam brevis immensnm cepit mcmbrana Maroncm!
Ipsius Tultas prima tabella gerit ;^

that it was a castom among the ancients for authors to prefix their pic-
tures to their works. This is mentioned in the '* Menagiana/' torn. i. p.
141, where there is still farther proof of the antiquity of this practice.

t At page 173 of Yincentii Paravicini '* Singnlaria de Yiris Eruditionc
Claris/' Centuriae tres, Basil. 1713, mention is made of several eminent
persons of the last age who would neither have their portraits painted nor
ongraved. Their number might easily be enlarged, by instances in pre-
ceding ages, lliere is great reason to believe that some of these persons
could, by no means, be persuaded to have their pictures drawn, lest
witches and sorcerers should make use of them for incantations. Others
ha?e declined it from pride, which frequently assumes the guise of mo-
desty. Mons. Dassier, the medallist, as well as De la Tour, the painter,
could not prevail on Baron Montesquieu to sit for his portrait, till tho
former, with an air of pleasantry, said to him, " Do not yon think that
lljcrc is as much pride in rciiising my request as there would appear in
granting it?*' Upon this he presently yielded.

XXVl PREFACE.

I dhall only add^ that the collector of prints might farther
improve himself in the knowledge of personal history from
engraved coins and medals.* In Speed's ^' Chronicle^ Are
medals of as many of the Roman emperors as had any
concern with Britain ; a considerable number of coins of
the Saxon, Danish^ and Anglo-Saxon kings ; and a com-
plete series of coins and seals from William the Conqaeror
to. James the Firsts cut in wood with great exactness, from
the originals in the Cotton Collection, by Christopher
Switzer. In the old and new editions of Camden's " Bri-
tannia/' are various coins from the same collection. Mr.
Evelyn has published a book of medals in folio ; Vertne
has engraved an elegant volume in quarto of the medals of
the famous Simon ; Dr. Ducarel has published a curious
book of coins of our ancient kings ; and Mr. Folkes a col-
lection from the Conquest, in sixty-one plates.f There are
also several plates in Dr. Hickes's *^ Thesaurus ;" a laiige
one in Mr. Thoresby's " Museum ;" and a great variety «f
medals struck in the reigns of William and Mary, Anne, and
Ceorge the First, engraved for the ''Continuation of Rapin's
History." Some of our English coins were engraved by
Francis Perry; and there are many engravings in Mr.
Snelling's " Treatises of the Gold, Silver, and Copper
Coinage of England."

Note, that the heads in each class of the first article are
placed according to the order of the reigns in which the
persons flourished. The prints described by large h. sh. i. e.
large half sheet, are such as are sometimes printed on paper
of the imperial size, or on an ordinary sheet. Such as are
distinguished by lUtist. Head, belong to the set of portraits

♦ Much may be learned also from tombs and cenotaphs,
t There arc some plates of coins in Martin Leake's " Historical Ac-
count of English Money," secontl edit. U-ib; 8vo.

PREFACE. XXVIl

engraved by Houbrakcn and Vcrtae. When the names of
Stents Cooper^ &c. are simply mentioned in the descrip-
tions of prints, they denote that these people sold, or
wrought them off at the rolling-press. Dates of promotions,
in the margin, relate precisely to the rank or office in which
the persons stand in their respective classes.

TO

tn^e fisumovp

OF THE

REVEREND JAMES GRANGER,

AUTHOR OF THIS WORK,

Who, on the Sunday after Easter (when the Sacrament
is administered in the Chnrch of Shiplake, in Oxfordshire,
of which he was Vicar, as well as on Easter-Snnday itself)^
was seized with an Apoplectic fit, while at the Communion-
table there, after having gone through the duties of the
Desk and Pulpit as usual ; and notwithstanding every me-
dical assistance, died early the next morning, April 15,
1776.

His death was similar to that of the Cardinal de Berulle.

More happy end what saint e'er knew !

To whom like mercy shewn !
His SaTioar*s death in rapturous view

And unperceived bis own. — Ann. Rbg.

BIOGRAPHICAL

HISTORY OF ENGLAND.

ARTICLE I.

FROM EGBERT TO HENRY VIII.

CLASS I.

KINGS, AND OTHERS, OF THE HOYAL FAMILIES

OF ENGLAND.

JCiGBERT, king of the West Saxons, first monarch Began
of all England ; a medallion^ from a silver coin ; Vertue Rdgns.
sculp, half sheet. Engraved for Rapm's " History J^
There is a set of heads by Vertue^ for the Svo. edition
of the same book.

The history of England, during the Heptarchy, is yerhaps the
least interesting, and the most barren of great events, of any history
of the like period in the annals of any nation. It is an almost un-
interrupted series of violence, \viEirs, and massacres, among petty
tyrants, mdst of whom were a disgrace to the human species^ Eg-
bert, who was bom with talents to conquer and to govem, reduced
the Heptarchy into one kingdom ; and defended his new conquest Anno 827.
with the same vigour as he acquired it. Ob, 838. * B«pm.

jELFREDUS magnus, &c. Vertue sc. half sheet, sri.
From an ancient picture at University College in Oxford;
also from an ancient stone head now in O.tford. At the

VOL. T. B

2 3I0ORAPDICAL HISTORY

Began bottom of the plate he is represented as a common mm-
Reign». stf el playing in the Danish camp.

The story of his going into the enemy's camp in this disguise is
extremely improbable ; as it is not mentioned by Asser bishop of
Sherborne, who was contemporary with Alfred, and the most au-
thentic writer of his life.* '

-^LFREDUS MAGNUS ; Vertite sc. Svo.

-^LFREDUS MAGNUS ; a Small head-piece, Vertue sc.

^LFREDUS MAGNUS; a Small tail-piccc, Vertue sc.

These three last were engraved for Asser*s " Life of King Al-
fred," published by Mr. Wise, 8vo. 1722.

Ali^redus Saxonumrex; Faberf. 1712, large Ato.
one of the set of Founders. 1i

A head of Alfred ; from a manuscript in the Bod-
leian Library. M. Burghers sc.

The title of Great, which has been' lavished on the destroyers
and plunderers of. mankind, was never more. deservedly given: than
to Alfred, who had in his character a happy mixture of every great
and good quality that could dignify or adorn a prince. Having
rescued his country from slavery, he enacted excellent laws, built a
fleet, restored learning, and laid the foundation of the English con-
stitution. Ob. 900, as Carte has sufficiently proved in his *' History
of England," vol. i. p. 316. The monument at DriffieFd in York-
shire, erected in memory of Alfred, a learned king of the North-
umbrians, who died in 704, has been mistaken for this king's, who
was buried at Winchester.

EDiGrAR REX ; J. Strut f del. et sculp, in Strut fs
'^ Regal Antiquities,'' plate I.

<< Edgar is here delineated as piously adoring our blessed Sa-
viour, who appears above, seated on a globe to shew his enrpire, and
jBupported by four angels, emblems of the four gospels : under his

* See what an ingenious writer has said upon this subject, in the " Reliques of
Ancient English Poetry," vol. i. p. 16.

t This set of prints, done in niezzoti n(o, by John Faber the elder, are in large 4to.
or small folio. They have been printed with the addition of borders, and sonic of
them have been Tetouched,'afid publbhed by Parker.

OF ENGLAND. 3

feet are two folding-doors, in his left hand he holds the book of B^ gan '
judgment which is to be opened at the last day, &c. Reigns.

*' This engraving is taken from a curious and ancient illumination
found in a book of grants, given by King Edgar himself to Winches-
ter Cathedral ; it is dated A. D. 966. See St rut t.

CANUTE the Danj: ; Vertue sc. h. sh. From a ^oi^.
silver coin^ folio and 8i;o,

Canute possessed himself of the kingdom after his countrymen had
struggled for itabovetwo hundred years. In thebeginning of hisreign
he struck terror into his subjects, by the many sacrifices he made to
his crown, and by the rigour of his administration. But when he
found himself in secure possession of the throne, he relaxed the
reins of government, and grew popular. In the latter part of his
life, to atone for his i^tiany acts of violence, he buik churches, en-
dowed monasteries, and imported relics ;* and had indeed a much
better title to saintship than many of those that disgrace the Roman
calendar. 06. 1036.

EDWARD the confessor; from his great seal.
Ob. 1066. R. Cooper sc.

Edward the confessor, with his Queen Edi-
THA, Earl Goodwin, &c. at a banquet^ in Strutfs '
'* Regal Antiquiti^''

Edward the confessor, in Strutfs *^ Dresses,''
plate 28.

Edward the confessor; drawn and engraved by
James Smith, from the altar window of Rumford Church,
h. sh* TJiis window is modern.

There is an ancient wooden print of him in Caxton s '^ Lives of
the Saints."

Edward the Confessor was more celebrated fpr his piety, jus- 1041.
tice, and humanity, tban his capacity for gqvernment. His denying
the rights pf the marriage-bed to his amiable Queen Editha, is ex- -
tolled by the monkish writers as a signal instance of heroic chas-

* He commissioned an agent at Rome to pnrchase St. Augustine's arm for one
handred talents of silver and one of gold ; a much greater sum than the finest statue
of antiquity would then have sold for.

4 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY

Began tity, and contributed to gain him the title of Saint and Coq&ssor.
fiidffiis. ^® ^^ the 'first that touched for the king's evil.* Ob. 5 Jan. 1066.
Canonized by Alexander the Third, 1165.

HAROLD, slain by an arroWy in Strutfs " Regal
Antiquities J'

Harold, a whole length; an outline only, from F.
Montfaucons *' Monumens de la Monarchie Fran^ise,'^
vol. i. p. 402. It is the first plate in Dr. DucareFs
** Anglo-Norman Antiquities^

1065. Harold, son of Earl Godwin by his second wife, the niece of Canute,
was for his virtues, as well as his great and amiable qualities, worthy
of the throne which he ascended upon the death of the Confessor/
his brother-in-law. The English were happy under his administra*
tion, during the reign of that bigoted and weak prince. He
greatly fell at the battle of Hastings, and with him the liberties of
his country, 14 Oct. 1066.

K. WILLIAM the conqueror; G. Vertue ^c. h.
sh. After three silver coins of him, and a small illumi-
nation in ** Domesday £ooAr."f

* Mr. Whiston inipates the cure of the evil to the prayer used at the time of
touching ; (James ▼. 14.) Mr. Carte to the royal touch ; and he endeavours to prov^e
the power of curing to be hereditary. See Whiston's " Life/' by himself, and
Carte's " History of England."

t The most authentic prints of our monarchs extant, are the large heads engraved
by Vertue ; who has also engraved the headsof the kings from the Conquest, in one
quarto plate; and another set, consisting of four plates in 8vo. for SaIn(ion*8 *' Chro-
nological Historian." In Kastell's Chronicle, entitled, " The Pastym'e of the Peo*
pie," are folio prints of the kings of England, from the Conqueror to Richard IIL
They are whole lengths, cut in wood, and have uncommon merit for that age.
Holland, who published the " Heroologia Anglica," has also published a volume of
heads of the kings, from the Conquest to the year 1618. These prints are the same
with those in Martin's *' Chronicle," except the title and head of Wifliaral. Hon-
dius has engraved many heads of our kin^s ; and Vandrehauc a set after Lutterel's
drawings. Vertue's large heads have been copied for a " History of England,"
published by Walker, under the name of James Robinson, Esq. It should be ob-
served, that Vandrebanc engraved, the prints of our kings and queens to Elizabeth ;
and that the series, done for Kennet's '* Complete History,", is continued to Aime
by other hands. Several of them, cut in wood, are in ** Grafton's Chronicle."
There is also a set in wood published by T. T. (Thomas Timmes); 1597, see. Ames's
** Hist, of Printing," p. 432.. The set of etchings, in Svo. whole lengths, from Wii-*
liam I. to Elizabeth, are for the most part ideal ; their arms are upon their shields.

OF ENGLAND. 6

William i. 8vo. G. Vertue sc. Begm

William i. aval. R. E. (Elstracke.) SSgn^

William the conqueror, duke of Normandy,
&c. R. Elstracke sc. Are to be sold by Compton Hoi-
hmd: scarce.

William the conqueror^ a whole length; for-
merly painted on a wall of the abbey of S^. Stephen, -at
Caefi, in Normandy. Copied from MontfaucorCs ** Mo--
mmens de la Monarchic Fran^ise,^ t. i. p. 55.* In
Dr. Ducarefs ^^Anglo-Gallic Coins,'' plate 6, No. 75.t
William the conqueror, attended by his guards,
and conferring a grant of lands on Alan, eafl of Bre-
tagne: a curious print, before ** Registrum Honoris de
Richmond,"* published from his " Domesday Book,'' by
Roger Gale, 1 722, fol.

These prints of William the Conqueror are very unlike eacb
other. Accuracy of drawing is not to be expected in an age, i«
which the generality of artists had not arrived at sufficient precision
to distinguish between a monkey and a man.

William, duke of Norcnandy, gained a complete victory over Ha- 1066.
rold at the battle of Hastings, in which above thirty thousand men
were slain. On the spot where this decisive battle was fought, he
erected an abbey of Benedictines, the remains of which lately be-
longed to the Lord Viscount Mpntacute of Cowdray, near Midhurst, Sometimes
in Sussex. ^ Upon his accession to the throne, he endeavoured to ^^*^
reconcile himself to a people, who could by no means be reconciled
to hinn, by the gentle methods of lenity and indulgence. But find-
ing the nation extremely averse from a foreign yoke, however easy,
he ruled with aU the rigour and jealousy of a conqueror. — Ob. 9 Sept.

~~—~^ - ■ '- - - - ■ !■■ ■■-■■■

Anolber tet» fmn thiB Conqaeror to Charles II. is in Matthew Stephenson's '* Floras
Brilannicas/' 1662, fol. A considerable number of these are done by Elstracke,
and some by Delaram : the plates are nearly of a quarto size. The best impressions
were poblished by Compton Holland, in a set entitled " Baziologia/' 1618. George
King has engraved folio prints of several of oor monarchs : many of their heads, are
in Gardiner's '* Hbtory of the Coal Trade at Newcastie."

* In this book are various monumental effigies of our ancient monarchs, some of
which are copied in Dr. Ducarel's " Anglo-Norman Antiquities."

i In the first letter of this book, is a good account of the writers on English coins.

1087.

6 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY

Be^D 1087. The survey taken in this reign of all the landg in England,*
^** called ** Domesday Book," is the most ancient record in the king-
dom, and is of singular use in regulating assessments, ascertaining
limits, &c,

WILLIAM il. R.E. (Elstracke.) Sold by Comptm
Holland, afterward used in Hay ward* s ^' Lives of William
J. il. and Henry /." 1613.

William ii. in Hume's " England,'' 8t;o. 1803.
C. Warren so.

William it. surnamed Rufus; Vertue sc. h. sk.
jPone after the two. silver coins assigned to him by the
Antiquaries.

9 Sept. William Rufus, who found the kingdom totally subdued to h\&
hands, ruled with more lenity than his father ; but he was in his na-
ture disposed to be equally violent and tyrannipal ; and his avarice, -J-
^hich seems to have been his predominant passion, prompted him
to be more rapacious. He bailt the city of Carlisle,^ the Tower of
London, Westminster Hall, and London Bridge.

HENRICUS I. REX ; Vertue sc. h. sh. From a sil^
v^r coin ; and partly from a broad seal of was, now ex-
tant.

Henry i. in Hume's ^'England," 8vo. J, Delatre sc.

Henry i. <§'c. R. E. Compton Holland.

Henry I. youngest son of William the Conqueror, gained the
crown by usurpation, and defended it with vigour and dexterity.

• The three northern counties- were not surveyed. — Lord HaUet.

t When I see imperial works, &c. executed by WiUiam Rufus, I doubt as to
Ihe charge of avarice : that he was tyrannical, I doubt not ; and it is plain enough,
that, like the late King of Prussia and the late Emperor Joseph, he could not conceal
his hatred and contempt of received opinions in religious matters. — Ibid,

William Rufus built so large a part of Carlisle,* that he has been considered as
the founder of that city, which is of greater antiquity. It was destroyed by the
Danes, and began to be rebuilt by William the Conqueror. Some of Rufus's build-
ings are remarkably magnificent

* Not ihe city, but the cattU, Vid, Chro. Sax» p. 198.— Lord Hailet.

OF ENGLAND. 7

His engaging person and address, hia courage, learning, and elo- Be^
qaence, have been much celebrated. The greatest blemish of his ^.^
reign was his putting out the eyes of his elder brother, and con- iioo.
fining him twenty -eight years in Cardiffe Castle, in Glamorganshire.*
In II 10, he began to restore learning in the university of Cambridge.
The first great council of the nation, by some called a parliament,
was assembled in this reign.f

MATILDA, QUEEN. J. Strutt sc. in StnUfs " Re-
gal Antiquities,'' plate 34.

V Matilda, first wife to King Henry the First, was daughter to
Malcolm, the third king of Scotland : her mother was Margaret,
daughter to Edward the son of Edmund Ironside, king of England.
She was married to the king, and crowned queen on St. Martin's
day A. D. 1100. She died 1118." See Strutt.

KING STEPHEN ; Vcrtue sc. h. sh. From a silver
coin. The head of the Empress Matilda ^ in the same plate,
is from a parchment roll in the HeraUTs Office.

Stephen, in Hume's ^^ England, 1803, Sto.'* J.Nea-
gle sc.

Stephen, a valiant prince. Campton Holland.

Stephen, earl of Bolc^ne and Mortaigne, upon the death of Henry Dec, t
I. seized the crown, which had been settled on the Empress Matilda, ^^^^
the sole descendant of that monarch, who came into En^and to as-
sert her i%fat. Hostilities presently commenced in erery quarter
of the kingdom, and were carried on with the highest animosity.

«. In the dioir of the cadbednl at Glooonter it a caoibent figwe of Robert CmtU
hose, croit4eggcd, n the poatnre of a knigbt-tenplar, cot in Irah oak. It h said
to be above sb baadtcd jean old ; bat the best Judges ^aatiqnitjeoadade» both
fimn the scnlptnie and pfcaervaiioo, that it is of a later dale. Ldand, in tfae loartli
Tolaae of bis ** hmtnrj,^ sajs, '^Tbeie b on bb lonUianiMage of wood paynted.
Made longe anee bb dca^." See a MOst satisCKtoiy acconnt of dbb c%y in
Sandfofd's ** GencalogM Hbtor^."

Tbeie b an cmct etdin^ of Ibe bend of Bobcrt, by Bxtberton^ done fnm a
dianring in tbe poaession of JoKpb Gniiton, E^. wfaieb vas lakes bj Vcrtnefros
the toad> at Ch mc ei l er ,

IxMd Ljttellon, in c^BCt, contndicu tbe storj of potting oet tbe ejes of Abneak
and nnfiDBtnHle prinee. See " Hbt. of Hen. IL"* roL i. p. 136, tbbd cdb.

t AyiiBiint Mil to itvas^bnt not Hkimiiin: anything like aMidem
In aMim PmHrmmi§, aars In^ripbnf, of m asicndity of tbe

8^ BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY

Be^ and with various raccess, to near the end of this reign. Daring this

^J* period, a spirit of independence prerailed among the barons,* who,

taking advantage of the weakness of the goTemment^ built a great

number of castles and fortresses, which were demolnhed by

Henry II.

HENRY II. Vertue sc. h. sh. From the effigy on
his monument at Fontevraud, in Anjou^ where he was
buried. Vertue took it from the engraving in Montfau-
cori^ ** Antiquities^^

Henry ii. in Hume's " England'' J. Neagk sc.

Henry ii. Compton Holland.

1154. Henry II. the first king of the house of Aijou, or Plantagenet,
was endowed with qualities which raised his character above any of
his predecessors. He, with a noble spirit, asserted the mdepend-
ency of his kingdom, in opposition to papal usurpation, annexed Ire-
land to the English crown, and obliged the King of Scotland to do
him homage.f His courage and conduct as a soldier, his wisdom
as a legislator, and his impartiality as a dispenser of justice, were>
like the rest of his accomplishments of body and mind, far above the
level of the princes of this age.

RICHARDUS I. G. Vertue sc. h. sh. From the
statue on his monument at Fontevraud.

Richard i. in Hume's " England," 8vo. C.Pye sc.

Richard i. in the " Royal and Noble Authors,*' by
Park, 1806. E. Bocqtcet sc.

Richard the right valiant prince, Compton
Holland.

• The nobility in general were anciently called barons. And they were so, and
they are so at this day ; duke, marquis, earl, viseount, lord, have different ranks among
themselves ; but, wiUi respect to the people, or the king, they are all banm. The
king's vassals, held to be of less eminence or opulence than the barons having a seat
in the upper house, appear not in person, but by proxy ; and they are huddled in
■with a multitude of vassals of the crown, such by taxation, not juritdiction. — Lard
Bailes,

t For the estates in England, which were possessed by that kingi Mx. Gianger
speaks ambiguously; I wish that all his countrymen had done so too: even my ho-
noured friend Lord Lyttelton sjieaks, with the vulgar, as to the homage of the king-
dom of Scotland. — Ibid,

?

OF ENGLAND. 9

The saint-errantry of Bichard, who sacrificed all other views to Bcpn
the glory of the crusade, was productive of much misery to himself ^j*^^
and his subjects ; and is an instance, among a thousand others, that July 6,
oifensive and enterprising valour may be a worse quality than cow- ^^^^'
srdice itself. He was but eight months in his kingdom during a
reign of ten years.

JOELAJVNES RBX ; Vertue sc. h. sh. From the effigy
(m his tomb at Worcester, which very nearly resembles
the broad seal of him.

Johannes rex, &c. &)ld by Peake.

John, in Humes " England,'' 8t;o. ' Trotter sc.

John, king of England, &c. Compton Holland.

This weak and infamous prince tamely suffered his foreign domi- April 6,
nions to be ravished from him by the King of France,* and even sur- ^^^^*
rendered his crown to the Pope's legate. Overawed by a confede-
racy of his barons, he signed and sealed the famous deed called
Magna Charta, in Run^ Mead, betwixt Windsor and Staines. His 1215.
whole administration was without vigour, and yet arbitrary and ty-
rannical ; which rendered him, at.the same time» the object of hatred
and contempt. The story of his being poisoned at Swinshead Ab-
bey, in Lincolnshire, rests on no good foundation.f

HENRICUS III. Vertue sc. h. sh. From his mo-
nument at Westminster.

Henry hi. and Queen Eleanor, in one plate; pre-
fixed to Mr. Walpole's ** Anecdotes of Painting."* It
was taken from a window in the church of Boxhill, in
Sussex. The original is now at Strawberry Hill.X

* Rather ** taw them ravished i" no exertion of his could have protected them.-^
LordHnnlM.

t Jnlj "iff 1797, while the cathedral church of Worcester was under a general
repair, the shrine of this monarch being opened, the remains appeared entire,
his robes undecayed, excepting the colour, which was undiscemible ; the figure mea-
sured fire feet fire inches; the stone coffin lay even with the surface of th^ church*
&e thB account by Mr. Valentine 'Green.

t The use of painted glass in our churches is thought to have commenced aiwut
this era. See an ingenious pamphlet, intitled " Ornaments of Chuiches considered,"
p. 94.

VOL. I. C

10 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY

2« Henry ni. in Hume's " England,"' 8vo. J.M.Jk^
»ifiit. latre sc.

Henry hi. R. Elstracke sc. Compton Holland.

u 19, Henry III. though a better man, can scarcely be said to hivt
^^* been a better politician than his father. He wanted that dignit}
and firmness of. character which is necessary to procure respect and
maintain authority. His haughty barons, at the head of whom wtf .
the Earl of Leicester, taking advantage of the errors of his gofen-
ment, and the imbecility of his nature, made large advances towardi
independency ; and, for a time, deprived him of his throne. The
civil broils of this reign, however calamitous, were productive of a '
spirit of liberty, which diffused itself through the whole body of the
people. The first approach towards the present method of assem-
bling parliaments was at this period, which was the era of the arts
in England."^ A great part of the present structure of Westmioster ,
Abbey was built by this king.

Eleanor, queen of Henry III. was second daughter to Raymond, ^
earl of Provence. The marriage and coronation of this princos -.
were celebrated with, such pomp and festivity as had never .been
seen in England before on the like occasion. The most memora-
ble circumstance in her life, is her raising a very powerful army in
France, to rescue the king her husband, who was detained in cus-
tody by the Earl of Leicester. This formidable army, which tllrea^
ened the liberty of the kingdom, was prevented from landing by
contrary winds.

EDWARD I. Verttce sc. h. sh. From the remains
of an ancient statue, over the gate of Caernarvon Cdstk.
He is represented in the ornaments, sitting as umpire &•
tween Baliol and Bruce.

Edward i. in Hume's " England,'' 8vo. Milton sc.

The noble and victorious Prince Edward.
( Elstracke.)

16, Edward I. completed the conquest of Wales, and ordered all their
bards to be put to death, f He afterward conquered Scotland, re-

♦ See *« Anecdotes of Painting."

t That Edward I. ordered all the Welsh barda to be put to death is, I suspect, not ,
tme in any sense but this, that aU the Welsh bards were engaged in what he consi*

OF ENGLAND. 11

ceivedl a formal rosigqation of the crown from the haads <)£ John Bem
Baiioiy and brought from thence the stone which was regarded as ^^q.
the palladium of that kingdom. His character as a legislator was ^^
such, that it gained him the appellation of the English Ju8tinian>
His ambition ever prompted him to great designs, which his per-
sonal courage and vigour of mind enabled him to execute.

There is a print of Llewylyn ap Griffith, the last Prince of Wales
of British blood, engraved for ^^ A true (though a short) Account
of the ancient Britons, &c. by J. L. a Cambro-BritOD," Lond. 1716.
4to. but there is no reason to believe that this is a real portrait.

EDVARDUS 11. Vertue sc. h. s7i. From his tomb
at Gloucester.

Edvardus secundus,.&c. Coll. Orielemis Fundr.
1324. J. Faber /.large 4to. mezz.

Edwakd II. in Hume's " England^'' 1803, Sw. C.
Armstrong sc.

Ed^ward II. " Royal and Noble AtUhors,^' by Park,
1806. Bocqtiet sc.

Edward ii. in the " Oaford Almanack,'' 1746.

Edward ii. (Elstracke.) Compton Hollatid.

This may be called the reign of favourites, of an imperious and July 7,
intriguing queen, and a factious nobility, rather than of the pageant ^^^'
who sat on the throne, whose weakness and misconduct soon preci-
pitated the kingdom into all those disorders which are the natural
effects of an unsettled constitution under a feeble administration.

During this confusion, the royal favourites, Gaveston and the two
Spencers, were sacrificed to the jealous rage of the rebellious ba-
rons ; and, in conclusion, the wretched king was dethroned and fell
a victim to the criminal passion of Isabel his queen, and Mortimer
her gallant.

deied to be rebellion. I take some merit to myself as haying been the first historian
who attempted to speak fairly of Edward I. and to develope his character ! My sub-
ject did not lead into many particulars which belong to English history. — Lord
HaUes.

* *<The English Justinian*' ic an ambiguous commendation. The emperor of
(bat name was extremely versatile in bis measures : thus affording evidence but too
apparent of a weak sovereign, or of a servile administration. Wise politicians never
make any important changes in jurisprudence, without sufficient and obvious reason.

12 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY

Baim EDWARD III. Vertue sc. h. sh. From an ancient
R^^ painting in Windsor Castle.

Edward hi. R. White sc. engraved for Brady's
'* History of England.'' The two first Edwards were
engraved by White, for the same book.

Edwardus III. Sapientia fortem, h. sh.

Edwardus hi. Sceptre and globe, hat buttoned with
a diamond, Svo.

Edwardus hi. copied from the next above, fol.

Edwardus hi. whole length, completely armed; en-
graved for Barnes's '^ History of Edward the Third.''
This was evidently done from the old portrait of this kmg
at St. James's.

Edward hi. in Hume's " England," 1803, Svo.
Anker Smith.

Edward hi. in the/^ Oaf ord Almanack, 1761."
Edward hi. R. E. sculp. Compton Holland.

Jan. 25, Edward the Third raised his own and the national character to a
1327. greater height than any of our English monarcbs had done before or
have done aiter him. His valour, conduct, and fortune, are ecjually
the objects of our admiration : but he acquired more solid glory by
his domestic government than by all the splendour of his victories*
His ambition seems to have been rather to humble than to crush his
enemies ; and he was satisfied with the arms and title of the King of
France, and a small part of his territories, when it was in his power
to have made himself master of that kingdom.

He gained the victory at Cressy, Aug. 26, 1346, and instituted
the order of the garter* April 23, 1349. Woorbegan to be ma-

* In Rastell's <* Chronicle/' 1. vi. under the life of Edward III. is the following
curious passage. " About the 19 yere of this kinge, he made a solenpne feest at
Wjndesore, and a great justes and tumement, where he devysed> and {>«rfjted
aubstanegally, the order of the knyghtes of the garter ; howe be it some afferme that
this order began fyrst by Kyng Rychard, Cure de Lyon, at the sege of the citye of
Acres ; wher, in his great necessy te, there were but t6 knyghtes that fynnely and
surely abode by the kinge ; where he caused all them to were thongci of blew )ey«
ther about theyr legges. And afterwarde they were called the knygbtea of tbo blew
thonge." I am obliged for this passage to John Fenoi Esq. a curioas and ingenious

OF ENGLAND. 13

hnfiKtored here by Uie Flemiiigt in thif reign ; and gold was said to Bepa
be first coined.* The largest silver coins were groats and half- ^^L^
groats.

PHILIPPA R£GiNA ; Murray p. Faber f. whole
kngth, h. sh. mezzo. This print was engraved from a
fainting at Queens CoUege, in Oxford. The face was
taken from an ancient stone head ofPhilippa, which was
ooer the hack gate of that college next to Edmund Hall.

Philippa, qu££9 of Edward III. from her monu-
viental effigy; a singularly-curious costume of the head-
dress of the time. R. Cooper sc.

Fhilippai qneen of Edward III. was a daughter of the Count of
Bidnanlt. While die king her husband was in France, the northern
comities were invaded by David, king of Scotland, at the head of
above BRj thousand men. This heroic princess assembled an army
of about twelve thousand, of which she appointed the Lord Percy
general ; and not only ventured to approach the enemy, but rode
through the raidos of the soldiers ; exhorting every man to do his
duty; and would not retire from the field, till the armies were on the
point of engaging. In this memorable battle, the King of Scots Oct. w
was taken prisoner. The story of the condemned citizens of Calais, ^^^^
said to have been saved at the intercession of Philippa, is of very
doubtful authority.

EDWARD, prince of Wales and Aquitaine, (first)
dnke of Cornwall ; Vertue sc. h. sh. From the numu-
mental effigy on his tomb at Canterbury. He is repre-
sented, in the ornaments beneath the head, as presenting
John, king of France, and David, king of Scots, to his
father.

geoUenian of East Dereham, in Norfolk, who is in possession of the most rare book
whence it is taken. Hence some affirm, that the origin of the garter is to be dated
from Richard I.t and that it owes its pomp and splendour to Edward III.
• There has been a gold coin of Henry III. lately discovered.

t Winstanley, in hit ** Life of Edward III.** says, that the original book of the in-
Uituti&n deduces the intention from King Richard I,

14 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY

»^n Edwardus, cognom. Niger Princeps; efigravd \
luigns. for Barnes's " History.** Done from the ancient for- \

trait at St. James's.

Edwardus Princeps "Walliae; Elstracke sc. matt

4to. This has been copied by Vertue, far the octavo

edition of Rapin ; and by another handy for Barneit

*' History:'

Edward^ prince de Galles, holding a lancey a Jim
on his breast. From a painting on glass, in the priory
church of Bouteville ; h. sh.

Edward the Black Prince; agedA% 1376, wkk
lengthy in armour ; Overton. There is a whole TengHk
of him in armour, holding a spear, in Sir Richard J?i*-
shows '^Lusiad:'*

Ed WA RD, Prince, in Fuller's " Holy State;* by W.
Marshall.

Edward the most renowned Prince. R. Elstrack
sc. Compton Holland.

** Mr. Onslow, the late Speaker, had a headf of the Black Prince,
which, there is great reason to believe, was painted at.the time. It
is not very ill done : it represents him in black armour, emboBsel
with gold, and with a golden lion on his breast. He. has a hat on,
with a white feather, and a large ruby, exactly in the shape of th^
rough ruby still in the crown. He appears lean and pal§, as he was
towards the end of his life. This very curious picture came'out of
Betchworth Castle, in Surry," ** Anecd. of Painting,'* vol. u p. 2ft
2d edit. — This is engraved in the ** Antiquarian Repertory," bj
R. Godfrey. • '

* How his print shoald get there is very extraordinary ; it is called Prince Hemj
of Portugal, and is accompanied with the arms of Portugal, encircled indeed "M
the garter, and other circumstances belonging to the country of that prince; bottliep
he has the George and garter on, which Prince Henry had no right to. X sappoM
the plate was engraven for some history of the Black Prince ; and the igpiooat
printer, wanting a portrait of his Portuguese hero, finding this ready for his pQrpoie»
adopted it for his book, without attending to those marks which made it so unfit (i>
be introduced into that place. — Bindley,
It is still in the family.

OF ENGLAND. 15

. The Black PruiGe» with an army of twelve thousand men, en- Began
bilged the French anny near Poictiers^ which consisted of above ^'
9Bs^:f Aousandy whom he entirely defeated, and took John, the king
of France, prisoner. In this battle he displayed all the military ta-
lents of a consummate general ; and in his behaviour afler it, all that
moderation and hupoanity, especially towards the royal .captive, of
which none but great minds are capable ; and which did him more
bonour than his victory. Oh. 8 June, 1376. Mtat. 46.

Joan, princess of Wales, in StnUt's " Regal
Antiquities^ plate 35.

This plate represents Joan, countess of Kent, who became the
wife of Edward the Black Prince, in the year 1361. She was the
daughter of Edmund, earl of Kent, brother by the father's side to
King Edward the Second, and had been twice married before; first,
to the valiant Earl of Salisbury, from whom she was divorced ; and
afterward to the Lord Thomas Holland. She died 1386. See Strutt.

JOHN of Gaunt, king of Castile and Leon, duke
of Lancaster ; • Vertue sc. -h. sh. Painted on glass, in
an ancient window belonging to the library of All Souls
Coll. Oxon. The Bible on the left alludes to his pro-
moting Wicliffis doctrine.*

Johannes Gandavensis ; sold by Roger Daniel^
^to.

9

John of Gaunt, &c. in an erminedrobe; small.
John of Gaunt, in Harding s Shakspeare. R.
Clamp.

There is a very ancient painting of him at Badminton, in Glou-
cestershire, the seat of the Duke of Beaufort.

John of Gaunt, or Ghent, so called from the place of his birth, '
was the third son of Edward the Third. He enjoyed only the
empty title of king of Castile, from his marriage with Constance,
second daughter of Peter the Cruel.f . Though he was not in-
vested with the power, he had in reality the authority, of a regent

* I cannot imagine that the book, called here the Bible, had any allusion to the
£ivouT shewn to the .WiclifBtes : such circumstances could not find a place in church
windows. — Lord Hailes.

t She was a natural daughter of that prince, by Mary do Padilla^ liis mistress.

16 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY

Bepan of the kingdom^ during the minority of Richard the Seoond. The
Reieiif. ^Aug^^c^ ^^ t^ prince rendered him very uniKq[>idar. Ob. 3.
Feb. 1S99.

RICHARD IL at his devotion. He is represented as
youngs and kneeling by his three patron saints, John the
Baptist, King Edmund, and Edward the Confessor.
His robe is adorned with white harts and broom<ods,
alluding to his mother's arms and his own name of Plan-
tagenista. In the other part of the picture, which con-
sists of two tables, is the Vifgin Mary surrounded with
angels, to whom the king addresses his devotions. On two
brass plates affixed to the original picture, which isintki
collection of the Earl of Pembroke, is engraved the fid-
lowing inscription :

*' The invention of painting in oil, 1410/'

The picture was painted in 1377. It was in the royd
collection, but was given by James the Second to Lord
Castlemain. The print was engraved by Hollar, m
1639; h.sh.

RicHARDUs II. Grisoni delin. Vertue sc. 1718,
whole length, sh. Engraved from a drawing in the est
lection of Mr. Talman the architect, which was taken be-
fore the ancient picture, in the choir of St. Peter*s, West-
minster, was painted upon.

RiCHARDus II. from the satne original as thejbre-
going ; Vertue sc. h. sh. In the scroll is represented hit
resignation of his crown.

Richard ii. engraved by R, White, for Brad^'^
" History of England,'" fol.

Richard ii. Grisom delin. in Harding sShakspean*
W. N. Gardiner sc. ^

Richard ii. from the original in the Jerusa^
Chamber. J. T. Smith sc. 1791.

OF ENGLAND. 17

Richard xi. in Hume' s^^ England'' C. Armstrong sc. »*««

Richard ii. in " Royal and Noble Authors^' by ^^
Park. Bacqtcet sc.

Richard ii. R. E. sc. Compton Holland.

There are several curious historical portraits of Richard II. &c.
inStrutt'8 ** Regal Antiquities."

Richard the Second, a prince of a mean genius, was neither be- June 21',
loved nor revered by his people. The contempt for his person na- ^^^^'
turally extended itself to his government, and subjected him to the
tyranny of his nobility. His impatience of this subjection impelled
him to several acts of violence, from which his nature seems to have
been averse. His uncle, the duke of Gloucester, was assassinated
by his orders; and he unjustly detained the estate of Henry duke
of Lancaster, by whose procurement he was dethroned and mur-
dered. The authors who lived nearest to his own time inform us
that he was starved to death.

Anne of Bohemia, queen to Richard ii. Tfie
coronation, in Strut fs ^^ Regal Antiquities " p. xviii.

There is a fine monumental effigy of her, with Richard II. on his
tomb, in Westminster Abbey.

Anne, daughter of the Emperor Charles lY. and sister of Wen-
ceslaus, king of Bohemia, and the queen of King Richard the Se-
cond, died at Sheene, in Surrey, 1395.

HENRICUS IV. Vertue sc. h. sh. From the an-
dent portraits of him at Kensington,* and at Hampton
Court in Herefordshire.

Henry iv. in Hume's " England'' Delatre sc.

Henry iv. in Harding's Shakspeare. C. Knight sc.

Henry iv. Compton Holland.

* The set of kings at Kensington, .\irhence Vertue, for want of better, took several
heads, were all painted by one hand, and are certainly not original. There is another
set still worse, in tiie same place. One of the sets, probably the better, came from
Lord Comwallis's gallery, at Culford, in Suffolk, and were begged of hiro by Queen
Caroline, There is another set at Hardwick, and others elsewhere, equally unauthen-
tic 1 owe this note and other additions and corrections to Mr. Horace Walpole. '

VOL. I. D

18 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY

"Be^ Several prints of him when Duke of Lancaster, are in Stnitt'i

11^,, ^' Regal Antiquities/*

Sept. Henry, W of John of Gaunt, duke of Lancaster, obtained the

1399 crown by usurpation, and held it by the sword ; a tenure which gave
him perpetual disquietude, and afterward opened such a scene of
blood and cruelty as is hardly to be paralleled in any history; and it
was not closed, till the two houses of York and Lancaster were nnited
in the person of Henry the Seventh. The act for burning heretics
was passed in this reign, end one of the Lollards was burnt.

HENRICUS V. Vertue sc. h. sh. From an ancient
picture in the palace at Kensington. At the bottom is a
representation of his marriage.

Henry v. Elstracke sc. Ato.

Henry v. Sold by Roger Daniel^ in Lombard-stred^
Ato. The family of Henry the Fifths from a curious
ancient picture in the collection of James West, Esq. is
in the ** Anecdotes of Painting.'' It was engraved by
Grignion.

Henry v. on his Throne. On his right hand are
two ecclesiastics. He who is on the fore-ground^ has
been conjectured to be the famous Cardinal Lewis de Lua>
embourgy chancellor of France^ afterward bishop of Te-
rouennCy and archbishop of Rouetiy and perpettuil admi-
nistrator of the diocess of Ely. On the other side of the
king is a courtier holding a mace of office. It has also
been conjectured^ that he may represent the Duke of Ejy-
eter, third son of John of Gaunt, who signalized his va-
lour at the battle of Azincourt, and on other occasions.
The person presenting a book to the King, is John Ga-
lopes y dean of the collegiate church of St. Louis , of Sal-
soye, in Normandy. He was translator of Cardinal Bo-
naventure's ** Life of Christy' which he presented to
Henry y in a manuscript finely illuminated. The prints
which is an outline only, is etched with great eractness
by the Rev. Mr. Michael Tyson, of BmeH Colkge, in

OF ENGLAND. 19

Cambridge, from an illumination done in Henry's time, Benn
md belonging to the manuscript which is in the library Reigns.
tifthat college, ^his has far greater merit than thege- .
wttalitjf of illuminated portraits, which are altogether
\deal, and drawn with little skill or truth. I have ea*-
tiyu^ed this description of the etching from an account of
the illuminated manuscript, written by Mr. Tyson, and
f^rinted in a single sheet. The print and this sheet were
mtendedfor companions.*

Henrt v. in Hum£s ^* England.'' Neagle sc.
Henry v. in Harding^s Shakspeare. J. Parker sc.
Henry v. &c. R. E. sculpsit. Compton Holland.

The glory that Henry acquired by his yietory in the plains of March :
Aancourt, was equal to that which Edward the Third and his son ^^^^
gained in the fields of Cressy and Poictiers ; as his situation, valour,
oonducty and fortune, were much the same. He afterward entered
ato a treaty with the Kiug of France, married Catharine de Valois
his only daughter, and was declared regent and heir-apparent to
that kingdom.

'^ This monarch was so averse to luxury, that he prohibited the .
use of featherbeds ; and, to prevent the English courage from de-
generating, designed to follow the method of Lycurgus ; being de-
termined, when he should ascend the throne of France, to plough up
an the vineyards.** — Anstis's "Regist. of the Garter," vol. ii. 320.
The English were remarkably abstemious in this age, and long after ;
Peacham (Gentleman, p. 1945.) says, that 'within these fifty or
Bixty years, it was a rare thing with us in England to see a drunken
man/ our nation carrying the name of the most sober and temperate
of any other in the world. But since we had to do in the quarrel
of the Netherlands, about the time of Sir J. Norris first being there,
die custom of drinking and pledging healths was brought over into
England.

* This acoooDt of the manoscript was lately reprinted in the second volume of the
" Archaeologia" of the Society of Antiquaries, where the print is to be seen com-
pletely etched. A print from the same original is in Stnitt's " Regal and Ecclesi-
astical Antiquities of England;" a curious work, in which are portraits of our English
noaaichs, from Edward tlie Confessor to Henry VIII. besides other portraits of
persons of eminence.

20 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY

^?" CATHARINE, queen of Henet v. There isa
R^i'ipif. portrait of her, in the family of Henry, in the first vo-
lume of the " Anecdotes of Painting f but there i»
little or no reason to believe it authentic: itnaj»
however, serve as a memorial.

Catharine, queen of Henry v. in Har&i^
Shakspeare. S. Harding sc.

Catharine was daughter of Charles VI. of FVance, and Isabeltii
queen. Henry, when he first saw her, at the treaty of Mdan, f*
instantly struck with her beauty. It is probable that she was broo^
thither to captivate the conqueror of her father's kingdom. Ttii
princess, who, after the death of Henry, was regarded as dowagei
of England and France, did not disdain to mix the rose and lily oi
these kingdoms with the Welsh leek, by descending to a marriagf
with Owen Tudor, a gentleman of a fine person and address, whon
she fell in love with at Windsor, where he attended the court*

Edward, prince of Wales, son to Henry VI
from a drawing in the British Museum. S. Harding sc
in Harding's Shakspeare.

Edward, prince of Wales, with Lady Anni
AND Richard hi. &c. in Strutt's ** Regal Antiqui-
ties/" plate xlviii.

* III the annotations subjoined to Drayton's epistle from Owen Tador to Quceo
Catharine, is the following passage : " Owen Tudor, being a courtly and active gen-
tleman, commanded once to dance before the queene, in a tnme (not being able to
recover hiroselfe), fell into her lap, as she sat upon a little stoole, with many of ber
ladies about her/'t

Sir John Wynne tells us, that " Queen Catharine, being a French woman home,
knew no difference between the English and Welsh nation; until, her marriage being
published, Owen Tudor's kindred and countrey were objected to disgrace bim, a>
roost vile and barbarous, which made her desirous to see some of his kinsmeo.
Whereupon he brought to her presence, John ap Meredith, and Howell ap liew-
elyn ap HowcII, his neare cosens, men of goodly stature and personage, but wholely
destitute of bringing up and nurture ; for when the Queen had spoken to them in di*
verse languages, and they were not able to answer her, she said they were the good-
liest dumbe creatures that ever she saw." — ** Hist, of the Gwedir Family," p. 69.

t The gentlemen sat on high chairs, the ladies before them on low itoo/s:— -t^
fashion, so unlike modei'n manners, continued througlwut the reign of James L—hff^
Hailes,

OF ENGLAND. 21

"^ • Edward, prince of Wales, was the only child of King Henry and Be^
^ Vueen Margaret, and had an hereditary interest in the quarrel of his ^/
r ^Wn house with that of York. After the battle of Hexham, he fled '

^^hk hh unfortunate mother into a forest ; where, after being plun-
dered, and observing another robber approach her with his naked
^word, she courageously advanced to meet him, and, presenting the
Jroung prince, said, ** Here, my friend, I commit to your care the
' Safety of yonr king's son." The trust was duly honoured by the
man, who afforded the royal fugitives every assistance in his power.
Prince Edward afterward married Lady Anne, daughter of the
Earl of Warwick. He was murdered at Tewkesbury, Anno 1471,
in tiie 18th year of his age.

HENRY VI. Vertue sc.h. sh. Painted on boards
in the palace of Kensington. His character is alltided
to in the ornaments.

H£NRicu8 VI. &c. Coll. Regalis Cantab. A". 1441.
Fundr. Faberf. large 4 to. mezz. — : — In the '* Anecdotes
of Painting,'' is a print of his marriage, engraved from
an ancient picture at Strawberry Hill. In the Hone
Btatte Maria Virginis totius anni secundum Novem Sa-
rum. Paris, per Fr. Regnault, 1535, is a prayer to
Saint Henry (Henry VI.) together with his portrait.

Henry vi. whole length. F. Bartolozzi sc.

Henry vi. whole length, painted on glass, in King's
College, Cambridge. Bretherton sc.

Henry vi. in Harding's Shakspeare. W. N.
Gardiner sc.

Henry vi. with a view of Kings College, in Wilsons
"Cambridge;' Svo. E. Harding, 1801.

Henry vi. in Hume's *' England;' 1803, Svo.
Rhodes sc.

Henry vi. in ** Royal and Noble Authors,'' by
Park. Bocquet sc.

Henry vi. &c. R* E. sculpsit. Compton Holland.

22 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY

-j^T— Henrt VI. kneeling, holding a chalice. T. Cook sc.
Reignt. prefixed to the Paston^ Letters^ 4to.

A monk's cowl would have fitted this prince's head much better
than a crown. He was a king only in name ; and may be si^d to
have reigned under his queen, a woman of a martial spirit. He lost
his father's acquisitions in France ; a great part of which, to the r^
proach of the English, was retaken by an army headed by a womnn,
sprung from the dregs of the people. In the civil war between the
Yorkists and Lancastrians in this reign, the greater part of the no-
bility fell in the field, or by the hand of the executioner ; and the
throne itself was at length overturned by the prevailing faction.
The king is said to have been murdered by Richard, duke of Glou-
cester.

MARGARET, queen of Henrt vi. m Harding^s

Shakspeare. N. Scheneker sc.

Margareta, Hen. vi. uxor, &c. Coll. Regime
Cantab. Fundx. 1446. Faber f. large Ato. The por-
trait is in the refectory of that college.

Margaret, queen of Hen. vi. holding a croum in
one hand, and a truncheon in the other, 4to.

Margaret, with a view of Queen's College, in Wil-
son' s^^ Cambridge.''' E. Harding, 1801.

It is to be questioned, whether either of these portraits of Marga-
ret be of any authority. There is a figure of her in Montfaucon's
'< Monumens de la Monarchic Fran^oise." This perhaps, with som^,
may be still questionable ; but it is natural for antiquaries to consi-
der every thing as authentic, which is of undoubted antiquity.

The heroic, but unfortunate Margaret, was ever vigilant and
active, while the king her husband slumbered upon the throne. She
knew how to act the part of a general as well as that of a queen ;
and deserved to wear the crown which was wrested from her.

JOHN, duke of Bedford, regent of France ; Vertu^
sc. h. sh. From a curious limning, in a rich MS.
** Common- Prayer Book,'' presented by himself to King
Henry the Sixth, in the possession of the Dutchess
Dmvager of Portland.

OF ENGLAND. 23,

JoHir, DUKE OF Bedford, in Harding's Skaks- JSS^
peare. S. Harding sc. Reign*.

The Duke of Bedford, who was regent of France in the minority
of ^enry VI. was one of the most valiant and accomplished princes
of his age. He was second brother to Henry V. and nearly resem.
bled that hero in^every thing but his good fortune ; which was forced
to yield to that of Joan of Arc, an enthusiastic visionary, who caused
the English to raise the siege of Orleans, and soon after to eva-
cuate their conquests in France. 06. 34 Sept. 1435.

HUMPHREDUS, dux Glocestriae, in fenestra ec
clesiae de Greenwich, in Agro Gantiano ; a head-piece
in the catalogue of the Bodleian Library y over the letter K.

HuMPHKEY, duke of Gloucester. W. N. Gardiner
sc. from the original at Strawberry Hill for Harding s
Shakspeare.

HuMpHRiBT, duke of Gloucester. Gerimia sc. in
''Noble Authors;' by Park, 1806.

HuMPHEEY, duke of Gloucester, in the " Oxford
Almanack^' 1742.

Humphrey, duke of Gloucester, commonly called the Good, was
youngest brother to Henry V. and the first founder of the university
library in Oxford, which was pillaged of the greatest part of its
books, in the reign of Edward VI. Grafton has recorded a remark-
able instance of his sagacity.* A fellow, who affirmed that he was
bom blind, pretended to have received his sight at St. Alban's
shrine. The duke had the curiosity to examme him ; and asked of
what colour his gown was, and the colours of several other things in
the room. He told him the several colours without a moment's hesita*
tion; and the duke, with as little hesitation, ordered him to be set in
the stocks as an impostor. This prince's vault, in which his body
was preserved in a kind of pickle, was discovered at St. Alban's in
the year 1703. Ob. IWJ.

Edmond of Langley, duke of York. R. Clamp
sc. from a limning in the British Museum^ in Harding s
Shakspeare.

♦ Vol. u. p. 598.

24 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY

Began Edmond Plantagenet (surnained De Langley, from the place of
Reiens. ^'^ birth) was the fifth son of King Edward III. who« by his &ther,
was first created Earl of Cambridge in the thirty-sixth year of his
reign ; and afterward by his nephew, Richard II. duke of York.
He was a person of much valour and conduct in the field, and of
great honour in the cabinet. He endeavoured strenuously to sap-
port King Richard against Henry of Lancaster. When Henry ob-
tained the throne, he retired from the court, and died at his manor
of Langley, where he was interred, 1402.

RiCHAHD Plantagejj^et, dukc of York. E. Hard-
ing sc. in the south window of Penrith Church, Cumber-
land.

Richard succeeded his uncle Edward as duke of York; and, having
been restored to his paternal honours by King Henry VI. (forfeited
by his father's treason) soon became one of the most powerful subjects
of the day, in estate, dignities, descent, and alliance; and, supported
by the family of the Nevils (having married the daughter of Ralph,
earl of Westmorland, grand-*daughter of John of Gaunt), and other
great nobles, boldly urged his pretensions to the crown, which he
was on the point of obtaining, when death put an end to his ambi-
tious career at the battle of Wakefield, 1460.

JAQUELINE, duchess de Gloucester; a small
head.

Jacob A, Hertogen van Bayeren, &c. Jacob Folk-
ema sc. 1735, h. sh. AJine head; andit has for its com-
panion, Frank Van Boiselem, her fourth husband.

There are several other prints of her ; but that fine ancient one,
afler John Van Eyck, the inventor of painting in oil, is too consi-
derable to be unnoticed. It is a large h. sh. without the name of the
engraver.

Jaqueline, who was daughter and heir of William VI. of Bavaria,
earl of Hainault, was first married to John of France, dauphin of
Vienna, son of Charles VI. ; next to John, duke of Brabant, cousiQ-
german to Philip the Good, duke of Burgundy. As she lived in no
harmony with her second husband, she suffered herself to be carried
into England, under a pretence of force; where she was soon mar-
ried to Humphrey, duke of Gloucester. This marriage embroiled

OB ENGLAND. 25

the duke with Phflip, who intended, if pbflsible, to prevent her from Benii
having any children. At length the Pope interposed in the quarrel, ^^^^L^
and annulled the marriage. The duke soon afler married Eleanor
Cobham. The good duke of Bargnndy suffered Jaqueline to enjoy
her fourth husband in peace, after he had forced her to resign her
dominions to him.

CiciLT Nevil, dutchess of York, E. Harding sc.
1792, from the south mndow of Penrith Church, Cum-
berland.

Cidly, daughter of Ralph Nevil, earl of Westmorland, and grand-
daughter of John of Gaunt, duke of Lancaster, married Richard
Plantagenet, the third duke of York, and was the mother of King
Edward IV., King Richard III., and George duke of Clarence.

EDWARD IV. a woodeti print, cut in the rtipi of
Queen Elizabeth.

Edwardus IV. Elstracke sc. Ato.

. Edwardus iv. without his name, engraved by R.
White, for Rymer^s " Feeder a ^^ It was placed in that
book before the reign of Henry V. but is undoubtedly a
'profile from the whole length of Edward IV. painted by
Van Belcamp, which is now over the chimney in one of
the apartments at St. Jameses.

Edward iv. Vertue sc. h. sh. From an ancient
fainting at Kensington Palace. At the bottom is reprc*
sented his magnificent interview with the King of Fnmce,
on the bridge of Pequigny, over the Soame.

Edward iv. in Harding's Shakspeare. Parker

sc.

Edward iv. in Hume's ''England,'^ 8vo. W. Brom^
hi sc.

Edward iv. in Rymer's '' Fosdera,'' R. White sc.

In Habington's "History of Edward IV." folio, London, 1640,
is a portrait of that king in a small escutcheon. At the left baud

VOL. I. K

26 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY

corner, is a dore sitting on a padlock, with this motto, Hic Hac
Hoc Taccatis.*

In a north window of Canterbury Cathedral, as you ascend the
steps into the choir, are portraits of Edward IV. his queen, Edward
his son, afterwards Edward V. and Richard, duke of Glocester,
painted on glass, with their names under them.
• Edward IV. of the house of York, opened his way to the crown
with the sword. There is a great contrast in the character of this
prince ; who, in the former part of his reign, was as remarkable for'
his activity and enterprise, as he was in the latter for his indolence, and
his love of pleasure and dissipation. His heart was hardened against
every movement of compassion, but extremely susceptible of the pas-
sion of love. His unrelenting cruelty toward the Lancastrians was
scarcely exceeded by that of Sylla the dictator, towards the Marian
faction. . .

ELISABETHA, Edvardi IV, uxor, CoU. Regintp,
Cantab. Fund', altera, A. D. 1465. J. Faberf. large
4to.

Elizabeth (Woodville,) in a curious dress. Fa-
cius so. 1803.

Elizabeth, queen of Edward iv. in Harding's
Shakspeare. Gardiner sc.

Elizabeth was daughter of Sir Richard Widville, by Jaqueline of
Luxemburg, dutchess of Bedford, and widow of Sir John Grey of
Groby, who was killed fighting for the house of Lancaster. As her
husband's estatie was forfeited to the crown, she first appeared before
the king as a suppliant, with all the attractives that beauty, height-
ened by distress, could give her ;t and soon found her way to his
heart, and to the throne.

GEORGE, duke of Clarence, brother to King Ed-
ward IV. Clamp sc. in Harding's Shakspeare.

* The intention of the motto and device, as belonging to a royal portrait, maj be
interpreted thus : Hic, &c. may each man, each woman, and each thing, keep the kbilft
tecrets. The padfock is no uncommon emblem of secrecy ; and the dove, being abiid
which never repeats any note but it» own, is perhaps equally symbolical of fideli^
as well as innocence; and shews the guilt of disclpsing the arcana of state.

t — r- ^Lacrymseque decone,

Gratior et pnlchro veniens in corpo e virtus. Virg.

OF ENGLAND. 27

Qeovlge, duke of Clarence, in LordOrforcTs Works, ^"^

AlO. Reigns.

George, a younger son of Richard, duke of York, and brother
to King Edward IV. married Isabel, eldest daughter of Richard
Nevil, eari of Warwick and Salisbury ; with whom he joined in con-
federacy agabst his brolher. He was attainted of high treason, and
suffened death by being drowned in a buU of Malmsey wine, 1478.

EDWARD V. Vertue sc. h. sh. From a limning-
in a manuscript, now in the library at Lambeth.

EbwARB V. prefixed to his " Life'' ( W. Hollar.)

Edward V. in Harding's Shakspeare. S. Hard-
ing sc.

Edward v. in Hum^s *' England," 8w. Delatresc.

Edward v. Compton Holland.

His cruel uncle, the Duke of Gloucester, after propagating a re- April 9,
port of his illegitimacy, is said to have caused hinx and his brother ^^^
the Duke of York to be murdered in the Tower, in the eleventh
year of his age. See the article of Richard III. See also ^* His-
toric Doubts," &c. by Mr. Horace Walpole.

RICHARD III. Hollar/. 8vo.

Richard hi. Vertue sc. h. sh. From an ancient
original painting on board at Kensington Palace. At the
bottom is a dragon overcoming a boar. The device of
Richard the Third was a boar ; and that of Henry the
Seventh was a dragon, which was the ensign of Cadwal-
lader, from whom Henry was supposed to be descended.

Richard hi. and Anne his queen ; an outline.
Vertue delin. Grignion sc. h. sh. Before Mr. WaU
pole's *' Historic Doubts,'' Sgc. Ato.

Richard hi. prefixed to his " Life'* by Buck. T.
Cross sculp. 4to.

Richard hi. when duke of Gloucester, whole
length, in Harding's Shakspeare.

1483.

28 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY

^ip" Richard hi. holding a broken scq)tre, sold by Conf-
Reigns, ton Holland.

Richard hi. in Hume*s '^England,"" 6w. 1803. TT.
Bromley sc.

June 29, Richard III. if we may depend apon the generality of our hiito*
rians, seems to have been influenced by that capital manm of pefiii-
cious policy, not to be wicked by halves ; as he is said to have beea
restrained by no principle of justice or humanity in obtaining Ae
crown, and to have endeavoured to muntain it by fraud and vio«
lence. George Buck,* who affirms, that be was neither deformed
in mind nor body, was thought to have discovered as mudi confi-
dence, and as little truth, in that assertion, as Richard himself didin.
asserting his title. He had undoubtedly talents for government, and
affected popularity ; which occasioned the saying concerning him,
That he was a bad man, but a good king.f

Anne, queen of Richard iiz. in Hardif^'s
Shakspeare. E. Harding, Jun. sc.

Anne, with Richard the Third, in Walpole*s
^' Historic Doubts.*^

Anne, in StrtUfs " Regal Antiquities,^ p. xlviii.

Anne Neville, queen of Richard Ill.t was widow of Prince Ed*

* See hu life of Richard UL in Kennet's " Complete Hlttoiy."
t Mr. WaJpole, who is well known to have itnick new light into some of the
darkest passages of English hbtorj, has bronght yarions presumptive proofs, uo-
knowQ to Buck, that Richard was neither that deformed person, nor that monster of
cmeltjr and impietjr, which has been represented by our historians. . But it most ,
be acknowledged, that though this gentleman has done much towards clearing op
the character of Richard, he has left the matter still pibbleq^tical. His ail-
ments to prove that Perkin Warbeck was the real duke of York appear more con-
clusive. I am assured bjr a good hand, that the Lord-treasurer Oxford* who read
as much of our history, and with as much judgment, as any man of hu time, was
entirely of that opiuion.

% The Croyland Chronicle, a contemporary history, gives a curious account of Ri-
chard duke of Gloucester's marriage with Anne Neville, daughter and coheiress of
Richard earl of Warwick, and the betrothed wife of Edward prince of Wales, son
of Henry VI. — Clarence, who had married the eldest sister, Vas unwilling, to share
the rich inheritance of the JVIontacutes, the Beauchamps, and the Le Despencera,
with bis brother, and concealed the young lady. Gloucester, however, was too vi-
gilant for him, and discovered the Lady Anne, in tiie dress of.a cook-piaid, in Iion-
don, whence he removed her to the sanctuary of St. Martin. The brothers pleaded

\

<>F EKffiLAND. 29

ward, wh6 was kSled at Tewksbuiy by Richard, to whom i^e was Be^an
soon after inarried. Such a marriage as this, unnatural as it may j^q,.
seeop, is not much to be wondered at in a barbarous age, when mas-
sacres and murders were so familiar as to have lost their usual hor-
ror. Richard's treiitment of her is said to have been such as a wo-
man may be supposed to have merited, who married the murderer
of her husband. It is also recorded^ that that treatment was so jn-
tQleralile as to have quickly hastened her death. The admirable
scene in Shakspeare, between Richard and Anne, is, or ought to be,
wiell known to every one of my readers.

HENRY VII. Payne sc. Cor regis inscrutabUe.

Henry vii. with his Queen, Elizabeth of York,
who is in Utile ; Vertue sc. h. sh. From an original^ in
oil colours^ in the royal collection.

HfilrttY VII. three Latin lines prefixed to his " His-
tory in Yerse^ by Charles Akyne^ 1638. small %oo.
W. Marshall sc.

Henry vii. when earl of Richmond; in Harding's
Shakspeare. Parker sc. 1790, after J. Mabuse.

Henry vii. in the print of his marriage. Grigmon
sc. after Mabuse.

Henry vii. inLarrey. G. Vakksc.

Henry vii. and Elizabeth his queen, small ovals:
no name of engraver.

Henry VII. the most mighty and prudent prince,
Henry the Seventh. Compton Holland.

IJenry VII. and Elizabeth his queen; together
with Henry Vlll. and Jane Seymour his queen.

their cause in person before the elder brother in council ; and every man/ says the
author, admired the strength of their arguments. The king soon composed their
difierencesy ^stowin^ the maiden on Gloucester, and dividing the estate between
himself and Clarence. Hie Countess of Warwick, mother of the heiressesi who had
brought that vast wealth to the house of Neville, was the only sufferer, being re-
duced to a state of absolute necessity.

30 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY

^^ Standing in a roam rich^ adorned. Done by Vc
Rdgni. from the copy after Holbein^ by Van Leempui^ w tk]

lace at Kensington. The original was consumed in

fire which burnt Whitehall in 1697, large sh.

and the other family and historical pieces by VertuCt

among the best of his works.

1485. Henry the Seventh, of the race of Tudor, or Theodore,, not <
put an end to the civil wars between the two contending hoorfl
York and Lancaster ; but, by humbling the powerful and
barons, opened the way to peace and liberty. As all hb
especially in the latter part of his life, centred in avarice, Ik'
too selfish to study the interest, or gain the esteem, of his
The good that he did, appears to have been done for his
sake.*

Elizabeth, queen of Henry VII. One of^

heads of illtcstrious persons. '\'

Elizabeth of York, queen of Henry VII. i
Harding^ s Shakspeare. A. Birrelh 1790.

Elizabeth of York, queen of Henry VII. J
Houbraken. Birch's " Lives of Illustriotcs Persons^ fy

Elizabeth of York, &c. W. T. Fry sc. 18K
'from the original in the collection of the Right Honota
able the Earl of Essex ^ in Mr. Lodges ** Illustrious P(n
traits.''

Elizabeth of York, the amiable queen of Henry the Seventh, 1
whose marriage the two houses of York and Lancaster were unitei
was a pattern of conjugal duty and obsequiousness ; but met iril
very cold returns of afiection from the king, whose malignity to A
house of York, and jealousy of its title to the crown, extended itte
even to his queen. Ob, 11 Feb. 1503.

Three children of King Henrt VII. and Eliza

* Mr. Astle in Uie pre&ce to his will, published in 1775, speaks of this pnM
mixed character, '* which seems to have deserved neither all the censure nor all t
commendation it has received."

t The set consists of 108 large folio prints, which are finely executed.

OF ENGLAND. 31

BETH his queen, I. Prince Arthur. 2. Prince ^^
Henry. 3. Princess Margaret. J. Mauheugimf. cir. ReigM*
1496. Vertue. sc. large ^h.

The origmal picture is now in the China closet at
Windsor.

Arthar, prince of Wales, eldest son of Henry the Seventh, was
married to Catharine of Arragon, 14 Nov. 1501. Ob, 2 April,
1502. JEtat. 16.

Prince Henry, when he was only three years and four months
eld, which was not long before this portrait was painted, passed
through the streets of London and Westminster, sitting on- horse-
back^ and making one of the cavalcade which attended Sir Richard
Chawry the lord-mayor, at the entrance on his office, 1494?.*

See a short account of the Princess Margaret, afterward queen
of Scotland, under the reign of Hen. VIIL

MARGARET A, mater Hen. VIL Com. Richmond
died et DerbuB ; Fund". Colleg. Christ. Anno Domini,
1505. Faberf. large 4to. mezz.

Margareta, &c. Fund*. Coll. Divi Johannis Can-
tab. Anno Domini 1508. mezz.

Margaret, countess of Richmond and Darbt/ey and
John, duke (earl) of Somerset, anno 1400; two small
ovals f in one plate.

Margaret, with view of St. John^s College^ in Wil-
son s Cambridge. E. Harding y 1801.
Margaret, in Harding's ^* British Cabinet''

Margaret of Lancaster, mother of Henry VII.
JR. Cooper sc. 1816, from the original in the collection
of the Right Honourable the Earl of Derby. In Mr.
Lodge's " Illustrious Portraits."

Margaret was daughter and heir of John Beaufort, duke of So-
merset, who was grandson of John of Gaunt Her principal bene;
fisKrtions, next to those above mentioned, are the two perpetual lec-

• Hairs " Chronicle," vol. i. p. 236, 237.

32 BIOGRAPHICAL HI3T0RY

Bagtn tures of divinity whidr she founded at Oxford and Cam|l>ridge, vi^
j^JL^ the grammar school at Winbume, in Dorsetshire. After sbe
married her third husband, the Earl of Derby, she engaged
in a vow of celibacy; which is the reason, as Mr. Baker
tures,* of her being painted in the habit of a nun. She
much higher upon the list of benefactors, than upon that of autbni^
See '^ Cat. of Royal and Noble Authors ;" or Greorge Ballarfi

** Memoirs of Learned Ladies.** There is a portrait of heril

Hatfield House.

KINGS, &c. of SCOTLAND.!

" 1. MALCOLME III. J was crowned the 15. oi;;
April, A"*. 1057. He created the first earles in Scot-
land, and erected the bishopprickes of Murray aodi
Caithnes. He raigned 36 y . and was slain at Ah-
wick, by a wound in the eie,§ and was buried it
Dumfermeling.

* See her Foneral Sermon, by Bishop Fisher, repablisbed, with a letmed pnftc% '
by Mr. Baker, 1708.

' t There is a neat set of small ovals of the kings of Scotland, two inches sevei
eighths, by two and one fourth ; and another set, engraved by several good hsod^
for Guthrie's " History of Scotland,'' 1767, 8vo. In the book intitled, " De Ori^
Moribus, et Rebus gestis Scotorum Libri decern ; Auctore Joanne Leslaso, "Btit^
1578, 4to. are a considerable number of medallions of the Scottish kings, aevenltf
which Bollard has copied in his folio prints. The fine collection of coins md^ ONHI
published by Anderson, at the expense of the Scottish parliament. Is a well knon
work. But books of this kind are not strictly within my plan ; though some coOedtf
place medallions, and even small coins, in the same portfolios with portraits.

t The head of Malcolme, who succeeded Macbeth, is in a small round, witlioit
the engraver's name. This, and the following heads of the Scottish kings thit M
numbered, are of the same set. The inscriptions, which are literaUy taken, aveli
square borders. The variations from the dates, as I find them in Dr. Blair's Ott
oology, are inserted. In Holyrood House, at Edinburgh, are paintings of the kbf
of Scotland from Fergus I. These were engraved and published in Scodand If
Cooper. The series, from Fergus to Charles II. was the work of one band4 nif
were painted when the Duke of York was resident in Scotland. Many of 1be»
are said to have been taken from porters and common soldiers. They lUre in gemn]
wretchedly executed.

§ He was killed at Alnwick Castle, in Northumberland, by a soldier, who pn
tended to deliver him the keys of that fortress on the point of his spear. The Pov
family are said to have taken their name from this event. But Collins, in U
** Peerage," informs us, that this family had nothing to do in the north till a ceo
tary afterward, and Dr. Percy agrees with him.

OF BtfOLAND. 33

There is a curious print ipscribed, SAKCTA b^
BIARGARITA, Regina Scotiee ; engraved by Ckwet Rdguaw
from a drawing of Castiliaj by command of Jarne^ the
Second; but it certainly is an imaginary head.

Sancta Margarita, &c. Gantrel so. large sheet.

Saiot Margaret was queen of Malcolm III. ftumamed Canmore.
She was sister of Edgar Atheling, and died A. D. 1093. One of her
daughters, Maude, was married to Henry I. king of England. Rud-
diman, speaking of Malcolm/ says, ^* D. Margaretam, Edmondi,
Ferrei lateris cognominati. Regis Anglin proneptem, Uxorem duxit,
anno 1070."

" 2. DONALD-BANE,* by thfe support of the
king of Norway, obtayned the crown. Anno 1092
(1093) ; but after 6 monthes was deposed by Dun-
can, base sone to king Malcolme, whom by treasone
he slew, and againe raigning 3 y. was lastly cast in
prison by Edgar, (and) ther died.

" 3. DUNCAN, base son to king Malcolme, sup-
ported by William Rufus, obtayned the crowne from
Donald his uncle, and rayned one yere and six
monthes, with such cruelties towards his subjects,
y*. Ma^pender E. of Memes slew (l;iim), and re-
established K. Donald.

" 4. EDGAR, the thirde son of king Malcolme,
and first anoynted king of Scotland, a just and godly
prince, was crowned at Scone in An**. llOlf (1097).
He raigned in great quietnes the space of nyne yeres,
and died at Dundee, Anno 1110.

*' 5. ALEXANDER I. surnamed the Feirce, and iio
brother to king Edgar, in the beginning of his raigne
was much disquieted by the rebellions of his barons ;
but, suppressing both them and other robbers of his

* The seventh of the name of Donald.
t Probabljr a mistake of the engrarer.

TOL. 1. F

34 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY

Bigan people, raigned . 17 y . and died without issue 1 125

i^U (1124)."

DAVID I. in Pinkertons Scotch History.

" 6. David i. brother to Alexander, began his'
raigne 1124. He built 15 abbays, and erected 4
bishoprickes ; namly, Rosse, Brechin, Dunkeld, and
Dublane ; wherein he was so bountiful y* the crownc
was thereby much impayred : he new waled Car-
leill : he raigned 29 y."

MALCOLM IV. in Pinkerton's Scotch Hisfory.

" 7. Malcolme IV. surnamed the Mayden, at 9
yeres of age was crowned. He ayded H. of England
against Lewis the 6. k. of France, and resigned his
tittle for him and his successors to Northumberland.
He raigned 12 yeres, and was buried at Dumferme-
ling, 1185(1165).

" 8. WILLIAM, brother to Malcolme, was crowned
1 197 (1 165), taken prisoner at Alnwick and sent into
Norm, to k. H. 2^. to whom he did homage for the
kingdom of Scotland, and delivered the castles of
Barwick, Edenborow, Roxburgh, and Striveling,
erected the bish. of Argill; raigned 49 y.

" 9. ALEXANDER the IL began to raign in
Anno 1219 (1214). He wan the city of Carleill from
Hen. 3"*. king of England, which was againe delivered
upon exchange for Barwick. He raigned 35 yeres,
and died aged 51, and was buried at Melros, Anno
1242.

'' 10. ALEXANDER III. at 9 yeres was crowded,
1249 : against him rose the Cumings, lords of S(X)t-
land, which imprisoned (him) at Striveling, whence
he was delivered by his subjectes. He was slaine by

OF ENGLAN D. 35

^fall from his horse, April 10, 1290, having raigned Bepia

'in 99dfc their

42yeres. * Reigns.

The two following heads may have a place here, as father and
mother of the next king.

JOHANNES DE BALLIOLO, pater Johannis de
Balliolo regis Scot o rum ; generis nobilitate^ virtute^Jide^
fnetdtCy clarissimus ; Fundator Collegii Ballioknsis. M,
Burghers so.

Johannes Balliol, &c. Fundator Coll. BalliO"
lensisy Anno Dom. 1263.

, I have heard it asserted, that the portrait of John Baliol was
drawn from a blacksmith, who lived in Oxford ; but of this I have
no direct proof. * ^

John Lord Balliol, in the Oxford Almanack^
1742.

DERVORGILLA,t ,fili(^ Alani comitis Galvidi^py
uj^or Johannis de Balliolo^ fundatrix collegii Balliolen-
sis. M. Burghers sc.

Dervorgilla, &c. Faberf. large 4to. mezz.^

Dervorgilla Lady Balliol. Parker sc.

m

* According to other accounts, 37 years ; then followed an interregnum of several
years. This prince married a daughter of Henry III. king of England^

t Sometimes written Devorgiida.

X The picture in the Oxford gallery, whence the print of Dervorgilla was taken,
was drawn from Jenny Reeks, an apothecary's daughter at Oxford, who was
esteemed a beauty. She afterward married Mr, Mogg, who was rector of Stockton
in Warwickshire, and of Inkborougji in Worcestershire. Her husband, dying, left
ber the advowson of Stockton ; for the sake of which one Allen, a buccaneer, and
afterward a clergyman, courted her, and obtained the advowson; of which he
had no sooner got possession, than he brought from Jamaica a wife and several
cbildren.$

. $ I am obliged for this anecdote, and on other accounts, to my late worthy
riend, the learned and ingenious Mr. William Huddesford, sometime keeper of
Ubniole*s Miiseura.

Myitis ille bonis flebilis occidit ;

Nulli flebilior quam mihi.

Uidr

36 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY

"11. John Balltol, croyrned at Scone, Novemb.
30, 1292. He first did homage to E. I. king of
England, for his kingdom, at Newcastle, and after-
wards resigned it wholye to him. He was impri*
soned at London, but thence released, went into
Nor. and ther died."

John Baliol* was competitor with Robert Brace for the crown
of Scotland. Bruce was the son of Isabel, second daughter of
David earl of Huntingdon ; and Baliol the grandson of Margaret,
the eldest daughter. Bruce alleged that his claim was not only
founded in consanguinity, but that Alexander had moreover declared
hhn his heir.

ROBERTUS BRUCEUS ; Boitardf. h. sh. He
is represented in the ornaments, killing Cummin.

Robert Bruce, grandson of the competitor with Baliol, stabbed
John Cummin, a powerful nobleman who opposed him in his design
of throwing o£P the English yoke, in the Cloysters f of the Grey
Friars at Dumfries; upon which he proceeded to make* himself
master of the kingdom, and took possession of the thtone. His
great valour and conduct in the decisive battle of Bannockbum
have been much extolled.

«5Juiie, « 12. ROBERT BRUCE, crowned at Scone
March 27, 1306. Unto him John Balliol resided
all his right to the crowne of Scotland : the like did
also E. III. of England. He raigned 24 y. and died
at Cardos, July 7, 1329, requesting his hart to be
buried at Jerusalem.'*

His will was accordingly fulfilled by Sir James Douglas,:^ ancestor
of the duke of Queensberry^ who made a pilgnmage thither on pur-

* John Balliol, son of Hugh Baron of Biwell (K. Hen. td). He married Dei^
vorgilla, one of the three daughters to Allan of Galwaj, a great baron in Scotland,
by Margaret, eldest sister of John Scot, the last earl of Chester, and one of the heirt
of David, sometime earl of Huntingdon.

t Several authors say be was kiiled before the altar.

% Sir James Douglas, if he had any children, ought to hate been oftlled tbe
ancestor of Lord Doyglas of Forfar, not of the duke of Queentberry. Hit |nJ*
grimage to (he Holy-Land is now known to have b«ea ideal ; he was killed fitt-
ing against the Saracens in Spaip. — ^Loref Hailcb

1314.

OF ENGLAND. 37

]K)se. This p%rimage is commemcorated in hit grace^s armft; in Be|iHi
liluch is a hearty gules, crowned with an imperial crown. ^?'

" 13. EDWARD BALLIOL, asysted by E. 3.
king g( England, forced younge king David into
France, and was himself crowned at Scone, Septem.
24 (27), Anno 1332. In great trebles, he raigned 4
yeres, and then resigned his right to king Edward 3.
Anno 1355."

Robert Bruce, and Edward Baliol, neither of whom was lawfully
possessed of the crown, are sometimes left out of the series of the
longs.

" 14. DAVID 2. at 7 yeres, was crowned Novemb.
22, 1331 (1329). In his second yere, he was forced
into Fraunce, where he remaigned 9 yeres : yet
thence returning, recovered his kingdom, but was
taken in battaill by the English, and with y™ re-
teyned 11 y. raigned 30 ye. Obit. 1370. set. 59."

ROBERT II. in PinkertorCs Scotch History. Ro-
berts sc.

" 15. Robert ii. and first Steward,* at the age
ef 47 yere was crowned king at Scoen, the 25 of
March, A"*. 1370. He fortunatly fought against the
English. He raigned 16 yeres, and died at Dundo-
bald the 19. of April, 1390, and is buried at Scone."

ROBERTUS III. holding a jewel in his hand; Ato.

" 16. ROBERT III. was crowned king at Scone,
the 15. August, 1390. He raigned 16 yeres, and
died in melancholy for grief of his son David's violent
death, and his other son James captivity in England,
Anno 1408. His body was buried in Pasley Ab.
(Abbey)."

* The title of Steward was an appendage to the estate and office of the steward
of Scotland, which was settled on this family. — There is another head of Robert II.
in a cap, with a jewel in the front.

38 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY

Began "17. JAMES I. the inscription torn ojf."

their ^ -^

i^'g»»- James I. Ato. one of the set of Stitarts.*

*

James i. in Noble Authors, by Park, 1806. Bocqud.

. JACOBUS dei Gratia Sector, etc. Rex. Whok
lengthy with pointed shoes. Arms supported by a stag.

Jacobus dei Gratia, copied from the last, in Icom-
graphia Scotica. Adam sc.

These scarce prints were first published in " Inscriptiones Histo^
ricee Regum Scotorum," &c. Joh. Jonstono, Abredonense, Scoto
Authore. Amstel. Excudebat Cornelius Cleessonius, Andrseo Hartio,
Bibliopolse Edemburgensi, 1602. The set begins with Robert II.
and ends with James VI. In 1603 they were republished with
alterations, llie short biographical inscription under each head was
originally in Latin, but afterward in English : the following is under
the head of James the First: /

'^ James I. began to reigne in the yeire of the warld 5394, in the
yeire of Christ 1424.t He was a gude, learned, vertuous, and just
prince. He married Jeane, daughter to John duke of Summerset,
and Marquis Dorcet, sonne to John of Ghent, &c. He was slaine
at Perth traiterously, by Walter earl of Athol, and Robert Grahame,
&c. in the 31. yere of his reigne."

This king was seized during a truce, in the latter end of the reign
of Henry IV, and ungenerously detained a prisoner in England
almost nineteen years.

JANE Queen of Scotland, ann. dom. 1424; JOHN
Earl of Somerset, anno 1397 ; ttvo small ovals, in one
plate ; very scarce. This earl hath been already mo-
tioned.

a

Jane, Queen of Scotland, daughter of John
Beaufort, Earl of Somerset, by Margaret, daughter
of Tho. Earl of Kent. J. Thane, 1794.

* There are prints of five Scottish kings of the name of James, engraved by Gay-
wood, for Drummond*s " History of Scotland."

t In the year of the Julian period 6119, and of Christ 1406, according to Dr^
Blair.

OF ENGLAND. 39

Jaue* queen of Scotland was daughter of John earl of Somerset, Beean
atad Catharine/daughter of Thomas Holland, earl of Kent. She was ^^'
married to James I. the 2d of February, 1424, at the priory of St
Hary Overy, in Southwark, The match was concluded with the
^(msent of the Scots nation.

JAMES II. 8vo. Oaywood.

James ii. in the set of the. Stuarts^ Ato.
• " 18. James u. at the age of 6 yeres, was crowned
k. at Scone, Anno 1436 (1437). He was slaine at
the siege of Roxburgh, the 3. of Aug. 1460, in the
yere of his age 29, and of his raigne twenty-foure,
and was buried at Holy-Rode House."

JAMES III. from the original at Keiisington. J.
Herbert, 1796.

James in. kneeling ; from the picture at Kensington.
A. Birrell so. 1796.

Jacobus hi. rea^ Scotorum; cap and feather ; Mo,

" 19. James 111. at 7 yeres of age, was crowned
king at Kelso, amongst his army, Anno 1460. He
followed lascivious counsell ; for which he was first
imprisoned at Edenborough, by his nobles, and after
29 y. raigne, slaine by them at Bannockesboren,
1488."

He was a prince of a mean genius ; was remarkable for slighting*
the nobility, and lavishing his favours upon persons of low birth and
education.

* She is sometimes called Joan, and in Keith's Catalogue of Scottish Bishops,
p. 112, Jehane. In Fuller's Worthies, under London, p. 202, it is observed, that
Joan, in later times, hath been accounted a coarse and homely name, and that some
proverbs of contempt have been thrown upon it, which occasioned its being mollified
into Jane. But Jane occurs in Leland's Collectanea, and in Holinshed, Stow, and
Speed. In the 32 of Elizabeth, it was agreed by the Court of King's Bench, to be
all one with Joan jt and they are both the feminine of John, and answer to Joanna
in the Latin. I have not observed, that Jane Shore any where occurs under the
name of Joan.

t See Camden's Remains, by Philipot, p. 12^.

40 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY

•a JAMES IV. from the picture at Kensington. J.
^ Herbert, 1796.

James iv. in Noble Authors, by Park, 1806. Gt-
rimia sc.

James iv. with Margaret, eldest daughter rff^
Henry 7th of England: small ovals; rare.

fac simile copy of the above. J. Ihtm,

1796.

James iv. worthy prince, 8cc. Ato. Sold by Ccm^
ton Holland.

Jacobus iiii. Rex Scotorum ; a thistle in hisl^ \
hand. Ato. '

James the Fourth, erminedrobe; %vo.

Jaques IV. a bust; Vander Werff p. G. VakkK* \
h. sh. \

** James the Fourth, king of Scotland, a worthy pnnce; he
raigned 25 years ; slaine at Floyden Field, 1513. Mi, 39. He lIla^
ried Margaret, eldest daughter to Henry VII." Stent e±c. 4/o.

Bishop Fox advised Henry VII. to marry his eldest daughter t»
James IV. and his youngest to Lewis XII. of France, with a vienr
to the contingency of a union of the crowns of England and Sco^
land. — It is remarkable, that James I. II. III. and IV. who suc-
ceeded each other in the throne, died unnatural deaths. The last
of these kings wrote a book on the Apocalypse,* as did also
James VI.

See the series of the kings of Scotland continued in the reign of
Henry VIII. &c.

* James IV. nerer wrote on the Apocalypse. — Lord HmUt.

OF ENGLAND. 41

CLASS 11.

GREAT OFFICERS OF STATE.

See Thomas Becket, WUliam of Widkham, John Alcock, and
William Waynfleety who were all lords chancellors^ in the fourth class,
'^ntb Hhe clergy. See also Walter Stapledon» lord treasurer jU> Ed^-
^imd III. in the same class.

HENRICUS DE MONMOUTH, vulgo diet, (de)
Torto Collo, Dux Lancastriae, Fund^. Coll. Corporis
Ckristi, Cantab. 1351 ; Faberf. large Ato. mezx.

Henry Duke of Lancaster, in Harding's Shah-
^re.

Henry Dus:£ o^ Lancaster, in " Noble Authors^''
by Parky 1806. Gerirma.

Henry Duke of Lancaster; ovalj with view of
Chrisfs College, in Wilsons Cambridge.

Henry Plantagenet, duke of Lancaster, who descended from a Creat.
younger son of Henry HI. signahzed himself as a soldier and a *
statesman ; having accompanied Edward III. in most of his expe->
ditions, and acquitted himself with reputation in several treaties and
nnbassies. In the 11th year of Edward, he was created earl of
Deihy; and upon the death of his father, in 1345, he became earl
of Lancaster and Leicester, and high steward of England : his re-
dnue was numerous and splendid; and he is supposed to have
spent above a hundred pounds a day, a great sum in that age. A
few such powerful peers as thU falling into the. contrary scale to
that of the crown, have, on some occasions, been known to over-
poise it. He died of the pestilence, at Leicester, 1361, and was
buried there, in the collegiate church of St. Mary. Mr. Masters,
in his valuable '' History of Corpus Christi College, in Cambridge,'^
conects the date of his creation as duke of Lancaster, in which
Heylin and others are mistaken. It was, undoubtedly, in the 25th
of Edward IIL

HENRY STAFFORD, duke of Buckingham ; J.
Houbraken sc. Anist. 1745. From a picture at Mag-
ialm College, Cambridge. Illust. Head.

VOL. I. G

42 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY

Henry Stafford, duke of Buckingham, lord high-constable of
England, in the reign of Edward I V.» was descended from a soa
of Edward III. He had great talents, which he is said to have
prostituted to the infamous purposes of Richard III. and to have
bad a principal share in liis usurpation* It ia certain that he bid
many honours and preferments conferred upon him by BidudL
Afterward, being apprehensive that that prince meditated Us ds^
struction, he conspired to set the earl of Ridmiond on die Aurm}
for which he was beheaded, 1484.t

DUKE OF AUMERLE, son to the duke of YorL
E. Harding, Jun. sc. From a limning in the British
Museum.

Edward Langley, son of Edmond duke of York, fifth son of
Edward III. and nephew to Thomas duke of Gloucester, upon die
murder of his uncle, to which he is said to have been instrumoital,
obtained the dukedom, 1397; and for treason to Henry IV. mi
divested of it. He was killed at the battle of Agmcourt, 1415.

Humphry Stafford, duke of Buckingham. J^
Allen. W. Bond.

Humphry Stafford, son of Edmund and Anne, daughter o^'
Thomas duke of Gloucester, was created duke of Buckingfaan^j
1445, and obtained from Heury VII. a special grant unto himwf^
and his heirs, for precedence above all dukes whatever, exceptbf
such as were of the blood royal. But on this elevation, great %.
putes arose between him and Henry duke of Warwick, to whom %
king had given precedence next before him; for the adjostuj
whereof there was a special act of parliament, that they shonff
have precedence by turn, the one one year and the other next, te
The duke of Buckingham did not long enjoy his advancement; wf
was slain at the battle of Northampton, 1460. -i

EDWARD PLANTAGENET, son to Geotg^
duke of Clarence. E. Harding^ jun. sc. Prom t
drawing in the British Museum. ^

* He b said, bj seyeral of qar historians, to iiave been appi^nted loni U^
constable by Richard III. He was first advanced to that office ia thq ran fld
Edw. IV. in which he was soccecded by Tha Loid Stanley, 1 Rich. HI. Tiil
Spelman. Gloss, sub voce Comstabulahius.

t This is Edward duke of Buckingham : the inscription on Houbrakea's print ii
erroneous.

OF ENGLAND. 43

Edward Plantagenet ; an outUnCj in Lord Or-
ford's Works, 4to.

Tlusrizmocent and unfortunate prince, who had been reared from
in&ncy in prison, fell a sacrifice to the jealous policy of Henry VII.
who never conceived himself in safety on the throne while a Plan-
tagenet remained alive. A pretext was made of his conspiring with
Poddn Waifoeck in designs to disturb the government; and, bein^
amigned for high treason, he was condemned and beheaded on
Tower HiU, 1499.

JOHN HOLLAND, duke of Exeter. S. Harding
<wr. ifi Harding^ s Shakspeare, Rich. IL

John Holland, &c. in Strut fs " Regal AntiqJ**
/^24— 26.

John Holland was created ^rl of Huntington, 1388, and duke
of Exeter, 1398. But after the deposal of Richard II. he was ad-
judged in parliament to lose his honours and lands. He afterward
jcnned his brother/ {he earl of Kent, in a conspiracy against Henry
IV. ; and whilst at supper at a friend's house; he was seized and
conveyed- to Plessey, where his head was cut off, 1416 ; in Ihat very
place where the duke of Gloucester had been treacherously taken
bv Kins: Richaird.

raOMAS DUKE OF GLOUCESTER R.G«,.
frey sc. in the " Antiquarian Repository.*'

Thomas Duke of Gloucester ; in Strutfs " -Re-
gal Afkiquittes,'' N"* 67.

Thomas of Woodstock was the seventh and youngest son of
Edward III. and was by his nephew Richard II. created dtik'e of
Gloucester and lord high constable in 1386. He was a man o^
valour, but turbulent and ambitious, of extreme passion and obsti-
nacy : findii^ that both resentment and jealousy on the part of the
king prevented him from acquiring authority, he determined to re-
venge himself on those in favour, and often affected to speak con-
temptuously of the king and government He was unexpectedly
arrested and carried over to Calais, where he was smothered between
two {hIIows by lus keepers, 1397.

JOHN HOWARD, first duke of Norfolk. Sche-
neker sc. in Harding's Shakspeare.

44 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY

John Howard, &c. with his autograph. J. Thane. ]
John Howard; small circle. Colnaghi. 1809.

Sir John Howard, the son of Sir Robert Howard, Knt. and Maiy,
eldest daughter of Thomas Mowbray, duke of Norfolk^ in yibxm
right he was created duke of Norfolk by King Richard IH. in 14fi[3.
He distinguished himself in the cabinet as well as in the wan of
Henry VI. and Edward IV. ; and for his great services was kni^ited
in 1473, made captain-general of the king's fleet, and installed
knight of the garter ; and was no less attached to Richard HI. bf
whom he was also made earl marshall, lord high admiral of Eo^ ;
land, &c. He was slain fighting for Richard at the battle of Bos-
worth Field, Aug. 22, 1485, and was buried in the abbey church at
Thetford. The following well-known lines were set on bis gate the ;
night before the battle :

" Jack of Norfolk, be not too bold.

For PicoPi tby master, b bought and sold."

Thomas Howard, duke of Norfolk; when earl of ^
Surrey, 1483, with autograph. C. Hall so. 1791.

Thomas Howard, 2d duke of Norfolk, was created earl of Sairey r
at the same time his father was created duke of Norfolk, and was 1
taken prisoner at Bosworth Field, fighting in the cause of Richard ^
IIL He was confined for three years and a half in the Tower of j
London by Henry VIL; but being a person of great prudence, \
gravity, and courtesy, was restored to his honours and digiiity, and
had the office of lord treasurer and lord high admiral conferred iq)o&
him. He particularly signalized himself at the battle of FloddeO)
for which service he was advanced to the. dignity of duke of Nor- j
folk, 1513. In 1521, he performed the office of lord high-stewaid \
on the trial of Edward Stafford, duke of Buckingham ; and gave i
sentence of death on him, whereat he was so much concerned as to r
shed tears. — He made earnest suit to King Henry VIII. at Kdi-
mond, that he plight, in respect to his advanced s^e, resign his office
of lord treasurer of England. The king was unwilling to part with
so able a minister ; but his importunity at length prevailing, he in-
stantly, on receiving the staff from the father, told him he would de-
liver it where he should think it best bestowed ; and then calling his
son (the earl of Surrey, at the time playing at bowls on the green),
gave it him, December 4, 1522. The duke died at Framlingham
Castle, May 21, 1524, and was buried in the priory of .Thetfixd,

OF ENGLAND. 45

vbence his bones were removed at the dissolution to Framlingham.
Die description of his monument is preserved in Blomefield's Nor-
folk. See the reign of Henry VIII.

JOHN BEAUFORT, first duke of Somerset.
Thane.

' John de Beaufort, the second natural son of John duke of Lan-
caster, was eminently conspicuous in most of the military cam-
paigns in the reigns of Henry V. and VL, and by the latter was
cieated duke of Somerset and earl of Kendal, 1442. Ob. 1444;
buried in Winbom Minster, Dorsetshire. He manried Margaret,
daughter of Sir John Beauchamp, of Bletshoe, by whom he had a
daughter, named Margaret, the grandmother of Henry VH.

THOMAS HOLLAND, duke of Surrey; in
Strut fs " Regal Antiquities T plates XXIV. XXV.
and XXVL

DuKB OF Surrey. E. Harding so. in Harding's
Shakspedre.

Thomas Holland, son and heir of Thomas earl of Kent, by Alice,
sister of Richard Fitz- Allan, earl of Arundel, &c. was created duke
of Surrey by Richard II. 1398 ; but in the early part of the reign of
Henry IV. he forfeited his life and honours, by conspiring with the
duke of Aumerle and Exeter, earl of Salisbury, &c. against the life
of the king. Ob. 1401.

HENRY BEAUCHAMP, duke of Warwick; small
whole lengthy in Lord Orford's Works, 4to.

Henry Beauchamp, son of Richard Beauchamp, earl of Warwick,
by his second wife, Isabel, daughter of Thomas earl of Gloucester,
was a great favourite of Henry VI. and by him created duke of
Warwick, 1444, with precedence next to the duke of Norfolk, and
before the duke of Buckingham ; which so extremely displeased the
duke, that an act of parliament was passed, declaring they should
take place of each other by turn every year. He was also by
Henry himself crowned King of Wight. These high honours he did
not long enjoy, dying on the 11th of June, 1445, when only twenty-
two years of age.

RICARDUS FITZ-ALLAN, Comes ArundelHse,
&c. Crotvn on his head, kneeling, with his Countess
Eleanor. J. Basire sculp.

46 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY

Richard Fitz- Allan, 5th earl of Arundel^ earl of Warran and
Surrey by right of his mother, was one of the most distinguished
men in the reign of Edward III. He was in the expedition to Flan-
ders, and in sereral of the French wars, particularly at the battle of
Cressy. He filled many high offices, and execut^ several import
tant embassies. Ob. 1376. His first wife was Isabel, dau^ter to
Hugh Lord Despenser, from whom he was divorced : bis teiecond
was Eleanor, daughter of Henry earl of Lancaster.

THOMAS OF BROTHERTON, eari of Norfolk j
in StnUt's " Regal Antiquities.''

Thomas Plantagenet, sumamed de Brotherton» from the place of
his birth in the West Riding of Yorkshire, where his mother. Queen
Margaret, second wife to King Edward I. when a hunting, was de-
livered. He was by his brother Edward II. created earl of Norfolk,
1315, and soon afterward earl marshal of England. Ob. 1338, and
buried in the abbey of St. Edmunds Bury.

HENRY PERCY, earl of Northumberland ; Clamp
sc. in Harding's Shakspeare.

Henry Percy, earl of Northumberland; in Strutfs
" Regal Antiquities r plates XXVII. XXVIII. XXLX.
and XXXIII.

Henry Percy was made earl marshal of England at the coronation
of Richard II. anno 1377, and at the same time created earl of
Northumberland. After a long series of public services, he ¥ra8 ba-
nished the realm, for reflecting i^)on the unconstitutional meastdres
at that time pursued. He immediately joined with Henry duke of
Lancaster, and assisted him in his advancement to the throne.-^Oir
the accession of Henry IV. he was raised to the high o£Bce of con-
stable of England for life. At the battie of Homilden, he gained 8
complete victory over the Scots army ; but the king took all the
prisoners (which the earl regarded as his right)^ intending to detaur
diem^ that he might make a more advantageous peace with Scot^
land. The earl, enraged at this act of injustice and ingratitude, aa
he conceived it, for raising Henry to the throne, joined Edmond
Mortimer, earl of March, Owen Glendower, and other disaffected
persons, in a plan to depose Henry : but at the battle of Shrews-
bury the insurgents were defeated, with the loss of the eatl's son,
the celebrated Hotspur. Northumberland was afterward paidoBMl>

OF ENGLAND. 47

bat deprived of his honoura and estates, though they w^re at length
mtorad to him again. Reflecting on the death of his son, and
ioding himself slighted by the king, he joined With Thomas Mow-
bray, son of the duke of Norfolk, and Scrope, archbishop of York,
vho lost atmr lives : the earl was forced to seek refuge in Scotland,
and was slain at Branham Moor, near Haslewood, 1407.

ROBERT VERB, earl of Oxford, with Philippa
de Courcy, his countess ; an old print, 4to.

Robert Vsrb, &c. p'oftle in an aval. Hall sc.
From the original at the Hon. Tho. Walpok's.

Robert, the ninth earl of Oxford, a great favourite of Richard IL
was created marquis of Dublin and duke of Ireland : but after some
time enjoying the royal favour, his insolence and ambition became
mtolerable ; his absolute rule and authority excited the indignation
of the nobility, which terminated in his being accused of high trea-
son, and sentenced to banishment. He died at London, 1392, of
a wound received by a wild boar, in great distress. His wife yt^a
Philippa, daughter of Ingelram, earl of Bedford, whom in the height
of his prosperity he forsook.

EARL OF SALISBURY. S. Harding del et sculp.
Frtum the original in the British Museum.

Earl of Salisburt ; in Strutfs " Regal Antiqui-
ties T plates 24 — 27.

John de Montacute, the third earl of Salisbury, was almost the
pnly temporal nobleman that remained firm to King Richard after
the invasion of the duke of Lancaster. When Richard was deposed,
he joined in a plan for his restoration ; which being discovered, he,
wi^ the earl of Kent and others, was seized by the citizens at Ciren-
cester, who beheaded them in 1400.

TKOMAS MONTACUTE, earl of Salisbury;
vhole length, standing in armour ; John Ltdgate pre-
senting him with a book ; in StrutCs " Regal Antiqui-
tksr N-XLV.

Thomas, 4th earl of Salisbury, was concerned in most of the
mihtary exploits during the reign of Henry V. ' He died in the ser-*
Tice of his country, being mortally wounded when commanding the
Engtish army at the siege of Orleans, 1428.

60 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY

Ports, constable, of Dover, and sheriff of the said county ; and beinj^
a person of so great power, at the landing of William the Conqueror,
King Harold, who was then in the North, sent him a letter to raise
all the forces under his command, to withstand the invader. And
when the king came up to Oppose the Conqueror, the said Bertram,
.who had an eminent command in the battle, received so many .wounds,
that soon after he. died thereof;* and since which time, through the
mercy of Ood, the said family, in a direct male line, have continued
at Ashbumham afo^ssdd ; and are the present possessors thereof."
The portrait is in Guillim's " Heraldry," fol.

SIR JOHN OLDECASTLE, the worthy Lorde
Cobham, &c. fnmi the " Bref Chrmycle concemynge
his Examinacyon and Dedth,^' by Bale ; whole length ;
8vo. This has been copied in the new edition of the
" Bref ChronycU;' 1 729. .

Lord Cobham, in a fur gown, 12mo. There is a
small head ofhim^ which nearly resembles this^ in Clark^s
" Marrow of Ecclesiastical History."^

Lord Cobham ; in the " Royal and Noble Authors,''
by Park. Gerimia sc.

Sir John Oldcastle married the niece and heiress of Lord Cobham^
and, upon his marriage, assumed that title. He was the chief of the
Lollards, or disciples of Wicliffe, in the reign of Henry V. The pro-
digious increase of that sect was sufficiently alarming to the govern-
ment, but much more so with a man of spirit and enterprise at the
head of it. The king, with whom he had been in favour, tried every
gentle method of bringing him back to the church ; but he was in-
flexible. He was burnt in St. Giles's-in-the-Fields, in Feb. 1418, and
was said to have died in expectation of rising the third day.f

* He wasi according to other accounts, beheaded by command, of William tb^
Conqueror. See Coilins's ** Peerage," artic. Ashburnham.

t Sir John Oldcastle was exposed as a buffoon character, by some Roman-Catholic
poet, in an old play, entitled, ** The famous Victories of Henry V. containing the
honorable Battaile of Agiucourt ;" in which the scene opens with prince Henry's
robberies; and Sir John Oldcastle is mentioned as one of his gang. As Shalupeare
seems to have borrowed some hints from this play, it gave occasion to the mistake,
that Sir John Oldcastle was originally the droll of his historical play of Henry IV.
and that he changed his name to Falstaif.

«,...*«>.',«.....,'">«"■'"«''"""■'

OF ENGLAND. 51

' ," JHON TALBOT, of the noble familie of Sheros-
berie,'*'' 8^c. a most curious prints with an ornamented
border, in the Bodleian Library. It appears to be very
ancient, and is much damaged. It is evidently the ori-
ginal of that in Andrew Thevet's " Lives,'' fol. 282. The
date is " M. HIP XLIII." On the blade of the sword
is this barbarous inscription; " Sum Talbottipro vincere
Inimico meo'' Others give it " Inimicos meos.^' After
a summary of his history under the portrait, it is said,
" his pourtraicture, as I represente it to you, was tafcen
out of the pallace which the said John Talbot had built.''
Pictures of this earl and his consort are in the gallery
of Castle- Ashby, in Northamptonshire, and judged
by Mr. Walpole to be the most antient oil paintings
in England.

John Talbot, earl of Shrewsbury, &c. great mar-
shal to King Henry VI. of his realm of France, who
died in the battle of Bourdeatuv, with Lord Viscount
IdslCy his son, 1453, and is buried at Roan in Nor-^
m&ndy. T. Vecill sc; 4to,

Jban Talbot, Capitaine Anglois; in And. Thevet.
4t.

iTaken from an old MS. in the possession of Louisa de Savoy,
mflbsx of Francis the First, king of France. His picture was also
^ be 9een in 1580, at Castle, built by him.

John Talbot, earl of Shrewsbury. /. Basire sc.
two different.

John Talbot, earl of Shrewsbury. J. Parker sc.
in Harding's Shakspeare.

Tliis great general, who was for near twenty-four years the terror
•iid soioiiigiB of France, was victorious in no less than forty battles
and skirmishes. The generaUty of our historians agree in his being
loDed at the siege of Chastillion, after he had taken BofUideaux ;
though his epitaph informs us, that he was killed in the battle of

52 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY

Bomdaatix. He was above -eighty years of iige at tfaa time of hii
death. The duke of Shrewsbury, who died in 1718, was lineally
descended from him ; so is the present earl of Shrewsbury. Se^
Ghraoger's Letters, p. 313.

ANTHONY WIDVILLE, Earl Rivers, attended
by Caxton the printer, presenting his book to Edr
ward IV. From a curious MS. in the archbisho^9
library at Lambeth. In the same print are the parr
traits of the queen, prince of Wales, ^c* That oftk
prince, afterward Edward the Fifth, is the only one
known of him. It was engraved by Vertue. — Frontis-
piece to the " Catalogue of Royal and Noble Authors!"
Grignion sc.

Anthony Wi dvillb, Earl Rivers. Clamp sc. in
Harding's Shakspeare.

Anthony Widvijlle, Earl Rivers, for ^^ Nohk
Authors'' Birrel sc.

Anthony Widville, Earl Rivers. Gerimia ^.
in ^* Noble Authors," by Park.

Anthony Widville, Earl Rivers, &c. in Strutfs
■* Regal Antiquities^" 47.

The Earl Rivers^f who was the most valiant and accomphsbed
nobleman in the court of Henry the Fourth, had the care of the
education of his nephew, the [i^ce of Wales. He was the greatest
restorer and patron of learning among the nobiUty of his age, and
translated himself several books from the French. That which he
presented to the king was ** The Dictes and Sayinges of the Philo-
sophers,*' which is said to have been the second or third book printed
in England by Caxton.J It is dated Nov. 18, 1477. — ^Beheaded at
Pontefract, by order of Richard the Third, 13 June, 1483, in the
41st year of his age.

^ I have inserted deacriptioBs of « lew prints of this l^ind, wfiicbf tbongli ^^Mj
Imtorical coiupositions, may be considered as assembiages of portraits.

t He frequently occurs in our histories under the title of Lord Scales.

X If ** The Game of Cliess" was the first book printed by Caxton. this was tte
third. See Ameses " History of Printing."

OF ENGLAND. §3

CLASS IV.

THE CLERGY.

JOHANNES Vin. Pont. max. /. Baptista de
Covakriis sc. 8vo.

Joannes 8. Wm. Richardson.

The history of John VHI. or Pope Joan, if true, is a remaiicable
instance of female frailty, and strength of parts, and a signd proof
of what th^ sexjs cap^tei especially when proi](ipted by the tender
passion, Some fmfEff^asfl^ tliat ste wa« bspm in Endand; but
the generality a^eee'f^ Aq was a na^^ of Ments; scha that her
&tlier was an Ei^iUsIl priest . fflia,. ^etj, tiarlf Ja liBi^.jBbgaged in
an amour with fin ifidb^pi^ftiCy-friio becfioie h^ jbitpn I^e Eloisa,
she proved a t^ wt sdudar, and joaa4j^'a great -prpgi^s in what-
ever he taught hex. She attended her lover .to Athens, heard the
professors lliere, and^ais to Ta|Md % pioSdenliy that when she re-
moved to Homey .die faand fiew or npnis'.thatc^d equal her in the
learning of the f^^ andespecially in <^vinit^. She, by her know-
ledge and addrjSjS^ acquired so great respect and infiuen/pe, that she
succeeded Leo Ijiy.? in the papal throne. She ciuiKted herself to be An^
{^ot with child lyy one of her domestics, and falling; suddenly in ^^-
Jabour, as she was. going to the Lateran church, diexl upon the
spot. She continued to pass for a man, with all but her lovers, to
the time of her death. Such is the story of Joan ; which is ex-
ti^mely improbable in itself, and is mentioned by no author who
lived near the time. It is now generally, if not absolutely, given
up, after it hath been tiioroughly lufted. Dr. Hutchinsqn, bishop
of Down and Connor, is, I believe, the last author who has troubled
himself on either side of the question.* He hath tacked a Disser-
tation on Pope Joan, by way of postscript, to a sermon preached on
tiie fifth of November, 1731, to which her story appears to have
no relation. This occasioned the following stanza, written by an
Irish wit:

** God*s blessing be upon bis heart,!
Who wrote the book of Witches,
And proved Joan in petticoats
The same with John in breeches;^'

* Joan was first mentioned b^ Marianas ScoUib, a writer of the eleventh century,
t " God's blessing be upon. her. heart/' b an expression applied to the queen in
the sermon here mentioned.

}

}

^^^^^F

^^M

i^fl

i^mi

k -^ ^^.Uli^^^^^^ll

V.HuiH^^ll

_^Jill^^BI

56 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY

8vo ; the latter is dated 1585. The bett set ib thfllt by Phil. Oalk,
Antverp, 1572, a pot folio.

Nicholas Breakspear, who, upon his advancement to the pope-
dom, assumed the name of Adrian IV. was, in the early part of his
Kfe, reduced to the necessity of submitting to servile offices for
bread. He studied in France, where, though he laboured under
the pressures of poverty, he made a wonderful progress in learning.
He was, for his merit, chosen abbot of St. Rufus, in Provence;
and, in 1146, made a cardinaL In 1154, he succeeded Anastasius
the Fourth in the pontificate. He told one of his intimate friends,
that all the hardships of his life were nothing in comparison of the
burden of the papal orown. Such were the difficulties and sorrows
which he had experienced, that he had been, as he expressed it,
'' strained through the limbec of affliction." Frederic, king of the
Romans, at an interview with this pope in Italy, condescended to
hold his stirrup, while he mounted his horse. He was the only
Englishman that ever sat in St. Peter's chair.* Ob. 1 Sept. 1 159.

ST. THOMAS BECKET, episc. Cantuariensis et
Martyr; HoUarf. 1647, 12^0^

There is a neat small oval of him, by L. F. Lucas
Vorsterman.

St. Thomas Becket, with emblems^ folio. Wester-
hout sc.

St. Thomas Becket, kneeling before the altar.
G. Hurst sc. octavo.

St. Thomas Becket's Murder, fol. J. Carter sc.

St. Thomas Becket, ditto. W. Fowler.

St. Thomas Becket, oval. Van-Eyck. Thane.

St. Thomas Cantuariensis, wfiole length; mitre^
crosier^ 8gc. 8t;o. neat^ scarce.

This haughty prelate, who aimed at papal supremacy in England,
began the famous controversy between the crown and the mitre, in
the reign of Henry the Second ; which was ended by his assassina-^

• See " Biographia Brit." p. 39. Fuller, in bis •' Worthies,** p. 13, tells us,
that there were fonf popes who were Englishmen ; but he does not mention their
names.

rrr/iii ,

':w-lArH,d.mh^Yrh/lw.-:\"^iy!vja,/

'fiaului' 4-'^

r--'.XJ}\,,Uns<\'!'^-^\''lU.>r.f~-,,X-rklh,.',-.\-USlnJ

OF ENGLAND. 57

tiopy 29 Dec. U70p He was canonized two years after. The pro-
£giou8 confluence of pilgrims to his shrine may be jessed at by
the deep channels worn in the marble pavement of the cathedral
at Canterbury, where they offered their gifts and their devotions.
Forty-eight years after his decease, a controversy was started among
the doctors of the Sorbonne, whether he was saved or damned ; and
in the reign of Henry VIII. he was cited to appear in court, and
tried and condemned as a traitor.

Hif ^* Life** was written in seven volumes, by Roger, abbot of
Gffowlaiid, who spent fifteen years in composing it.*

Lord Lyttelton, in his admirable character of Becket, has repre-
sented him in such strong and various lights, that he has left us
at a loss to determine, whether we more admire the polished cour-
tier and the able statesman, or detest the haughty and bigoted
t»Telat$ and oatnigeous incendiary.

HUGO DE BALSAM, episc. Eliensisy Sgc. Fund'', consec,
Lmus St*. Pet. A.D. 1265. Faberf. large 4to. ?nezz. {^^^^

Hugo de Balsam, when subprior of the convent of Ely, was
elected bishop of that see, by the monks, in opposition to the earnest
KGommeadation of Henry III. to elect Henry de Wingham, his
dimiceUor. Hereupon Balsam, going to Rome, procured the pope's
eonfirmatSon* Windham, averse to his own promotion, declared
Aat a more wopthy person than himself had l^en chosen. The
king at lengdi acquiesced, and he was accordingly consecrated.

He died in 1286, havmg sat twenty-eight years in the see of

THOMAS RAMRYGB, abbot of St. Alban's, is
rtfresented tfpon hU knees ^ praying to the Holy Trinity;

* few niea have done more muchief in the world than a great namber of- those
^ have been caaoniced ibr saints ; who were not only bigots, bat incendiaries
•od penecntors. As the trae histories of their lives would have done them no
boQoar, the compilers of their memoirs were not onl^ under a necessity of filtering
fbeir chaiact^n* bat ei faaTfaig recouise to fiction. It is not to be lamented, that
nch elaborate works as this of the " Life of Becket," together with the innume-
fikle Uatories of miracles, pilgrimages, relics, habits, beards, and tonsures, are long
WQI mftipt KWB^ among the refuse of things.

In 1682 were published, in 4to. ** Epis^olse et Vijts Divi Thorns Cantuariensis,
&C. &c &c. in locem producta ex Manuscripto Vaticano : Opera et Studio F.
Christiani Lopi Iprensis,'' &c. Bruxellis.

VOL. I. I

58 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY

and on the altar before him is deposited His mitre. Bj
the side of the abbot is a scroll^ on which is written :

*' Sancta Trinitas, U7ius Deus, miseris animiSj T.
Ramryge''

" Holy Trinity y one Gody have mercy upon the soul
of T. Ramryge''

" He* was an excellent man in his time, beloved as well by God
as men ; for which reason his name was had in perpetual blessingi
amongst posterity." — See Weaver, p. 557.

WALTERUS DE MERTON, summus Anglic
Cancellarius, Episc. Roffensis, Fund^ Coll. MertOD,
1267. Faberf a Tabula in Bibl. "Bodleiana; large Ato,
One of the set of Founders.

Walter de Merton, in the, ** Oxford Almanack"
for 1737.

Walter de Merton, lord high chancellor of England, in the reign
of Henry III. and afterward bishop of Rochester, was the founder
of the first college in Oxford, which was incorporated by royal
charter. It was called after his own name, and was regulated with
such prudence, ^^.at it was recommended by King Henry to Hugh
Balsam, bishop ot Ely, as a model for his foundation of Feter-
Le Ne?c house. He died the 17th of October, 1277.

MATTH.EUS Parisiensis, Historicus, qui ob. 1269,
&c. T. Cecil sc. whole lengthy 4to.

MATTHiEi Parisiensis, Historici^ &c. vera effi-
gies ; ex Libro ejtcs Chronicorumy MS. olim sui ipsiusy
. nunc Regio desumpta. A whole length; before the
last edition of his " History.''

Matth^eus, Parisiensis, &c. whole length. W.
Richardson.

Matthew Paris, a Benedictine, of the monastery of St. Alban*8,
stands in the first rank of our monkish historians. . He was no in-

• In Strutt's " Regal and Ecclesiastical Antiq," plate LX.

,o

Ihjff/,,-, //>/',■',-. ,1,' .!,'r"-,'fi,<i„jl'yLi'i
rrrn rH'':jir.,rx i^ii /III.; H'!! l/i(-r :'iiii ')( ■>
' ■'/,!/ .,'11. ij'.,'!:.,. : ",.'■ Il'riii.^'fyml.hi

OF ENGLAND. 59 '

cmsidenble poet and orator for the time ia ivhich he flourished ;
nd ia said to have understood painting, architecture, and the ma-
bematica. He was author of the '' Historia Major/' and ** Historia
^inor^" which is an abridgment of the former; to which is pre-
ixed hia portrait. He is censured for a mixture of fable in his
lisfcory ; Imt this censure affects the character of the age, rather
han that of the author.*

BACCHON (Bacon) Rog. Anglus ; a small head
In the title to Crollius's " Basilica Chymica ;" Eg. Sa-
iekrinc.

There is another small print of him holding a book.

Roger Bacon ; profile in a hat^ from the original
at Knok^. R.. Godfrey sc. 1786, in the " Antiquarian
Repertory.** '

Roger Bacon ; enlarged from the one by Eg. Sa-

deler, 4fo.

Roger Bacon, a Franciscan friar, was styled Doctor Mirahilis^ for
big great' learning, but much more for his invention, the charac-
teristic of genius. He discovered the telescope, burning-glasses,
camera-obscuray gunpowder, transmutation of metals, and many
other things, the utility of which was only known to himself. Dr.
Freind says, that a greater genius in mechanics had not risen since
the days of Archimedes. A variety of authors bear much the same
testimony to his abilities in other branches of science. He was
persecuted by the barbarians of his age ; in which philosophy had
inade a less progress than any other kind of knowledge ; and geo-
metry and astronomy were branded with the odious name of necro-
mancy. Oh. 11 June, 1292. See his " Opus Majus," by Dr. Jebb,
and Dr. Freind's '* History of Physic."

* Matthew Paris gives us the roost particular history of the wandering Jew that
is to be found in any author.t He received this account from an Armenian arch-
bishop, and one of hii domestics, who were here in the reign of Henry III. and who
afiBnned that they had their relation from the wanderer himself. This man is men-
tioned by a multitude of writers. V. Wolfii ** Bibiiotheca Hebraea," tom. ii. p.
^093, where these authors are enumerated. It is to be concluded hence, that there
^^ such an impostor, and that he well acted his part.

t V. Hist, sub fumo 12'?8.

60 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY

JOHANNES DUNS SCOTUS, Doct(yr Subtilis;
from the painting in the public library in Oxford;* J.
Faberf h. sh. mezz.

Johannes Duns Scotus. Bloemart sc.

Johannes Duns Scotus, yb/. F. Chauveau sc.

Johannes Duns Scotus. Eckhurst sc.

Johannes Duns Scotus, octavo. N. Habert sc.

Johannes Duns Scotus. Jollain sc.

Johannes Duns Scotus, small folio. W. Mar-
shall sc.

JoHANNEi^ Duns Scotus^ a sheet. J. Killian sc.

Johannes Duns Scotus, in his study, 8vo. J.
Neefs sc.

Johannes Duns Scotus. Des Rochers.

The portrait of Duns Scotus at Windsor, which is much the
sSime with that at Oxford, is said to have been painted by Espa-
g^olet. It is probably not genuine. — I have been, in general, very
cautious of admittmg ideal heads ; but have not been so scrupulous
as to exclude every one, when other memorials have been wanting.

Johannes Duns Scotus, &e. Ord. F. M. (fra-
trum minorum) Conv. l2mo.

There is a small print of him inscribed^ Doctor Sub-
tilis, Scotistarum Princeps.

It requires one-half a man's life to read the works of this pro-
found doctor, and the other to understand his subtilties. His
printed works are in twelve volumes in folio.f His manuscripts
are sleefMng in Merton College Library, in Oxford, of which society
he was a member. He was the head of the sect of schoolmen called
Scotists. Oh. 1308.

* The pictoie of Dens in the Bodleian Gallery was painted by Aahfield. So
Heame informs us, at p. 793, of Tho. Otterboame and John Whethamstede, where
there is some account of that punter.

t Voluminous works frequentljf arise from the ignorance and confused ideas of
the authors. If angels were writers, says Mr. Norris, we should have few folios.

OF ENGLAND. 61

NICHOLAUS TRIVETUS; Historicus, e litera
imtiali Codids MS. Verttce sc. Svo.

Nicolas Trivety a Dominican friar, was author of the ^* Annales
6. Regum Angliee,'^ published by Mr. Ant. Hally of Queen's College,
Oxford, in 2 vols. 8vo. 1719. He liyed in the reigns of Edward I.
IL and III., in the second year of whose reign he died, aged near
seventy.

GUALTERUS STAPLEDONUS ; episc. Exon. Consec.
el magn. Anglia Thesaurarius, ColL Exon. et Aula ^
Cervifue Fund"". Anno Domini 1316. /. Faberf. large
ito. mezz.

Walter Stapledon annexed Hart Hall, formerly called Stapledon
Hall, to Exeter College ; but it is now independent of it, and vms
erected into a college by the means of Dr. Newton, Sept. 8, 1740.
This prelate was beheaded by the seditious burgesses of London,
at the standard and cross in Cheapside, 15 Oct. 1326.

WILLIAM OF WICKHAM, bishop of Winches-
ter. Houbraken sc. large h. sh. From a picture at
Winchester College. Illnst. Head.

GuLiELMUs DE Wykeham; cpisc. Winton. et. totius
Anglue Cancell. Fund"". ColL B. Maria Winton. vulgd
vocat. New Coll. 1379; et paulo post (1387) Coll. B.
Maria Winton. prope Winton. J. Faberf. large 4to.

William of Wykeham ; taken from a most ancient
picture of him, preserved in Winchester College, Grig-
mm sc. whole length, sh.

The great and useful talents of William of Wickham, especially Consec.
his skill in architecture, appear to have recommended him to the ^^^'J*
&yoar of Edward the Third. He persuaded that monarch to pull
down a great part of the castle of Windsor, and rebuild it from his
plan, m that plain magnificence in which it appears at present.* He
also drew the plan, and superintended the building, of Queenborough

* Edward III. assessed every county in England, to send him a certain number
of masons, tilers, and carpenters, for that work. Ashmoie's '< Hbt. of the Garter,"
p. 129.

62 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY

Castle. He was afterward made secretary of state, and lord privy
seal ; and had other accumulated preferments, before he was pro-
moted to the see of Winchester. Ob. 27 Sept. 1404.

Dr. Lowth, late bishop of London, who did great honour to both
the colleges founded by Wickham, has done due honour to the
illustrious founder, by writing the history of his life.

CARDINAL BEAUFORT, bishop of Winchester.
/. Parker sc. From an original picture in the collection
of the Hon. Horace Walpole; in Harding's Shakspeare.

Henry Beaufort, son of John duke of Lancaster, and brother to
Henry IV. successively bishop of Bristol and Winchester, and three
times lord chancellor, was presented with a cardinal's hat, by Pope
Martin V. He, with his brother Thomas duke of Exeter, was ap-
pointed governor and tutor to Henry VI. then only nine months
old. The cardinal, being of an ambitious and intriguing disposi-
tion, had continual disputes with his brother the duke of Gloucester,
regent of England, commonly called Good Duke Humphrey ; whose
death, attributed to secret strangulation, was universally ascribed
to the machination and connivance of Winchester y who, shortly after,
on his death-bed, testified the bitterest remorse for the share he bad
in that horrid transaction. Oh. 1447, aged about eighty years.

THOMAS FITZALLENIUS FiUus Cornitis Arun-
dellia Archiepiscopus Cantuariensis Constabularius
Castre de Queenbourgh 27 Ap. Anno Decimo Regni
Henrici Quarti. From a painting in Lambeth Palace^
copied from the original at Penshurst.

THOMAS ARUNDEL, &c. in Strut fs '' Regal An-
tiquities,'' plates 23. 32. and 38.

Thomas Fitzalan, second son of Richard, the fifth -earl of Arun-
del, was successively bishop of Ely, archbishop of York, and after-
ward of Canterbury ; being the first instance of the translation of
an archbishop of York to the see of Canterbury. — Having been im-
peached, and banished the kingdom, for the part he had taken in
his brother Richard's treason, he retired into France; but returned
again into England with Henry duke of Lancaster, who had also
been banished by king Richard II. He procured. a bull from the

OF ENGLAND. 63

pope, and publicly preached; promising Paradise to all that would
aid him against the enemies of Henry duke of Lancaster ;* who, on
his accession to the throne under the title of Henry IV. made him
lord high chancellor of England, anno 1412. He died in 1414.

GULIELMUS BATEMAN, episc. Norwic. Aula
S. S. et individtuB Trinitatis Fund^. Anno Dom. 1360.
Faberf, large 4to.

: ivith view of Trinity Hall. E, Harding sq.

- Bishop Bateman was the founder of Trinity Hall, Cambridge, Consec.
which was originally an hotel, or house of entertainment for stu- ^^' j.
dents. He erected this hotel into a coUege^f and was a great
master of the civil and canon law. He died and was buried at
Afignon, 1354.

ROBERTUS EGGLESFIELD; Coll. Regime
Fund\ Burghers sc.

RoBERTUS Eggl£sfi£ld; Murray 'p. Faberf.
whole lengthy h. sh. mezz.

Robert Egglesfield, in an oval folio.

The outline of the head of this portrait was taken by Murray,
from an effigy engraved on a brass plate, formerly affixed to Robert
Egglesfield's tomb, in the old chapel of Queen's College, in Oxford.
The painting, and the plate, to which the whole length of Queen '
Philippa is companion, belong to the society of that college.

RoBERTUs Egglesfield; Regince Philippa Ed-
vardi 3. Regis Anglice a sacris confessionibusy Coll.
Reginense fundavit Anno D*. 1340. /. Faberf large
ito.

On the feast of the Circumcision, the Bursar of Queen's College
gives to every member of that society a needle and tiiread, in re-
membrance of the founder; the words aiguille Jil composing a kind
of rebus on his namie. — I cannot find that he had any higher prefer-
ment in the church than the rectory of Brough, in Westmoreland. Pronoun

ced Bnifi

* See Stratf s " Regal AnUqaities," p. 45.
i Cantab. I>epict; Wilson's Cambridge, p. 51.

64 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY

JOHANNES WICLIF, S.T.P. &c. A tabuk
penes nobilissimum dticem Dorsetice ; G. White/, h. sk
mezz. This has been copied.

John Wicliffe, with Luther, Calvin, &c. a sheets
scarce. P. Perron sc.

In Balers ** Illustrium mqjoris Britannia Scripto-
ruTUy Sgc. Summarium,'' 1548, Ato. is a curious head of
Wielif. There is another of him, and other English
divines, ^ Prastantium aliquot Theologorumy £gc. Effi-
gies ; quibus addita Elogia, Sgc. Opera Joe. Verheiden f
Hdga Com. 1602, excud. Hen. Hondius. This is printed
exactly in the same manner with the " Heroologia,' mi
was, doubtless, the model of it.

Jean Wiclef, Anglois, &c. in an oval of oaken
foliage^ done in wood, 4to.

Johannes Wiclef, &c. IVom the Continuation of
Boissard*s Bibliotheca Chalcographica, Ato.

Jean Wiclef ; Desrochers sc. 8vo.

Johannes Wickliffe; /. Faber f. 1714, h. sh.
mezz.

Johannes Wiclif; A. Vanhaecken f large Ato.
mezz.

Johannes Wickliffe; JR. Houston f. large Ato.
mezz. A tabula in ColU Reg. Cantab.*

Wicliffe may be regarded as the father of the Reformation; as
be was the first in Europe who ventured to bring religion to the test
of Scr^tune and eedesiasticsal antiquity. The austerity of his life,
aad the sanctity of his manners, added great weight to his doctrine*
He was indefiidgable in his labours, and generally went alioot barer
footed, in the gaib loi a pilgrim. He translated the New Tefltement
fttom the Vulgate, whidi was printed ¥dth Lewis's ^^ History of tJiie
English Bibles,'' in fol. 1731. Calmet informs us, that he trans-

* Hooatonhisei^jqiTeQikielieadsoraUtlieiefonaenlbrR^

OF ENGLAND. 65

lated the whole Bihle ; and that there were ge? eral manuscripts of
tiug translation,* but that it was never printed. He died at his
rectory of Lutterworth, in Leicestershire, 1385. His tenets were
much the same with those of Calvin.f

WULFSTAN, archbishop of York, in StrutCs
^' Dresses,'^ plate 27.

WuHstan, bishop of Worcester and archbishop of York 1002,
died 1023, and was buried at Ely.

SIMON SUDBURY, in Strutfs " Regal Antiqr
plate 17.

Simon 3e Sudbury, so called from the place of his nativity, was
Nurly made chaplain to Pope Innocent VI. At his return to Eng-
land, he was appointed chancellor of Salisbury ; and in 1361, bishop
of London. He was much beloved as a wise, learned, and liberally-^
spirited divine. In 1375, he was promoted to the see of Canter-
bury. He performed the solemnity of crowning King Richard II.
and was made chancellor of England in 1380. Archbishop Sudbury
tost his life in Wat Tyler's rebellion, being barbarously murdered
on Tower Hill, 138^1. The rebels had taken particular offence at
his having imprisoned one John Ball, a famous incendiary preacher,
in Maidstone gaol.

THOMAS TRILLICK, in the *' Oxford AlmamcK
1750.

Thomas Trillick, dean of St. Paul's, and brother to John bishop
of Hereford, was appointed bishop of Rochester 1364; and was
consecrated by Ghiido, cardinal of Bologn, in the chapel of his pa-
lace. He died 1372.

HENRICUS CHICHLEY, Archi^. Cant. Fund\
Coll. Onrn. Animarunty An"". Dom. 1437. J. Faber /.
large 4to.

* In the library of Emanuel College, in Cambridge, is a beautiful manuscript of
tiie whole Bible, on vellum, which is of Wicli£fe's time, or very near it.

t Lcwifi, in his " History of the Translations of the Bible,'* 8vo. p. 47, &c. has,
I think, sufficiently proved, tliat the word knave instead o{ servant of Jesus Christ,
said by Dr. Fuller to be in Wicliffe's " Translation of the Bible,**t ^as on^J an artful
interpolation.

♦ *• Church Hist." lib. iv. p. 142.
VOL. I. K

60 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY

H. Chichley, &c. M. Bnrghers sc. h: sh.

Dr. Henry Chicuele, &c. M. Burghers sc. 8«w.

Henry C ji ich ely, &c. Bartolozzi sc. whole lengthy
fine. From a plate in All Souls" College.

Henricus Chicheley, Archiep. Cantrar. From
an ancient painting on boards in Lambeth Palace. In
'' Lambeth Illustrated,'' Ato. 1806.

Archbishop Chicheley, at an advanced period of
life, from an ancient painting on glass in Lambeth Pa-
lace, in " Lambeth Illustrated,'' 4to. Roffe sc.

Henry Chicheley, in Harding's Shakspeare. E.
Harding sc.

Henry Chicheley, mezz.fol. W. Robins.

I have some reason to believe, that all the above prints, except
that by Bartolozzi, were done after a picture which belonged to
the late Dr. Doyly, prebendary of Ely, and some time fellow of
All Souls ; who, when he was at that college, in 1738, had a^r-
trait of Archbishop Chichely, the face of which, as he then told
Mr. Cole, of King's College in Cambridge,* was taken from one of
the family. There is .some probability that this may be like him;
as a face, at least some features of it, has certainly been transmitted

Tr. from to many generations.

Ui^ Archbishop Chichely was employed in several embassies by

Henry V. whom he artfully diverted from his purpose of dissolving
the abbeys, by persuading him to a war with France, which he
thought would find sufficient employment for his ambitious and
active . spirit. Besides the college of All Souls, he founded St
Bernard's Hostle at Oxford, afterward improved and converted
into St. John's College ; aibd a hospital for the poor, at Higham
Ferrers in Northamptonshire, the place of his nativity. Ob. 12
April, 1443.

WILLIAM LYNDEWODE, author of the " Pro-
vinciale," seated at a reading-desk^ small oval. Thane.

* Afterwaid rector of Blcclieley, Bocks, an cmineut antiquary, and no less
worthy man; to whom the author of this work is greatly obliged fur his kipd
assistance.

OF ENGI.AND. 67

William Lindwood, a learned civilian, who was member of the
University of Oxford, and sent by Henry V. as ambassador to
Spain and Portugal, in 1422. On his return to England, he was
miade bishop of St. David's, in 1434, and died in 1446, He com-
piled a collection of canons and constitutions of the archbishops of
Canterbury, printed at Paris in 1/K)5, and at Oxford in 1663.

RICHARDUS FLEMING ; episc. Lincoln. Fun-
dator Coll. Line. 1427. /. Faber. f. large Ato. mezz.
Om of the Set of Founders.

Richard Fleming; in the Oa^ford Almanacks for
1743. 1747.

Richard Fleming, a native of Croyston, in Yorkshire, received
his education in the university of Oxford. In 1420 he was ad- Consec
vanced to the bishoprick of Lincoln by the pope ; and after he had ^^^^'
sat in that see about four years, was, by the same power, translated
to York* But this provision was, according to Godwin, so stre-
i^uously opposed by the dean and chapter of that church, and dis-
approved of by the king, that he was forced to return to Lincoln.
He disting^hed himself in the former part of his life by asserting
the doctrine of Wicliffe ; as he did in the latter, by his opposition
to it. He caused the bones of that confessor to be taken up and
burnt, according to the decree of the council of Sienna. It i$ said,
that the college which he founded was intended as a seminary for
learned men who should oppose WiclifiPe's opinions. He died 25
Jan. 1430, and was buried in his own cathedral, where a sump-
tuous monument was erected to his memory.

WIJLLIAM WAYNFLEET, bishop of Winchester.
Houbraken sc. 1 742. From a picture at Magdalen Col-
lege^ Oxford. Illust. Head, large h. sh.

GuLiELMUS Patten, alias Wayn fleet; totitis
Anglice Cancel, epis. Winton. Coll. B. Marice Magd.
Oxon. et Aulce adjunctce Fund^. A. D. 1459. J. Faber
f large 4to. mezz.

William Waynfleet, in the Oxford Almanacks
for 1729, 1730. 1749.

William Waynfleet, who had been twelve years schoolmaster of

68 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY

Wiuchester,' was afterward successively schoolmaster and provost
of Eton ; and in April 1447, he succeeded cardinal Beaufort in the
bishoprick of Winchester. He was made lord chancellor of Eng-
land in the room of Archbishop Bourchier. Ob, 11 Aug. I486.
His magnificent tomb, and that of the cardinal, are still in good
preservation, in the cathedral to which they belonged.

DAN JOHN LYDGATE, of Bury, poet-laureate;
ad exemplar MS. elegantissimi ab J. Lydgate Henrico
VI. dicat. etiamniim in Bibliotheca Harkiana asservati;
large h, sh. One of the Set of Poets ^ by Vertue.

John Lydgate, 12mo. T. Trotter.

John Lydgate, in Strutt's " Regal Antiq.'^ Nos.
42. 45.

John Lydgate was a Benedictine monk of the abbey of St. Ed-
mondsbury. He travelled into France and Italy, to acquire the arts
and languages of those countries, and was a good poet for the age
in which he lived. Bale and Pits have given us catalogues of his
English and Latin works ; and in Weever's '' Funeral Monuments'*
are many specimens of his poetry, collected from tombs in the
county of Suffolk. Ob. 1440, M. 60. — See the character and
accountof him in T. Warton on Spencer, vol. IL p. 103, 104.

ROBERTUS WOODLARKE, D.D. Coll. Reg.
prtepositus, acad. Cantab. CanceUarius, et Aula Sanctce
Catharine Fund. 1473. /. Faberf large Ato. mezz.

Robert "Wood LARK, S.T.P. with a view of Cathe-
rine Hall, Ed. Harding. Wilson's Cambridge.

He was the third provost of King's College, in Cambridge.

THOMAS de ROTHERAM, alias $cot ;* one oj
the Set of Founders, by Faber ; large 4to. inezz.

Thomas de Rqtheram, in Harding's Shakspeare.
T. Nugent.

9 SomeCinict more proper)^ wrillen Thomas Scot, alias dti Roihcram.

OF ENGLAND. 69

Thokas de Rotheram, in the " Oxford Alnia-
Mck;' 1743.

Thomas de Rotheram, so called from the place of his nativity in
Yorkshire^ is styled the second founder of Lincoln College, in Ox-
ford ; which was begun and carried on by Richard Fleming, and
completed by Rotheram, after he had succeeded him in the
bishoprick of Lincoln ; whence, in 1480, he was translated to York.
He .was some time lord high chancellor of England, and chan-
cellor of Oxford ; and wa6 secretary of state in four reigns. He
was also , legate of tlie apostolic see. He died the 29th of May,
1500. Heame has published largely concerning him, in *' Lib. Nig.
Scaccarii," p. 666. 756.

" The portraiture of JOHN ROUS (Ross), some-
time a chantry priest here ; as it was taken from an At Wa
ancient roll, drawn by himself, wherein the pictures ^**^'^'
of the earls of Warwick are curiously delineated ;
M. B. (Burghers) sc. %vo.

This print is copied from that by Hollar in Dugdale's
Warwickshire.

John Ross has been sometimes called a regular canon of Oseney,
near Oxford. He was author of the " Historia Regum Anglice,"
under his name ; of Mrhich an edition was published by Heame, in
8vo. 1716. His portrait is prefixed to his history. Oh, 1491.

In '* Mons Perfectiones," otherwyse called, in
English, *' The Hill of Perfectyon," emprynted by
Richarde Pynson, in the xiii. yere of our soverayne
lord, King Henry VII. In the frontispiece of this
rare book is the portrait of JOHN ALCOCK, and I
believe one in the Latin title at the top of the first
page. See Har. Cat. 6917, vol. 3.

John Alcock, bishop of Ely, with a view of Jesus'
College. E. Harding. Wilson's " Cambridge.''

Johannes Alcock; episc. Eliensis, totius AnglicB
CancellariuSj Fund^. Coll. Jesu Cantab. Anno Dorn.
1497.

T'O BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY

om John Alcock, who was chai\ceIlor . to Edward the Fourth and

ester, Henry the Seventh,* convert^ the old nunnery of St. Radegund

ipto Jesus College. Bale speaks in very high terms of his pi^ty

and mortification. Ob, 1 Oct. 1500.

Mr, Bentham, in his excellent history of the church of Ely, in*
. 182, forms us^ that he was master of the rolls, and a privy counsellor,
^^' iij the rpign of Edward IV. ai^d employed in several embassies by

that prince : that he was preceptor to Edward V. was a consider-!

^ble writer, and of eminent skill in architecture ; of which there is

a beautiful but ruinated Qpecimeq, in the cfiapel of £)ly cathedral

th^t bear^ his name. See plate xxi. of the elegant book ju^t ipen-i

tioned.

CLASS V.

COMMONERS IN GREAT EMPLOYMENTS.

SIR GILBERT TALBOT ; a small head, in voLn.
/?. 2 1 1 , of Anstis's " Register of the Garter J^ This was
taken from the bicst, at his seat, at Grafton, in Worces-
tershire.

Sir Gilbert Talbot, 15l6ywith his arms (Fittler),
W. Richardson.

Sir Gilbert Talbot, third son of John, the second earl of Shrews-
bury, was a man of various talents, and equally qualified for the
business of peace or war. He commanded the right wing of the
earl of Richmond's army, at the battle of Bosworth, where he was
unfortunately wounded. He was one of the persons sent by Henry
Vn. on the expedition in behalf of Maximilian the emperor. It
appears from a curious indenture, now extant, that John Pounde,
citizen and grocer of London, " was placed an apprentice to Sir
Gilbert Talbot, citizen and mercer of London, and merchant of the
staple at Calais ;" of which place he was deputy, in the same reign.
He was, by Henry* sent amb<issador to Rome, to congratulate

* Before the revival of literature, the era of which was about the same time wkh
tlie reformation of religion, the highest offices of state were usaally borne by the
clergy, who were possessed of almost all the learning of those times ; and their know^
ledge was generally limited to school divinity, and the civil and canon law.*

(

OF ENGLAND. 71

Pius HI. upon his election to the pontificate. Though a corartoner
and a dtizen, he was honoured with the order of the garter in the
reign of Henry VII. He died on the 19th of September, in the
seventh year of Henry VIII.

CLASS VI.

MEN OF THE ROBE.

SIR JOHN FORTESCUE, knight, lord chief-
justice, and lord chancellor of England, under K,
Henry VI. W. Faithorne sc. h. sh. Frontispiece to
Waterhouse's Commentary en his Book " De Latulibus
Legum Anglice.^^ Fol.

Sir John Foetescue, and prince Edward; G.
Vandergticht sc. 4to. Frontispiece to one of the transla-
tions of the abovementioned book.

^^in John Fortescue, in his robes, whole length,
^9. Etched by Bretherton, from a limning in a MS.
of the time in the possession of Sir William Musgrave,
hart.

Sir John Fortescue, kt. in Blackstone^s Commen-
taries. T.Cooksc. 1793.

This great lawyer and statesman, who was one of the most Fromot
learned men of his age, was lord chief-justice of the King's Bench ^^^ "*
in the reign of Henry VI. and constituted chancellor to that unfor-
tunate prince, after Edward IV. was in possession of the throne.
He followed the fortunes of the house of Lancaster, and was many
years in exile, with Queen Margaret and Prince Edward her son.
Soon after the decisive battle of Tewksbury, he was thrown into
prison, and attainted, with other Lancastrians ; but found means
to procure his pardon from Edward IV. His celebrated book ** De
Laudibus Legum AnglisB," was written for the use of Prince Ed-
ward. Several editions of it have been published in Latin and
English ; to one of which Mr. Selden wrote notes. His book on
the " Difference betwixt an absolute and limited Monarchy," wa^

72 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY

published by John Fortescue Aland, esq. afterward Lord Fortescue,
in 8yo. 1714. See an accoant of bis English and Latin MSS. ia
" Biographia Britannica." Ob, circ. 1465. JEt, circ. 90,

Judge LITTLETON (or Lyttleton)> the famous
English lawyer. R. Vaughan se. In an ermined rok,
kneeling, h. sh. — Another, copied from the former, small

Sir Thomas Littleton, oval, in Noshes Worm-
tershire, Svo.

Sir Thomas Littelton, from the original in the
Inner Temple hall. T. Trotter sc. 1792,

There is a whole length picture of him at Hagley, in Wotceh
tershire. This is a copy from the painted glass in the Middle
Temple hall:

Sir Thomas Littleton was a judge of the Common Pleas, and a
Promot. knight of the Bath, in the reign of Edward IV. He was author of
I46^r**' the celebrated book of " Tenures, or Titles V' by which all estates
were anciently held in England. Sir Edward Coke's *' Book rf
Institutes*' is a comment on this work. The first edition of it was
printed at Roan, about the year 1533. This great lawyer ivas
ancestor of Sir Edward Littleton,* lord-keeper in the reign of 1
Charles L 06.1481.

SIR WILLIAM GASCOIGNE. S. Harding sc.
From his monument at Hartvoody in Yorkshire.

Sir William Gascoigne, born 1350 at Gawthorp, in the- parisb
of Harwood, Yorkshire, was descended from an ancient family in
Normandy, one of whom came into England with William the Con*
queror, and was a student in the Inner Temple. He was made
loid chief-justice of the King's Bench in 1450 1 ; and is memorable
for his resolution in committing the dissolute Prince Henry to
prison, for insulting him in his duty on the bench, until the plea-
sure of the king was known ; who, when he heard the intelligence,
<^ gave God thanks for his infinite goodness, who at the same time
had given him a judge who could administer, and a son vbo
could obey, justice." — He died Dec. 17, 1412.

• Dr. Plot, in his " History of Staffordshire," p^ 280, observes, that there iven \
successively nine Sir Edwards of this family 5 to the great embanassment of ge- j
nculogists. 1

OF* BNGLAAB. 73

CLASS VII.

lidiN 6t 1%!EI SWORD.

WILLUlfr WALUiCEv Walker sc, matt, £b-
groped for Dr. SmoOete* Hutory.

GfVtixxiMxat Vajexas, ftc. snUUl A. iA. fttetw. ni the
mmef of the ebkr FtOer.

StU ifithjAvt Wi^tLACE. 3yrti the pmi/aii^ at
&fyro&i Smue. WaUon (jun.)*jicU, lar^ h\ sh.

WKXXm

fhti^ vHt afkaoij^; poifAnits, at least paSnt^ mi^Mo^
lieils^ of Sir WiU^ WaJIacie in S6btl«UDtd.

'dm gnmi man*8 heroic acticnu shew, ^rbsX pertoiu^ intrqiidityi
iMpea liy lieiev^^ aiid'Afabnt^ by bucccm; it able to ^ecaioL
Jhtor^y^ Asb^luld ittbndtt^^to ft feri^ yoke/ U, 8C tite hWi^
of afisw ftifitiyet and deipdhidoes^'dared tx^ aissert th^ iitdfep«nd-
c^ioa of bis countiyt and toolc ev^ry opportunity of attacking the
Ebj^h. AlB he #at €^&t sncceSsful, he WBS'Coiitinaally joined by
ofter raalecontenta ; and was, at length, at the bead of an aitey
which drove them oat of Scotltoid^ and app<Hnted hiln regent of
die kingdom. He was basely betrayed into the hands of Edward
£ by his infionbas friend Miatnteithyt and sdon after executi^ as ft Or Mq
tn^tpr, in t3p44 ^^ HesA wbb fixed upon a piole on London ^^
Andge:; and bis quarters were sent', into Scotland, to be placed *
over ihie gates of as many of the principal cities. ...

•^ life pb^^ afed- cioatf-anttour of Sit Wlli^
Q7AM!I>£l^^ to tbe pr^jsent iSir

•'!HkiMUfi6liTiibm4i; Aines is^ ntiAd of ikie oAer engvkWr Iti mmbt&ito.
t'Hi was gDvenfor of I>aii|kartoa (kyittfe £9? ]^ward {. Tlie story o^his betrajr-
ii% WalliM U aa idle popiiliir taIe.--I<oni HatW .

t The Scots, In former ages, were as eminent for arms, as they are at piesent for
liteaiy accompliriiments. Dand Cameraiius has written a book upon the TaiouTf
Hc» of tiiat people.

f Sir WiHiaia Oelanem was author of the Lives and Deaths of Kings Edward IL
andni.

VOL. U L

74 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY

Edward More, of More Hall,* and Bank Hall, in
Lancashire, bart. ; which said Sir William was made
knight-banneret by Edward the Black Prince, at
the battle of Poictiers in France." Whole lengthy in
armour. The print is in Guillims " Heraldry^'" fol.

JOANNES ACUTUS ; a portrait, in Pauli Jm
" Elogia,' lib. ii. p. 115. There is another portrait of
him, among other great captains of his age, in^\ Bitratti
di Capitani illustriy' 4to. There is a Grub-street life
of him in the black letter , with a suitable print. BtA
that which carries with it the greatest appearance of
authenticity, is the folio print, engraved from the eques-
trian figure on his monument in the church of Santa
Maria Florida, at Florence, by T, Patch, 1771. It is
inscribed, " Joannes Acutus, Eques Britannicus, Dux
Mtatis sua cautissimus, et reimilitaris peritissimus ha-
bitus est. Pauli Uccelli 0(pw^, 1436."

SIR JOHN HAWKWOOD, in Poggio. " Hist.
Florent:'
John Hawkwood, small. Barrett sc.

No hero had ever a greater hand in forming hunself, and framing
his own fortune, than Sir John Hawkwood. He was the son of a
tanner, at Hendingham Sibil, in Essex, where he was bom in tbe
reign of Edward III. He was bound apprentice to a tailor, in
London; but, being fortunately pressed into the army, was sent
abroad; where his genius, which had been cramped and confined
to the shop, soon expanded itself, and surmounted the narrow pre-
judicesf which adhered to his birth and occupation. He signalized

* The famoas ballad of the Dragon of Wantley was made upon one of this family.

It is accoanted for in the " Reliques of Ancient English Poetry," vol. iiLp. 277, j

where it is supposed to have been written ** late in the last century." \

t The prejudices of military men in that age might be more expanded than ihoie »

of mechanics, but were not more laudable. Sir John Hawkwood was captain oft p

band of those mercenary adventurers called Condettieri, who let themselTes out for f

hire, to fight for or against any body, and often alternately. Sir John was remaii-. t-

ably guilty in that respect, and deserves to be honoured for nothing but his coutage. '^

— Lord^ Orford, \

OF BNGLANb. 76

biiseU ai m siMer Jn . IVaiioe and Itidy, and particalariy at Pfaa
ind FlCMrence. He ccnnmanded with great ability and auccesi in
the army of GaleaoEo^ duke of Milan, and was in lo high eatemn
vidi Baniabaa hia brother, that he gave him Domitia, hia natural
laaghter/ in marriage, widi an ample fortune. But he,' afterward,
3rom mottvea which we cannot well account for, and tibat aeem to
reflect upon hia honour, turned hia anna against hia fiUher-in-law.
He. died, at Ilornice^ fidl of years and military fiune,in 1394.
Haling gained, among the Florentines, die character of the best
soldier of the age, they «rected m sumptuous monument to .his me^
moiy. PanlJoTuis^ the- celebrated biographer of illustrious men,
hath written his- el^gy. He, in the monumental inscription, and
ttie ^^EIogia,''*is . styled Joannes Acutus ; hence it is that some of
our traTeUera hare, in their joumala, mentioned him under the
name of John Sharp, the great captain. See more of him m Mo-
riBt's '< Essex," Tol. ii/p. 287, Aec.

, The portrait of VLISNBY FITZ ALAN, or AL-
WINE, thejfirst lord mayor o/Londony who was elected
in 1189, is engraved from a picture^ called original^ in
Drapers^ HaUl

There is also a print of SIR WILLIAM WAL-
WORTH, another lord mayor, who bravely stabbed
Wat Tyler to the heart, and by that stroke put an end
to a formidable rebellion, in the reign of Richard 11.
This, as some ass&rt^ gave occasion to the dagger inXhe
Hrst guarter of the city arms. The print was engraved
by Grignion, *^ after the original statue,"^ as it is called,
m Fishmongers' Hall.* Sir William was elected lord
mayor in 1380.

SiE Willi AM Walworth, knt. Godfrey sc. From

* Antiquaries are sometiinet apt to believe lastily, with respect to the aatbentidty
of paintings or scnlptores ; and admit some things into their .collections with as much
readiness as they ought to be rejected. Sach trash may serve to fill the chasms of
a series, to add to its namber, and answer the purpose of refreshing or fixing the
memory. In this view, the portrait of the blacksmith at Oxford may be just as
jsefnl as if John Baliel had sat for it.

76 BIOGRAPHIPA}. HISTORY

the originai picture in the coUectim of Richard BuU,
esq. 1784.

The true effigies of that valiant knight ^ and merchant
tailor, SIR RALPH BI.ACKWELL; gold chain;
arms of the city of London on the right, and fhe achieve"
Wfffd of the merchant tailors on the left. This was ear
graved for a bqqky in th^ plack letter, called *< JSc J^f^
nmr of Merchant Tailors,'' small 4to.*

Thi& book appears to be of the same class^ if not written by tk
same hand, with the well-known history of Sir Richard Whittin;-
ton. It contains the adventures of Sir John Hawkwood ; cf
William^ his fellow 'prentice ; and of Sir Ralph Blackwell, lAo
was a journeyman in the same shop. Hawkwood and Blackwd
are said to have received the honour of knighthood from Edward
III. for their valour. Romantic and extravagant a^ this histcMry is^
it is rather more probable than that of Whittington ; as, in an sge
when courage and military address opened the way to fame and
fortune, and the honour of knighthood was a capital distinctioa
among mankind, there is greater probability that one poor man
should raise himself by his sword, than that another should by a
cat Ralph Blackwell is said to have married his master's daugh-
ter, and to have enriched himself greatly by trade. It was thii,
chiefly, that enabled him to be the founder of Blackwell Hall. The
reader will pardon a ludicrous remark fot the sake of the truth of it:
the author of this history hath so characterized his heroes, as to
reverse the vulgar adage Uiat nine tsdlors make a man : on the eon-
trary, accQrding to his standard^ nine ordinary men are required to
make a tailor. The same author informs us^ that Sir Ralph Qlack-
well was sheriff and alderman of London ; but I do not find his
name on the list of sheriffs.

SIR RICHARD STACPOOLE; in armour; Se-

gulta p. from a profile on a monwnent ; James Watson
f. large h. sh. mezz. From a private plate, belonging to
Mr. Stacpoole, of Grosvenor-place, Westmimter. Uiyiff'
the print is the following inscription:

• His Dfe, by W. Winstanley, is in print.

OP ENGLAND. 77

'' Sir Richard Stacpoole, of Pembrokeshire, who was knighted
hj William the Conqueror. The different Welsh histcnrtans, and
the old records of that principality, mention him among the most
respectable men in the year one thousand and ninety-one, being
the fourth year of the reign of King William Rufus. He married
Margaret, second sister of Sir Richard Turbervile, lord of Coyty,
and died without issue. Robert, the only brother of Sir Richard
Stacpoole^ married a daughter of Sir John Sitsylt, or Cecil, an-
cestor to Sir William Cecil, lord Burleigh, and lord high-treasurer
of England in the reign of Queen Elizabeth. Sir William Stac-
poole, his eldest son, married a daughter of Howel ap Ithel, lord of
Boos and R3^oniac, now Denbighland. The said Sir William had
a command in an army, raised in the reign of King Stephen against
DaTid, king of Scots ; but died young, leaving three sons aiid one
danghtar. His eldest son, Sir Richard Stacpoole, of Stacpoole, in
the connty of Pembroke, married a daughter of Sir Henry Vernon,
of Haddon, in the Peak. No mention is made of the second son ;
but Robert, the youngest, encouraged by his cousin Robert Fitz
Stephen, went over to Ireland with Richard, earl of Strigule, known
by the name of Strongbow, and was a captsdn of archers in that
division of the army which Fitz Stephen commanded under Strong-
bow, in the year eleven hundred and sixty-eight, being the four-
teenth year of King Henry the Second. The said Robert after-
wards settled in Ireland, and from him the Stacpooles of the county
of Clare are descended. The old mansion of Stacpoole Court, and
a large estate, in Pembrokeshire, descended to a grand-daughter
ofthe second Sir Richard Stacpoole, and is now the property of
the son of the late Pryse Campbell, esq. who was member for that
county.^

SIR JOHN FASTOLFF, in the '^ O.vford Alma-
naeV'for 1731.

Sir John Fastolff. S. Harding sc. A small etch-
ing from the above.

Sir John Fastolff, bom about 1377, and descended from an
ancient family in Norfolk, was engaged in several military cam-
paigns in France during the reigns of Kings Henry IV. V. and VI.
where he distinguished himself in defeating the Count of Dunois
at the siege of Orleans, commonly called the battle of Herrings.
He was afterward attacked at the village of Putay, where he re-

78 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY

treated with dis^ce ; and the order of the garter was takeniioD^ t.
him as a punishment for this instance of cowardice. He died 1459) .
aged 82.

ROBERT CHAMBERLEYN, knight, inaprar
ing posture^ offering up a scroll, which is received by H
hand izbove. On the scroll is tvrittenj in the characters
of that time, " Miserere mei DeusT—^^ Have mercy
upon me, O GodT In Strutfs ^' Regal Antiquities^
plate 59.

Robert Chamberleyn, supposed to have been
in France with Henry the Fifth at the battle of Agin-
court • The chief reason for engraving this picture waSy
for the representation of the armour worn by the knights
at that time, tvhich is here exactly delineated, and is much
more perfect than in general can be found, 8gc. Fide
Strut t, page 117.

CLASS VIIL

KNIGHTS, GENTLEMEN, &e.

" The true portraicture of RICHARD WHITING-
TON, thrise lord maior of London ; a vertuous and
godly man, full of good works, and those famous. He
builded the gate of London, called Newegjite, which
was before a miserable doungeon. He builded Whit-
ington CoUedge, and made it an almosehouse for
poore people. Also he builded a greate parte of the
hospitall of St. Bartholomew's, in West-Smithfield,
in London. He also builded the beautiful library at
the Gray Friars in London, called Christe's Hospi-
tall. He also builded the Guildehalle Chappell, and
increased a greate parte of the east ende of the said

OF ENGLAND. 79

halle; beside many other good workes." R. El-
stracke sc. Collar of SS. his right-hand on a cat.

The cat has been inserted, as the common people did
not care to buy the print without it. There teas none
originally in the plate, but a scull in the place of the
cat. I have seen only two proofs of this portrait in its
first state, and these were fine impressions.

A print representing the death of Whitington is in
Malcolm's " London,'' vol. iv, p. 515.

Sir Richard Whitington flourished in the reigns of Richard II.
Henry IV. and Henry V. His last mayoralty was in HIQ.

WILLIAM CANYNGE, a small etching, profile in
an ovaL H. Englefield, 1785.

William Canynge, oval. J. Jehner, 1787, from
his bust in St. Mary Ratcliffe, Bristol, where is the
following inscription :

" Mr. William Canings, y* richest marchant of y* tonne of Bris-
towy -afterwards chosen 6 times mayor of y* said toun6, for y' good
of y' Comon Wealth of y* same. He was in orders of priesthood
7 years ; and afterwards deane of Westbury, and died y^ 7th of
Novem. 1474. Which said William did build within the said
tonne of Westbury a Colledge (with his Canons); and the said
William did maintaine by space of 8 yeares 800 handy craftsmen^
besides carpenters and masons, every day 100 men. Besides King
Edward 4th had of the said William 3000 marks for his peace to
be had in 2470 tonns of shiping, with the list of the ships.
14 English verses." See " Bristol Guide," 1794, p. 66.— Britton's
"* Historical Essay relating to Redcliffe Church, 1813."

80 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY

CLASS IX.

MEN OF GENIUS AND LEARNING.
G. CHAUCER.

^^ Al yogh his life he queynt^ ye resemblaunoe
Of him hay in me so fresh Uffyness,
Yatte to putte other men in remembraunce
Of his persone, I have here his lykenesse.
Do make to yis end in sothfastnesse^
Yat yei yat have of him left youg^t and myndc^
By yis peynture may again him finde.-'*

An exemplar Thomce OcclevCy in Ubro mcy de Rt
mine Principisy Wallice Principi (postea Hen. V.)
scripto. Ob. 1400. Mtat. 70. G. Verttce sc. larg/^
sh. One of the Set of the twelve Poet^.

Geoffrey Chaucer; Tho. Occlev€j content
et discipulus ejmdem Chauceriy ad viv. delin. Verttu
large h. sh.

Geoffrey Chaucer. Verttie sc. Bvo.

Geoffrey Chaucer, ?w-BfrcAV ^^ Lives. ^' ffoul
ken sc.

Geoffrey Chaucer, with Milton^ Butler, Cow
and Waller. Yertue sc. 8vo.

Geoffrey Chaucer, witkSpemer, Shakspeart,i
Johnson ; h. sh. mezz.

Geoffrey Chaucer; from the original in thep
lie library at Oxford; a small mezz.

Geoffrey Chaucer; "his portraiture and p
genie" (genealogy), with the tomb of Thomas Chati
esq. his son, on which are twenty coats of arms.

* These verses differ widely, in the speliing, from those in hb Life befoi
Works, 160 J, fol.

OF ENGLAND. 81

the upper ledge of the tomb is this ifiscription : " Hie
facet, Thomas Chaucer armiger^ quondam JDomi-
nus istius VUla, et Patronus istius ecclesia, qui obiit
Ikcemh. 13, 1434,* et Matildis u.vor efuSj Ap. 27,

1436."t -

Geoffrey Chaucer, by W. Finden; from a lim-
ning in Occleve's " De Regimihe PriricipiSy' preserved
in the Harleian Library.

The portrait is after the original of Occleve; the tomb, which, is
not near so entire as it is r^resented in the print,, is in. the church
of Ewelm, in Oxfordshire. In the same church is the tomb of the
Dutchess of Suffolk, daughter of Thomas Chaucer, esq.

Th^ curious print is prefixed to the life of G. Chaucer, before
hb Works, 1602, fol. We are therejnformed, that it ** was done
by M. Spede, who hath annexed thereto all such cotes of armes, OrSpeig
as any way concern the Chancers, as he found them (travailipg for
that purpose) at Ewelme, and at Wickham." — George Gre^wood,
of Chadeton, in Oxfordshire, esq. was said to have had an original
pictitto of O. Chaucer*

Dr. Timothy Thomas, author of the preface prefixed to Vrrfs
edbion of his Works, in a manuscript note, communicated to me by
my honoured friend, Jdm Loveday, esq. of Caversham, says of the
same portrait, that ** it is by no means certain, that it is a picture
of Chaucer." J

Hie great poet, whom antiquity and his own merit have contri-
bated to render venerable, is saidt to have been master of all the
kaming of his age. We see, and admire, in his works, the out-
lines of nature; but the beauty of colouring, and the delicate
touches, are now lost, as a great part of his language is grown ob-
solete. It is probable that his contemporaries fbiind little or no

* This inscription .disagrees with the date of his death, in the " Biographia
Bihannica.** He is there sud to have died the 28th of April, 1434.

. t The genoiiie inscription is in '* Leland's Itinerary," yoI. ii. p. 5.

X These verses are characteristic of his figare :

His stature was not very tall ;
liean he was, his legs were small ;
Hos'd within a stock of red :
A hutton'd bonnet en his head*

VOL. I. M

^ BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY

djisofiance* in bif verses ; but they are very ill acoommod^ted to
the ears of the present age.

JOHANNES GOWER; Anglorum Pacta, S^.
Vertue sc. large h. sh.

John Goweb, a small oval (Trotter) Simco, 1791.

John GoWER shooting at the world, in Strutt's " Re-
gal Antiquities,'' 56.

John Gower, by C Warren; from a limning in his
" Vojp Clamantis,'' preserved in the Cottonian Library.

Taken from his monumental effigy in St Mary Overie's church,
Southwark. The nose, which was broken off, has been added of
late years ; the head should, in strict propriety, have been repre-
aented without one. The engraver of the antiques of Fulvius Ur-
sinujB has, among the busts and cameos of gnany celebrated persons
of antiquityy given us the statue of Pindar without a head; to which
Mr. Piqpe ^lludes^

" And a true Pmdv stood withoot a head."

Oower, who, with Chaucer, helped to refine th^ finglish Jan-
gHHfg^^ J149 ^ver been e«teemie4 ^ ^^^ ^^ J»erit to him» of his co-
tan^r^ry po^t||. ge was author qf t^e ^' Confi^o Aaumtia*^ 19
AygUfllht ^ ** Spf^ouliw M^dijt^^" in French ; and the *' Vox

CHuiimtii'' w l4^.. P^ 1402. Mai. ^ire. SO.

CliASS X,

A&tlSTS, kc.

WILLIAM CAXTOJV ; the initials of his name are
in a cipher; invK Bagford, %vo.

William; Caxton; with his cipher in old black
capitals, small, cut in wood, for Ames's ^^ History of
Printing.^' -

* There is no dissonance when the verses are prononneed properly. Dr. Watts
imagOMid that w ytftrsi Urriblu, In Boilean, was prboonnced mjfttlires tmrtbUt, and
teveoii fiomwd a judgment on Fiench poesies. — Lord HuUes.

OP ENGLAND. 83

Caxton, who was bred a mercer, and was some time factor to the
mercer's company, in the Low Coantries, introduced and practised
the art of printing in England, in the reign of Edward the Fourth.
He translated many books from the French, which he printed him-
self, in Westminster Abbey, by permission of John Esteney, the
abbot.* The book <m " The Game of Chess," dated 1474, but
without Caxton's name, k generally reckoned th^ first production
of the Ei^Ibh press.f

. JOHANNES MABUSIUS ; with an imcriptian of
sU' Ldtin V€r9e9* This belongs to a set of Heads of
eminenl Painters j tng^dved by Henty Htmdius, 1^18,

M

JoHH Mabusji ; copied front the above^ in the ^^ Amc^
30a» of Paintingy" 4io.

Titeix is a head ofMabuse, and prints of other painters
that belong to the English series, in Sandrarfsfne booft.'!^

Mabose, a Oerman painter of great merit, came into England in
the reign of Henry VII. He painted a picture of that kingV mar-
lia^ wtih Elisabeth of Y(»rk» and the portraits of three of hU
(Mdren in one piece. The latter has been described in the first
Class. There is an engraving of the former by Crrignion, in the
''Aaecdotoi of Painting,'' Urotti the oiiginsd 9t Strawbekry HiB.

ALLEN STRAYLER, painter and illuminator of
MSS. in Strutfs « Dresses,"" plate 109.

• See Wkliiiore's «« Hist of Wentin. Abbey/' 1751, 4to.

t See an ezceDent note by Mr. Thomas Warton, in voL iS. p. f65-6, of lus
" Obsehrationtf on the Fairy Qoeen of Spenser.** Thb sets tiie character o^Caxtoii
ia Hs tme light.

. I la Ptel Fiehe^s •* Theatram Viiwiim Enidilicnie dflMmin," 9 vol. foL 1^80, ia
i.coi«ldeBahl0 UfuAbcr of English heads. They are done onch in the nanner of
tadrvt's. I ne?^ saw this book b«l m the Bodleian libraiy.

84 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY

CLASS XL ,

LADIES,

AND OTHERS OF THE FEMALE SEX.

MARGARET BROTHERTON, dutchess of Nor-
folk, in Strutfs " Regal Antiquities^^ plate ZQ.

'^ Margaret, Dutchess of Norfolk, daughter to Thomas of Bro-
therton, fifth son of Edward the First, was twice married. Her
first husband was John lord Segrave, who died in th6 27th year of
Edward the Third ; by whom she had no issue. She remarried^
and her second husband was Sir Walter Manny, knight of the '
garter, lord of the town of Manny, in the diocess of Cambray:
him she outlived, and died the 24th of March, in the first year of
Henry the Fourth* She put in her claim to the marshalship of '•
England at the coronation of Richard the Second." See StrutU

MARGARET DUTCHESS OF BURGUNDY,
sister of Edward IV. king of Englaind. T: Kerrish
del Facius sc. Ii804. An ancient picture, in the passa-
sion of 71 Kerrish^ M. A. ^c.

Margaret, with her husband, in the Paston Let-
ters.

Margaret, third daughter of Richard Duke of York, married
Charles the Bold, duke of Burgundy, who was sladn 1477. She
afterward lived among the Flemings with much dignity, as well as
economy, with the dowry which she inherited from her husband.
Her resentments and friendships were equally warm ; and, v^U
knowing the jealousy entertained by King Henry agamst ber
family, she determined to do all in her power to make him r^pebt;
for which purpose she hired a body of two thousand veteran 6e^
mans, under the command of Martin Swart, a brave and experi*
enced officer, and sent them to Ireland to joih Simnel, who was
crowned at Dublin as Edward V. but was afterward defeated at
the battle of Stoke, in the county of Nottingham. She then patro-
nized and supported the unfortunate Perkin Warbeck, acknow-
ledging him as her nephew and legitimate successor to the English
throne ; assigning Warbeck an equipage suitable to his pretensions, )

OF ENGLAND. 85

^d honouring him with the appellation of the White Rose of England.
His success is well known. She died 1503.

MARIA de St^ PAULO; Comitissa Pembroc.
hnd'. Aulce Pemb. A. D. 1343. J. Faber /. large
ito. mezz.

MARY COUNTESS OF PEMBROKE, with a
view of Pembroke Hall. E. Harding ^ 1801.

Mary Countess of Pembroke, in Strutfs " Re-
gal AntiquitieSj'' 55.

Mary of St. Paul was third wife to Aumer de Valence, earl of
Pembroke, who was killed, at a tilting, on the day of his marriage.

She soon after renounced the world, and devoted herself to
works of piety and charity.

EUSABETHA DE CLARE, Comitissa de Ulster,
ace, Aula Clarensis Fund'. 1326.* Faber f. 1714;
large Ato. mezz. E. Tabula in AulA Clarensi.

Elizabeth de Clare, countess of Ulster, with a
view of Clare Hall. E. Harding, 1801. in Wilson's
" Cambridge'^

Elizabeth, third sister of Gilbert Earl of Clare, and wife of John
deBur^, lord of Connaught, in Ireland. She founded Clare Hall,
in Cambridge, on the spot where University Hall had been built.
This was burnt down, by a casual fire, sixteen years after its erec-
tion. She also endowed it with lands sufficient to maintain one
master, ten fellows, and ten scholars.

CATHERINE, DUTCHESS OF NORFOLK,

from a drawing by Vertue, taken from her monument.

Catherine, daughter of William Lord Molines, first wife of John
Duke of Norfolk, who was killed at Bosworth, fighting on the side
of Richard III. This lady lies buried in the south part of the church
of Stoke, between the high altar and the choir, with this inscription
at the feet of her effigy : '^ Under this stone is buried the body of

* This is the date of the foundation of University Hall, by Richard Badcvr,
chancellor of the university of Cambridge. See " Cantabrigia Dcpicta," p. 30.

86 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY

the-rig^t honourable woman bnd ladle, some time wife tihto the
right high and mighty prince, Lord John Howard, dnk^of Noiielke,
and mother unto the right honourable and puissant prince Thomas
Howard, duke also of Norfolke ; which lady departed this present
life, Ann. Dom. 1451."

AGNES, DUTCHESS OF NORFOLK, from m
driginal picture by Hans Baldungy lSi3> /n the cotkc-
tion of Dr^ Farmer.

. Agnes Tilney, second wife of Thomas Howard ^ secDnd ixkt of
Norfolk, was daughter of Hugh Tilney, and sister and heir of Sir
Philip Tilney, of Boston, in the county of Lmeoin* She was mo-
ther of Lord William Howard, ancestor of the extinct earls of itfbt-
tingham, and of the present Earl of Effingham.

ROSAMOND CLIFFORD, fnm an ancient fie^
turej half sheet. Noble sc.

Rosamond Clifford^ /r(?m the same. R. Cooper
sc. Svo.

Rosamond Clifford (commonly called Fair Rosamond), was
daughter of Walter Lord Clifford^ and mistress or concubine to
Ring Henry H. ; by whom she had two sons, William Longne-esp^)
or Long-sword, earl of Salisbury ; and Geoffiry Bishop of lincdn,
afterward archbishop of York. She is Idid to hate died by poison
in 1177, administered by Queen Eieaiiior through jetttonsy ; bat
this is ably refhted by Carte, in his " History of Eng^Kod," rd. I
p. 662. who states, that through grief at the defeetion of her rojti
admirer on his marriage with Eleanor^ she retii^ from the worid,
and became a nun at Godstow, where she died, and bad n todb
erected to her memory, the remains of which are preserved to the
present time.

MRS. JANE SHORE, froyn the original picture
in Eaton College, by John Faber; large Atb. mezz^
The print, which is scarce, is dated 1483,. w MS,

Jane Shore, ffvm an original picture in the Pro-
vost's Lodge, at King's College, in Cambridge. Etched
by the Rev. Mr. Michael Tyson, Felloiv of C. C C. C
Ato. . V

OF ENGLAND. 87

Jane Shore, from iht original at Dr. Peckard'Sy
of Magd. Coll. Camb. origifialh/ in the possession of
Dean Colety in Harding's Shakspeare. F. Bartolozzi so.

Jane Shore, with naked breasts^ in the same. F.
Bartolozzi sc. 1790.

Jane Shore, mistress to Edward the Fourth, was the wife of a
substantial citizen of London. She was a woman of great beauty,
tnd of extraordinary accom^^lishments. '' There was nothing in
her body that you would have changed, unless you would have
wished her somewhat higher.*^ But her courtly behaviour, face-
tious conversation, and ready wit, were more attractive than her
person. It is recorded of her, that she could read and write ;t
qaaTifications very uncommon in that age. She employed all her
interest with Edward in relieving the indigent, redressing wrongs,
and rewarding merit. She met with cruel treatment after the death
oftkat monarch, and lived in great poverty and distress to the
eighteenth year of Henry VIIL The Dutchess of Montagu had a
k>ek of her hair, which looked as if it had been powdered with gold
dust — ^There is a good deal of history coneeming her in the ** fie-
Iiques of ancient English Poetry ,** vol. li. p. 248.

REMARKS ON DRESS.

The wearing of long hair during the reign of Edward the Con-
fessor was so common, that Bishop Wulston not only boldly in-
veighed against the custom, and severely reproached the people
for their effeminacy ; but when any one bowed down their head to
receive his blessing, before he gave it he cut off a lock of their
hair with a little sharp knife that he carried about him ; and com-
manded, by way of penance, that they should cut the rest of their
hair in the same manner, denouncing dreadful judgments against
SQch as disobeyed that injunction.

Bishop Wulston avoided all appearance of pride in his dress :
and though very wealthy, he never used any furs finer than lamb's

♦ Speed, p. 916, from Sir Thomas Mere's *' Life of Rich. Ill,"
t Ibid, from Sir T. More.

88 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY

skin for the lin'mg of his garments. Being blamed for such need-
less humility by Geoffry Bishop of Constans, that '' he ought to
wear those of sable, of beaver, or of £ox" he replied, " It may in-
deed be proper for you politicians, skilful in the affairs of this
world, to adorn yourselves with the skins of such cunning animals ;
but for me, who am a plain man, and not subject to change ray
opinion, the skins of lambs are quite sufficient/' Vide Strutts
" Habits," vol. i. p. 122.

In the time of Henry VI. the king's palace was surrounded by
little barbers' shops, under the direction of the barber of the house-
hold, &c. There being then no carriages, and the streets being
dirty, it is probable that those who went to court were first shaved
and dressed in these shops. — A considerable fee was given to this
barber for shaving every knight of the bath on his creation ; forty
shillings from every baron; 100 shillings from every earl; and
ten pounds from every duke.

Stow says, that the ancient covering of men's heads was hoods ;
and that before the time of Henry VII. neither cap nor hat is
spoken of. In this reign square bonnets came into use, and were
worn by noblemen, gentlemen, citizens, and others. Henry VIII.
wore a round flat cap of scarlet, or of velvet, as did the citizens,
&c. &c.

OF ENGLAND. 89

APPENDIX

TO

THE FIRST ARTICLE.

FOREIGN PRINCES,

WHO VEKE KNIGHTS OF THE GARTER, &C.

SIGISMUNDUS, Romanorum rex ; a large me- Bom lat

Oh \A3ll

dallion. In Goltzius's " Series of the Emperors" done
in clare obscure.

Sigismund, emperor of Germany, and king of Hungary and Bq-
hernia, was installed knight of the garter at Windsor^ 1416. He
caused John Huss, and Jerome of Prague, in violation of a safe
conduct which he had given them, to be burnt at the council of
Constance. Ob, 1437.

PHILIPPUS Burgund. Cogn. Bonus. C. Van
Sichem sc. Whole length, in Grimestone's " History
of the Netherlands r fol.

There is a better portrait of Philip^ and of several
ether foreigners who have been knights of the garter,
^c, in " Hadriani Barlandi Hollandice Comitum His*
toria et Icones,'' Lugd. Bat. 1584,/o/. In *^ Meter am
Historia Belgica" are also good portraits, which belong
io this division, and the reign of Queen Elizabeth.

Philip Burgund, Bonus Dux, Ato. de Jode ex.

Philip Burgund, Bonus Dux, fol. Soutman. J.

Louys sc.

Philip was elected knight of the garter, but never invested with Elect. R
the ensigns, on account of a quarrel betwixt him and Humphrey, '*®"* ^'

VOL. I. N

Hen. YI.

90 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY

duke of Gloucester.* — His popularity gained him the appellation
of Good ; but there are few princes who have been less scrupulous
' of sacrificing the tranquillity of their country and the lives of their
subjects to their private ambition. He was the great aggrandizer
of the house of Burgundy, and was possessed of five dukedoms,
fifteen earldoms, and many lordships. — He instituted the order of
the golden fleece. Ob, 1467.

ALBERTUS 11. D. G. Romanorum rex ; a large
medallion ; in the Continuation of Goltzius^s " Series of
the Emperorsy

ElecL^R. Albert is in the list of the knights of the garter; as he was
elected into that order, but was never installed. He reigned only
one year ; and was, during that short period, embroiled with the
Hussites. Ob. 1439.

CAROLUS, Dux Burgund. C. Van Sichem sc.
whole length. From Grimestone's " History of the
Netherlands ;" fol.

Charles the Bold, or the Hardy, the last Duke of Burgundy, son
of Philip the Good, was remarkable for his haughtiness and pre-
cipitate courage. His father was thought to have exerted as much
wisdom in curbing the impetuous spirit of his son, and keeping
him within the bounds of duty and respect, as he did in extending
his dominions. He married Margaret, sister to Edward IV. in his
father's lifo'^time, when he was earl of Charolois. Charles, who
bad often signalized himself as a soldier, was, in 1476, bravely de-
feated by the Swiss, at the battle of Morat.

It is observable, that a church was built near the place, of the
Ixmes of the Burgundians that fell in that memorable battle. Ob»
1478. JEtai. 46. See more of him in '' The Spectator,** No. 491.

MAXIMILIANUS, Rom. rex ; a large medallion;
in the Continuation of Goltzius's " Series of the Em-

Maximilianus Austriacus^ &c. Lucas Van Ley-
den. Con. Visseher sculp, sheets fine.

a4 »

'I

... * See JiiQK BLINK, in the first Clusa.

.r OF ENGLAND. 91

^ Maximilianus I. in an oval. J. M. Gaillard, Svo.

^f' MAXiMiLiANVSfScc. small, anonymous. Vorsterman.

'^ Maximilianus, &c. on horseback^ dressed for a
j^ immament. H. Burghnairj in chiara scuroy 1608;
mrce.

Maximilian, &c. mez. C. Tmifier.

Maximilian. L. van Leyden, 1520 ; order of the
pldenfUecey arms at bottom, large quarto.

Burgkmair engraved a set of two hundred and thirty-seven
plates, entitled Des Wey*s Koneg^ or the Wise King. The principal
actions of the Emperor Maximilian I.— and a set of thirty-eight
plates of the triumphal entry of Maximilian L

Maiimilian L grandfather to Charles V. well knowing that to
loothe the vanity of Henry VIII. was to take him by the right
handle, served under him as a common soldier, for a hundred
crowns a day, at the siege of Terouenne. Henry was very near
being egregiously duped by this monarchy under a pretence that
he would resign the imperial crown to him ; though, at the same
thne, he was meditating, by dint of bribery, to add to it the papal
tiara. Some parts of Maximilian's conduct are shining, some mean,
and others ignominious. The curious reader may see a character-
' istic account of this little great man, and his ridiculous writings,
• in the fourteenth number of " The World." He was a much better
^ silversmith than author. At the Escurial, is an embossed pot for
^ holy water, and a crucifix, of his manufacture. Maximilian was
installed knight of the garter, by the Marquis of Brandenburgh,
^ his proxy, in the reign of Henry VII. He married Mary, daughter
^ and heir of Charles the Bold ; by which marriage, and that of his
son Philip, with Joan, daughter of Ferdinand and Isabella, the im-
mense dominions of Spain and Burgundy devolved to his grandson
Charles ; and the house of Austria began to threaten the liberties
of Europe. Ob. 1519.

Maximilian said of himself, ** That whereas other princes were
Reges Hominum, he was truly Rex Regum ; because his subjects
would do only what they listed.'* Anstis's " Register of the Gar*
ter,"ii.p. 316.

.«

92 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY

FOREIGN PRINCES, 8cc.

WHO HAVE BEEN IN ENGLAND.

LOVYS VI L Roy de France; a mtdallim. Jaciim
de Bie sc. h. sh.

■

Lewis VII. who makes a much more considerable figure in Ae
Lives of the Saints, than in the annals of France, ivas as wellknoim ']
for his weakness as a bigot, as Eleanor his queen* ^fas forber
frailties as a woman* He was deep in the abject superstition d
the age ; was a crusader^ and a pilgrim. His veneration foi^ Becked
rose to enthusiasm, and extended itself even to his a$hes« He made
a pilgrimage to England, on purpose to visit the shrine of that saint
He died in September, 1 180.

JEAN, Roy de France ; a medallion^ in the Series ;^
hf De Bie; h. sh.

Crowned . john, king of France, a prince of eminent valour and many good
1331. qualities, was taken prisoner by the Black Pxince, in the battle of
Poictiers, and brought into Ejagland, where he was confined in the
^avoy. It was abpye four years before he could raise 60,0001. in
part of his ransom. Charles, his son, was the first that bore the
title of Dauphin, from the reunion of the province of Dauphiny to
the crown. John died at London 1364, soon after bis retuato
England. It was conjectured, that he came to vbit the -Countess of
Salisbury, one of the most beautiful women of her age, with whom
he V7as known to be in love. The noble maxim of this prince,
'* That if good faith should be totally abandoned by the rest of
mankind, it ought still to find a place in the breast of princes,*' is
well known.

HADRIANUS V. Papa Romanus; I. Bapt. de
Cavaleriis, sc. 8vo.

Adrian V. a Genoese, of the Ottoboni family, was created a car*
dinal by Innocent IV. his uncle, 1251 ; and sent legate into Eng-
land, to reconcile tienry III. and his barons. He was advanced
to the pontificate 12th July, 1276 ; but died in thirty-six days after
his election.

* Afterward married to Henry II. of England.

-cidsu-UXJontJb^ aubrt^ttuccjCmsfJiMsJrJitSam.bmt' dsa.
Qmmamdmms djs3^9y-fZnhSS^^ S Vir.e^L6VIS.XI.

is/A StfUimbwl 4,7 4..

ri£NN£»:Glietdiar; *' Seigneur du Vignaa,'
mifli le'Gtate^ «t ftiil3«B^ tiduxj 66fl8ein6k' tt

lire des commandemens des roys Charles \IT.
is XI, et leur ambassadeur en Angleterre, e^
lie; decede le 3 Septemhre, 1474." Shofi
lelcind of coUar of fur loujid his neck.
ISnne, Cbevalier, &c. W. Richardson.

«

AS SYLVIUS Picolomineus, dictus Pius IF.',
Jn, Boissard, small Ato. ^

flvius, afterward pope Pins II. who was a native af
J tbe territory of Sienna, was descended from thai
ti family. He succeeded Calistus III. in the pontificate,
e was R singular ornament. He was an excellent poeUl
Ire orator, a wise politician, aod b pious, honest, and b^
an. He was employed in the capacities of secretar])^
, and legate, in several embnssiefi. It appears, at pj
I works, that lie was in Scotland iu the reign of James I,
»!Beively bishop of Triesita and Sienna; was advanced
Itile in 1456 ; and, soon after, on tbe ground erf his meri^
J throne. He bad himself a particular regard to merit
ing dignities. One of hie favourite maxims was, ti
^t to be presented to dignities, and not dignities
> died tiie 13th of August, 1464. His prose works, id
1 contain 1086 pages in folio, were printed at Basil is
1 to this volume are lives of bitn, written by diifereni ^

ilPPUS COMMINEZ, Argentoni Dominus,
trialis's " Museum Historicum" p. 29. There
i head of him before the English translation of
mrs, 8m 1G74.
(Lrppus CoMMiNEz. Aubcrt sc.
[tijipu* CoMMBNis. Gain sC.
Hippus CouMBNis. C. Vermeukn.

■.X^,' vfao was a gr^at master of king-craftj'femployed FbOip
tiuei, a moet able mioister, in embassiea.to> almost ereiy

94 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY

court of Europe. He tells us himself, in his Memoirs, that he was
sent to that of England in the reign of Edward IV. Comines, vho
was formed as a writer more from experience than learning, is
esteemed one of the most sagacious historians of his own, or any
other age. He penetrated deeply into men and things ; and knew,
and exemplified, the insignificancy of human grandeur. He saw
the inside of the tapestry ; and found, that, with all its gaudy co-
lours, it created disgust, as much as it excited admiration. He has
been ranked in the same class with Tacitus. The English reader
will be particularly interested in his account of the expulsion of his
countrymen from France, in the reign of Charles VII. Imperialis
informs us, that he died tired of the world ; but does not mention
the time of his death, which was in 1509. I ha^e placed him here
as an ambassador.

JEAN FROISSARD, Historien: De Larmessimc.
Ato. size. In ^^ Academic dcs Sciences et des Arts,'* par
Bullart, 1682, /o/.*

Jean Froissard ; a small oval. Thane.

John Froissard, a native of Valenciennes, an able historian;
who, to gain intelligence, had visited the courts of several princes,
came over to England in the reign of Edward 111. to offer to Phi-
lippa, his countrywoman, the first part of his History. She received
him and his work graciously, and rewarded him like a queen. Frois-
sard hath written the life of this amiable princess. He hath been
accused of being lavish of his panegyric on the English, and too
sparing of it on his own countrymen. La Popeliniere, if the accn-
sation be just, hath accounted for it, by saying, that he received
nothing for his labours from the French, but was rewarded with a
good pension by the English. He died 1402. His Chronicle was
translated from the French into English by John Bouchier, knigfat,
Lord Bemers, at the command of Henry VIII. and printed in f<^o,
by Pinson, 1525.t

* In this book are various heads of foreigners, which may have a place in the
English series.

t There is a good account of him in 0Idys*8 " British Librarian," p. C^ikc At
p. 70, it appears that he was a clerk of the bed-chamber to Queen Philippa, and
that he was knighted and beneficed in England. He raaj therefore be placed vitli
the clergy. — It is much to be lamented, that Froissard 's complete work, rerouuing
at Breslau in MS., has never been printed : what we have in print is an abridg-
ment. — Lord Hailes,

OF ENGLAND. 95

HENRY VIII.

BEGAN HIS REIGN APRIL 22, 1509.

CLASS I.

THE ROYAL FAMILY.

HENRICUS VIII. Holbein p. Hollar/, ex Collect.
Arundel. 1647. \2mo.

H£NRicus VIII. H. Holbein p. Faber (sen.) f. one
of the Set of Founders, large Ato.

There is another, if not more of him, by the same
hand; and a large h. sh. mezz. by his son, after Holbein.

Henry viii. Holbein p. Houbraken sc. h. sh. Illust.
Head.^

Henry viii. Holbein p. Vertue sc. h. sh.

A most curious print o/^Henry viii . inscribed ^'Hen-
rims, Dei Gratia, Rea: Angliae, 1548," engraved by Cor-
nelius Matsis, the initial letters of whose name are in two
ciphers ; one in the right position, and the other inverted.
He has a most enormous fur tippet about his neck, which
seems to be sunk into his shoulders. The like?iess is so
ridiculous, that it has much of the air of a Caricatura.

It is very scarce.

Henricus viii. 8vo. From Hollands " Heroologia
Anglica.''

Henricus Octavus ; F. Delaram sc. 4to. — Another
by J. Payne.

* The collar, which was commonly called the inestimable Collar of Rubies, is
represented in this print ; it was sold for Charles I. in the time of the civil wars« by
the Duke of Buckingham and the Earl of Holland.

96 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY

Henry VIII. Regemdediiratuseis.Bvo. T. Cecil sc,

Henricus VIII. W, F. (Faithorne) f. \to. Frontis-
piece to Lord Herberts Hist.

Henri viii. Vander Werffp. G. Valck sc. h. sh.

Henri viii. Vander Werffp. P. a Gunst. sc, h. sh.

Vander Werff drew sixty-seven portraits for Mons. Larrey's
" History of England," which were engraved by Valk, Gunst^
Vermeulen, B. Audran, Ch. Simmoneau, P6ter Drevet, and Des-
rochers.

Henricus Octavus ; inscribed " H. O. J?." Vertue
sc. small.

Henrick de viii. &c. small 4to,

Henry viii. givi?ig the Bible to the Clergy, Sfc. in
the Jine frotitispiece to Cranmefs Bible, printed by R.
Grafton and E. Whitchurch, 1539 : it was desigfied by
Holbein. There is a copy of it, with a large explanation,
in Lewis s " History of the English Translatio7is of the
Bible,'' 8vo. p. 1 24. Copied in StrutC^ ^* Dresses^"

' Henry Viii. EDtrARD vi. Philip and Mary, and
Elizabeth, with emblematical figures. TT*. Rogers sc.
Mr. Walpole never saw but one of these prints, besides
his^bum, and that was in the King of France's library^

Henry viii. giving the charter to the surgeons' com-
pany; Holbein p. Baron sc. large sh.

This company was incorporated 1541, 32 Hen. VIII.

Henricus viii. Fund^. Coll. Trinit. Cantab. -4*.
D*. 1546. J. Faber f large 4to. mezz.

This is after his portrait at Trinity College.

Henry the Eighth, and Jane Seymour his queen.
See Artie. I. Class I.

Henry viii. with view of Trinity College, in Wil-^
i *^ Cambridge,'^ 6vo. E. Harding, ISOi.

f

OF ENGLAND. «7

H£NBY VIII. in Hume's '^ England^ 1803. Bromky.

Henry viii. oval^ when prince. W. Richardson.
This is copied from the children of Henry VIL by
Vertue.

Henry viii. in " Royal and Noble Authors,'' by
Park, 1806. Bocquet,

Henry VIII. in Harding* sShakspeate* Clausin.

Henry viii. toith sc^tre and ball (different from
Delarurns) : are to be sold in Lombard Street by Henry
Balaem; scarce.

Henry viii. on horseback, hat and feather, wood-
cut; folio; rare.

Henry viii* in the Antiquarian print, with Hemy
VII.^c

Henry viii. his children, and Will. Summers.
F. Bartolozzi sc.

This despotic monarch held the nation in greater subjection than
any of its conquerors; and did more by his will, than any of his
predecessors could have done with the sword. He was, in his own
estimation, the wisest prince in Europe ; but was the known dupe
of as many of the European princes as paid their court to him
under that character. He was more governed by vanity and ca-
price than principle ; and paid no regard to mercy, nor even to
justice, when it stood in the way of his fissions. He persecuted
both protestants and papists ; and gained the character of a gene-
rous and munificent prince, by dividing the spoils of the church, to
which he had no right. His whole administration, after he was
possessed of those spoils, is a flagrant proof of the impotence of
law, when opposed to the violence of arbitrary power. But, though
a tyrant, he, by depressing the nobility, and increasing the property
of the Commons, had a considerable hand in laying the foundations
of civil liberty ; and, though a bigot to almost every error of the
chucch of Rome, he was the father of the Reformation.

CATHARINA princeps. Arthuri uxor, Henrica
regi nupta; Holbein p. R. White sc. h. sh.

VOL. I. O

98 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY

Catharine of Arragon ; Holbein p. Hmbrakeii sc.
1743. h. sh. Illust. Head,

In the collection of the Honourable Horace Walpole.

Catharine d' Arragon; Vander Werff p. Vermeu-
left sc. h. sh.

Catharine, in Harding's Shakspeare. S. Harding
sc. From the original at Strawberry Hill.

Catharine; small oval. Vertue.

Catharine, in ''Noble Authors,'* by Park. Bocquet.

As soon as the person of Catharine became unacceptable to the
king» he began to entertain scruples about the lawfulness of his
marriage, which were much increased by his consulting casuists,
particularly the works of St. Thomas Aquinas, whose authority he
thought decisive. His passion for Anne Bolen added weight to all
these, and was more decisive than the casuistry of St. Thomas him-
self.— She was divorced in 1533. Ob. 8 Jan. 1535-6. JEtat. 51;

ANNA BULLEN (Bolen) ; a circle; Holbein delin.
Hollar/. l2mo.

Ann Bvllzv, queen of King Henry VIII. Hd-
iAi p. HaubrikeH sc. Illust. Head.

In tlM cdllectioB of the late Earl of Bradford.

Airy BoLfekr. F. Delaram sc. rare.
Ann fioLETN ; Elstracke sc.
' AUNfe DB Boulen; Vmder Werff p. Vermeulen sc.

m

• HsNftT the Eighth declaring his passimi for Anne
Bauir ; Hogarth p. et sc. sh.

Axil BuLLEN, whfde lengthy as Faith. H. Holbein.
M. HoUarftai, 1647 ; scarce.

Akne BvLlBK ; Bocgutt sc. In '' Noble Authors,'*
L Airit. 1806, 8m.

na ■» poMnk of licr ■! Wobum Abbey.

OF ENGLAND: 99

This beauteous queen fell a sacrifiice io the violent passions of
Henry the Eighth ; to his anger for bringing him a dead son ; to
Iiis jealousyi for the innocent, but indiscreet familiarities of her
behaviour ; and, above all, to his passion for Jane Seymour, whom
he married the next day after she was beheaded.-^Exec. 19 May
1536.

JOHANNA SEYMOUR, regina Henric. VIII.
Holbein p. Hollar f. 1648; in a circle.

JaneSeymouk; Ulust. ffead.

Jane Setmour: see her portrait in the family-
piece descrifoed in Article I. Class I.

Jane Seymour ; H. Holbein. F. Bartolozzi sc.
1795 ; in the Royal Collection.

Jane Seymour, fol. Vermeulen sc.

Ja^« SeYMOUE ; W* Bond sc. From the original of
Holbein, in the collection of his Grace the Duke of Bed-
ford J in Lodgers ** Illustrious Portraits.*^

Jane Seymour was the best beloyed wife of Heni^ VHJ. an4
had indeed the best title to his affection^ as she possessed more
merit than any «f his queens* She died in childbed of Edward Yh
14 Oct. 1537. The king continued a widower two years after h^
decease.

CATHABJNE HOWARD ; H. Holbein pins. HoU
larf. 1646 ; richly adorned; ^vo.

Oatharin* Howaep, queen of Kwig H^nry VIJL
Holbein p. Houbrakm 4C. Jlfycstp Jffead. In the colhcr
tvm of Mr. Richardson.

It'is now at Strawberry-hill.

Vertue took this head for that of Mary, queen of France.— See
^ AnQod- iof Fainting/' vol. i. p. 95. 2d edit.

Cathai^ink HowAjiD ; Vander Werff. p. Vermeulen
sc. h, )sh»

Catharine Howard was niece to the Duke of Norfolk, and cousin-
german to Anae Boleh* Sow «fter .the king had ordered a public

100 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY

thanksgiving to be offered up, for his happiness with this queen,
she was executed for incontinence. Beheaded 12 Feb. 1541-2.

ANN of Cleves; Holbein p. Houbrahen sc. 1733.
Illust. Head. In the collection of Thomas Barret, esq.

This is said to be the portrait which was done in Germany for
the king.

Anna Clivensis ; Hollar f. 1648 ; A. sh.

Anne de Cleves; Vander Werff p. Vermetden sc.
h. sh.

Ann of Cleves; H. Holbein. F. Bartolozzi sc. 1796.
in the Royal Collection.

Ann of Cleves, twoy by Hollar; one a profile.

The portrait of Anne Cleves, drawn by the flattering hand of
Holbein, was not unpleasing to the king ; but her ungracefal be-
haviour shocked his delicacy at first sight ; and he peevishly asked
if '< they had brought him a Flanders' mare.'' He was soon di-
vorced from her, upon several frivolous pretences ; one of which
was, that he had not inwardly given his consent when he espoused
her. Oft. 16 July 1557.»

CATHARINE PARRE ; Vander Werff p. Vermeu-
len sc. h. sh.

Catherine Pare; from the original in Lambeth
Palace, in Herbert's " History of the Palace,'' 4to.
1806.

Catherine Parr; Holbein p. Bocquet sc. in Park's
" Rx>yal and Noble Authors," 1806.

Catherine Parr ; oval, in a sqtcare frame (B.
Reading). W. Richardson.

Catherine Parr; with her autograph ; from the
picture at Lambeth. J. Thane.

Catherine Parr; W. N. Gardiner sc. 1793.

* She died at Cheiiea« her usual place of residence.

OF ENGLAND. lOl

Catherine Parr, inscribed Catherine Principes,
&c. Holbein. R. White sc. in Burners " History of
the Reformation^^

Catherine Parr ; H. Meyer sc.from the original
of Holbein in the collection of Dawson Turnery esq.
A.M. F.R. A. L.S. in Lodgers " Illustrious Portraits. ^^

There is an original whole length of her at Lord Denbigh's, at
Newnham Padox. Mr. Walpole had a small one like it, by Hol-
bein. Dr. Ducarel informed me, that the picture of her, on boards
m the long gallery at Lambeth, is much like her print in Larrey*3
History. The portrait at Windsor, with the king and his children,
is doubtful.

Catharine Parre was widow of Nevil Lord Latimer. She was a
woman of merit, but very narrowly escaped the block for tamper-
ing with religion. She was, presently after the king's decease,
married to the Lord Admiral, brother to the Protector Somerset. —
The Rev. Mr. Huggett, a very accurate antiquary, has given un-
doubted authority for the death of this queen,* at the castle of
Sadley, in Gloucestershire, Sept. 5, 1548, and for her interment in
the chapel there. These particulars were desiderata in her history,
as it appears from Ballard's '' Memoirs," p. 96.

MARIA princeps, Henrici VIII. regis Anglise filia;
E. Holbein p. W. Hollar f ex collect ione Arundeliana;
1647, in a circle.

Mary was daughter of Henry VIII. by Catharine of Arragon.

The Princess ELIZABETH ; Holbein p. 1551. /.
Faberf 1741. Whole lengthy mezz. large h. sh.

The painting was in the collection of the late James West, esq.f
Elizabeth was daughter of Henry VIII. by Anne Bolen.

* Who is supposed to have died by poison, administered, as it is believed, bj
W profligate husband. Her leaden coffin being opened in 1782, her face, and even
^er eyes, appeared in a state of uncommon preservation. — See Archaeologia, vol. ix.

t Mr. Walpole always doubted whether this was a portrait of the Princess Eliza-
^th. It may possibly be no portrait, but an emblematical picture of a good wife.
^'' Bull informs me, that ht lately saw a very curious painting, similar to that of

102, BIOGRAPHICAL. HISTORY

These two last princesses^ who succeeded to the throne^ were de-
clared illegitimate by act of parliament, in this reign ; and by a
subsequent act, the succession was limited to them, on failure of
issue from Prince Edward.

MARGUERITE; A. Vander Werffp.G. Valcksc.
Four French verses; h, sh.

Margaret, queen to James IV. of Scotland ; small
oval. J. Thane.

Margaret, in the print with her brother Prince
Arthur, &c.

Margaret, front face^ head dressed withJemeUy Jgc.
See James iv.

There is a very ^od picture of Margaret at Hampton Court,
whole length ; and tinother^ with her second or thhrd husband, was
at the Earl of Scarborough's, in Audley Street : it is now at the
Marquis of Bute's.

Margaret, wife of James IV. and mother of James V, king of
Scotland, was eldest sister to Henry Vlii. Her second marriage
was with Archibald Douglas, earl of Angus, who had by her a
daughter, named Margaret, married to Matthew Stuart, eail of
Lenox, by whom she was mother of Henry Lord Damley; the un-
fortunate husband of the more unfortunate Queen of Scots. After
her divorce from the Earl of Angus, she was married to Henry
Stuart, brother to the Lord Avindale,

MARIE d'Angleterre, 3. Epouse dn Roy Louis
XII. 4e son portrait^ de Londres : in " IKstaire de France
par MezerayT 3 tom.fol. 1646. The prints in Mexe^

Mr. West's; and round the old frame, now altered to a giU one, Jthe ibllewkig

lines : —

Uxor amet, sileat, servet, nee ubiqoe vagelur :

Hoc Testado docet, Claves, Labra junctaqae, Tiutor.

The print is exactly described by tbese verses. The picture was part of the Lexing-
ton 'Collection, and now belongs to Xord George Sutton, who inherits Lord Lexing-
ton's estate. There is a tradition in the family, that the portrait was painted at
the request of Sir Thomas More, who add^dthe verses; and that it is one of his
daughters. At the bottom were these words, " -Hsc tatlis fuit;" - *

i

OF ENGLAND. , 103

rajfs History tvere engraved by Jaqtces de Bie, but are
without his name*

Mary, queen of France, in Brydges* " History of
Peers:'

Mary, queen of France, and Charles Brandon,
duke of Suffolk ; G. Verttie sc. From an original in
the possession of the late Earl of Granville. — It is now
at Strawberry-hill. — On the right hand of the Duke of
Suffolk is his lance, appendant to which is a label, in-
scribed,
• • • f

'^ Cloth of gold, do not despite,
Tho' thou be matched with cloth of frize :
Clodi of frize, be not too bold,
Tho' thou be match'd with cloth of gold.''

Large sh.

Maiy, queen of France, youngest sister to Henry V III. was one
of the most beautiful women of her age. It is pretty dear, that
Charles Brandon gained her affections before she was married to
Lewis XII. ; as, soon afler the death of that monarch, which was
in about three montiis after his marriage, she plainly told him, that
if he did not free her from all her scruples within a certain time^
she would never marry him. His casuistry succeeded within the
time limited, and she became his wife. This was probably with
the king^s connivance. It is however certain, that no other sub-
ject dufst have ventured upon a queen of France, and a sister of
the implacable Henry the Eighth. Ob. 1533.

CHARLES BRANDON, duke of Suffolk ; E.
Harding, jun^^sc. in Harding* s Shakspeare.

Charles Bkandon, &c. with cat beard; in a circle.
Hollar, 1649.

Charles Bsanddk, &c, E. Scriven sc. in Lodge's
" Illustrious Portraits:'

* In this book are variottS portraits that may be taken into the Engliili series.

104 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY

Charles Brandon, with Mary, queen of France;
G. Vertue sc. f

Charles Brandon was remarkable for the dignity and graceful- !

ness of his person^ and his robust and athletic constitution. He '•

distinguished himself in tilts and tournaments, the favourite exer- |.

cises of Henry. He was brought up with that prince, studied bis \

disposition, and exactly conformed to it. That conformity gra- ^

dually brought on a stricter intimacy ; and the king, to bring him i

nearer to himselfi raised him from a private person to a duke. i

ii

KING OF SCOTLAND.
JAQUES V. a bust; Vander Werff p. P. a Gunst.
sc. h. sh.

James v. king of Scotland ; Clark sc. 8vo.

James v. Svo. Gaywood sc.

James v. in the set of Stuarts.

James v. in " Noble Authors^'' by Park, 1806.

James v. on horseback, tvood-cut, folio; rare.

James v. in Pinkerton's ^* Scotch History'' Harding.

Jacobus v. D. G. Scotiae Rex. Slic German verses,

by Peter Myragenis ; 8t;o.

James v. of Scotland ; small oval. J. Thane.

James V. was a prince of great personal courage, and of un-
common talents for government; but he was not able, with all his
prudence and vigour, to wrestle with domestic faction and a foreign
enemy at the same time. He died in the flower of his age, of
grief, occasioned by the defeat of his army by the English. This
was more owing to the divisions which prevailed among the Scots,
than to the courage or conduct of the enemy. Ob. 14, Dec. 1542,
Mt. 33. He was the author of the famous ballad of '* Christ's
Kirk on the Green \'* to which Mr. Pope alludes in his imitation
of the first Epistle of Horace :

« A Scot will fight for Christ's kiik o'the green."

* So Bishop Gibson and Bishop Tanner tell us; bat Dr. Percy says, that it has
all the internal marks of an earlier age. If the matter in question rests upon internal
evidence. Dr. Percy was nnqnestionablj the beat judge.

.OP ENOLAN1X 106

MADELEINE de Vnnce, Vender Werf p. P. a
Crunst. sc: h. sh.

, Magdalen, eldest daughter of Francis I. a woman of an elegant
person, but a sickly constitution, espoused James V. 1 Jan. 1537,
The marriage was celebrated at Paris with such pomp and magni*
ficence as had scarcely ever been displayed on tbe like occasion in
France.* This young queen died of a fever on the 22d of July
the same year.f James espoused to his second wife Mary of Lor-
ndn,t dutchess dowager of Longueville.

MARY, &c. queen of Scotland; a muill oval, ie-
longing to a set of Scottish kings.

Marie de Lorraine. Vander Werff p. P. a Gunst.
sc. in Larrejfs " History. ^^

Mary, &c. in Pinkerton's ** Scotch History^' Hard^.
ing sc.

There is a head of her at Newbottle^ the Marquis of Lothian^s^ t^
few miles from Edinburgh.

Mary, queen of James V. and after his demise regent of Scot-
land, was a woman of superior understanding, and of an elevated
qiirit. Her great qualities w^re happily tempered with the gentle
and tiie amiable; and she was as engaging as a woman, as she was
ai^rful as a queen. But her attachment to her brothers, the prmcef
aS Lorrain, who were rarely checked by conscience in the career of
their ambition, unfortunately betrayed her into some acts of rig6ur
and oppression, that ill suited the gentleness of her nature, aB4
which ended in her b.eing depriwsd of the regency. Tow^sth^
close of her life, she saw and deplored the errors of her condiict;
liie eilects of private afiection coinciding with zeal for religfon^

. * See an accoant of die nMrriage, aiid a list of die aany rich pieients nt^ by
Francis to Jamei, in Guthrie's " Hist, of Scotland," toI. v. p. 165, 166.

t Keith, in his 'f History of the Affairs of. Church and State in SooUand," s^ys* ihat
" by her gracious deportment the little time she was among us, she had so gained the
hearts and affections of persons of all ranks and conditions, that her death was much
lamented ; and^ for a testimony of their sorrow, they put on mourning ; wbioh,'ai
Mr. Buchanan judges, was the first time that mourning clothes were womin Scot-
land." It seems as if (his custom was first brought thither from Jrance.

X Sometimes called Mary of Guise. The family oi Guise wasa branch of thf^
of Lorrain.

VOL. I. P

106 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY

which prompted her to break the common ties of morality, and the
faith which she owed her subjects. Ob. 10. Jun. 1560.

Her daughter Mary, born in an evil hour, lived to experience the
advantages and the miseries of royalty in a still more exquisite de-
gree than her mother.

CLASS IL

GREAT OFFICERS OF STATE, AND OF

THE HOUSEHOLD.

SIR THOMAS CROMWELL, &c. Holbein p.
engraved by Peacham^ author of the " Complete Gentle-
many This print i» rery rare.

Sir Thomas Cromwell, knt. Holbein p. The
bottom was etched by Hollar ; 4to.

Thomas Cromwell, comes Essexiae. H. Hol-
bein p. R. White so. h. sh. This nearly resembles
the portrait of Sir Thomas More in the Picture
Grallery at Oxford, which was done by Mrs. Mary
More.

Thomas Cromwell, earl of Essex. Holbein p.
Houbrahcn sc. Illust. Head. In the possession of Mr.
Southwell, at King's Weston, near Bristol.

There is a mezzotinto^ in Ato. by Manwaring, copied
fiam this print.

Tbomas Ceomwellus; m the '* Heroologia;' 8vo.

Thomas Cromwell. J. Filian sc. 4to.

Thomas Cromwell, earl of Essex ; in Harding's
^^fhe^cispeare. Holbein pin. L. Schiavonetti sc.

• ." . ■

'''hohas Cromwell, earl of Essex; in Smollett's
tory." (R. Strange sc.)

OF ENGLAND. 107

Thomas Cromwell, earl of Essex. W. Hall sc.
1815. From the original, by Holbein, in the collection
if Sir Tho. Clifford, bart. in Mr. Lodge's " Illustrious
Portraits.''

Cromwell, vicegerent; in Larreys ** Histtyry^

Thomas Cromwell was the son of a blacksmith at Putney, and
some time served as a soldier in Italy under the Duke of Bourbon.
He was afterward secretary to Cardinal Wolsey, and ingratiated
himself with Henry VIII. by discovering that the clergy were pri-
vately absolved from their oath to him« and sworn anew to the
pope. This discovery furnished the king with a pvetenoe for the
suppression of monasteries, in which Cromwell was a principal in-
strument. The king, whose favours, as well as his mercies, were
cruel, raised him to a most envied pitch of honour and preferment,
a little before his fall. He first amused him with an agreeable
prospect, and then pushed him down a precipice. Cromwell, as
vicegerent, had the precedence of all the great officers jof statue.
Beheaded July 28, 1540.*

THOMAS MORE, lord-chancellor. See a de-
*scription of his portrait with the lawyers, in Class
VI., which I have assigned for the chancellors, as
tdmost all of them owed their preferment to the law.

THOMAS HOWARD, dux et comes Norfolciae,
&c. comes marescallus, summus thesaurarius, et admi-
rallus AngluBj S^c. JEt. 66. Ob. 1554. In a furred
gown, holding the staves of earl-marshal and lord-trea-
surer. Holbein p. Vorsterman sc. h. sh.'\

The original, from which this fine print was done, is in fhe«ol<-

* In StoVt " Surrey," p. 187, edit 1633, is a remarkable instance of his rapine,
in seizing on another's property, which shews that he forgot himself after bis eleva-
tion. Bat the story of his gretitode to Frescobald, a Florentine merchant, who bad
lieen extremely charitable to him when a poor foot-soldier in Italy, and was nobly
drewarded when he found him, many years afterw9Fd, in a distressful condition, In
the streets of London, tells greatly to his honour. See Hakewil's *' Apqlogici,"
p. 435, edit. 1630.

t The plate engraved by Vorsterman was lately discovered. The print was befQj:^
#ery scarce*

108 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY

« 1

Jection which b^loDged to the late Princess Dowager of Vales,
There is a copy of it at Gorhambury, the seat of Lord Grimston. \

There is a wood print of hitriy with an omawM I
border, large 4to. or small h. sh.

Thomas Ho WAED, duke of NoHblk; in Lan^i
" History:' V. Gunst sc.

Thomas Howard, duke of Norfolk; in Harding'i
Shakspeare, 1791. Scheneker sc.

This yenerable peer, who, almost every year of bis life since be
had been honouried with that dignity,* distihgunhed himself bjUi
-faithftil services to the crown, was very near being sacrificed, inlA
old age^ to the peevish jealousy of Henry VIII. who, in his last il-
lness, entertained an <^inion that the family of the Howards wet^
too asjMring. He was tried, and found guilty of high-treason, tt
1)earing arms which his ancestors had publicly borne before, td
•which hiihself had often borne in the king's presence^ His eie-
cution was prevented by the death of the king. When he vtt
above; eighty years of age, he appeared, with his usual spirit, >t
the head of a body of forces, and helped to suppress Wyatt's re*
bdlion.

EDWARDUS STAFFORD, Dux BuckinghaiB,
&c. Coll. Maria Magdal. Fund"". 1519- Faberf. 1714;
one of the Cambridge Founders.

Edward Stafford, duke of Buckingham, here-
ditary high-constatfle of England ; in Harding's Shak-
speare. L. Schiavonetti sc. after Holbein.

-Edward Stafford, duke of Buckingham ; tt/iti
a view of Magdalen College. E. Harding sc. in Wilsons
" Cambridge.''

Edward Stafford, duke of Buckingham; i»
Birch's ^^ Lives." J. Houbraken sc. It is there, hjf
mistake, engraved Henry D. of Buckingham.

* He was for his merit created Earl of Surrey, 5 Hen. VIII.

TAVAGO HENTKICl GVTJ)EFORDE COS'
TRORCrrOLATOB.IS B.OSTICII HI3SrBlClVS

keGts an^Glec

TSnVban pin^^jJ^

OF ENGLAND. 109

Edward, duk^ of Buckinghaiii, son of Henry Stafford, who was
beheaded in the reign of Riqhard III. was restored to his father*«
honours and estate. He was a distinguished favourite of Henry
VIII. whom he attended in his interview with Francis I. and seemed
to vie with those monarchs in pomp and splendour. When he was
in the height of his glory, his fdl was precipitated hy some, who are
supposed to have regarded him with a jealous eye; and the sus-
picion fell diiefly upon Wolsey.* He was accused of treasonable
practices, widi aidew of succeeding fo the crown ; in consequence
of a propfaQcy of one Hopkins, a monk, who foretold that Henry
ironMi die'wKhout issue male. He was declared guilty, and exe.
cated on Tower-hill the 17th of May, 1521. He was the last who
.eojofpi the eettkd post of lord high-constable of England ; an
.^piSicB whichf from the power wherewith it was attended, was alone
MJikie^t to give umbrage to so jealous a prince as Henry VIIL

^jHENRICUS GULDEFORDE, controrotulator
ijpitii, &c, Holbein p. Hollar/. 1647. Collar of
\j garter, white staff; small Ato.

W-'V^ '^'^ Sfafiford's gallery is, or was, a portrait of him by Holbein.
^*^nom this original the following head was engravedL It is in
4Ph^I fijiigiit's <' Life of Erasmus.**

? . .HisNBT GuLDEFORDE. V&rtue SO. A small oval.

Sir Henrt GyLDSFOBDE ; from the Royal Colkc-
twn.^ Holbein. F. Bartolozzi sc.

Sib Henby Guldefobde. Holbein. Dalton sc.

Sir Henrt Guldeforde. Holbein, with ornaments
in the escutcheon on the cap. Dalttm sc.

Sir Henry Guldeforde. W. Richardson.

'■ • Dod, IB his " Church History of England," informs us, that Wolsey, who Vol. i.
longed to supplant his rival favourite, eitlier from vanity or insolence, dipped his P* 1^^
fingers in the basin which the duke had just before held to the king while he washed ^^^*
his hands : upon which he poured the water into the cardinal's shoes. This so pro«
voked the haughty prelate, that he threatened to sit upon his skirts : which menace
occasioned his having no skirts to his coat when he next appeared in the royal pre-
sence. The king asking the reason of this singular appearance, he, with an air of
pleasantry, told him, that it was only to disappoint the cardinal, by putting it out
of kb power to do as he had threatened.

1

110 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY

Henry Guldeforde, or Guilford, was one of the greatest onia'
ments of the court of Henry VIII . In the early part of his life, be
served with reputation in the wars with the Moors in Spain under
Ferdinand and Isabella. His learning and personal qualities re-
commended him to the esteem of the great Erasmus, with whom
he held a correspondence. In the seventh year of Henry VIII. he
was constituted master of the horse for life. Ob. Mt. cir, 40.-*
The mother of the Lord Guilford Dudley, who was also mother to
the earls of Warwick and Leicester, was of this family.

HENRY FITZROY, duke of Richmond. Clamp
^c. In Harding's " Biog. Mirror.''

Henry Fitzroy was natural son to King Henry VIII. by the Lady
Elizabeth Talboys, daughter of Sir John Blount, knt. and widow
of Gilbert Lord Talboys, born at Blackmore, in Essex. King Henry
had a particular fondness for this child ; at the age of six years,
June 18, 1525 (17 Henry VIII.) he was first made knight of the
garter, then advanced to the dignity of Earl of Nottingham, and
the same day created Duke of Richmond and Somerset; the cere-
mony being performed at the royal palace of Bridewell, in the city
of London. Among other honours , the lieutenancy of Ireland was
granted him ; but, on account of his juvenile years, Sir Willian
Skeffington was appointed his deputy. Leland informs us, that he
had a spirit turned to martial affairs, was master of the languages
then in vogue, and had an excellent taste in polite literature. This
taste, no doubt, was not a little improved by the mutual intercourse
between the young duke and the celebrated Henry, earl of Surrey,
with whom he was educated at Windsor ; and both went in the
royal train of Henry VII L to attend his interview with Francis I.
Such an affection grew between these noble youths, that, to cement
the tie of friendship, the duke, on their return, married the earl's
sister. Lady Mary Howard, daughter of Thomas Howard, third
duke of Norfolk. The nuptials were, probably, never consum-
mated, the duke dying without issue 1536. JEt, svce. 17. See
Harding's ^ Biographical Mirror.''

AUDLEY, lord- chancellor. Ha?is Holbein. P. W.
Tomkins. From the original y in the possession of Lord
Howardy at Audky End; in Harding's Shakspeare.

The plate was engraved at Lord Howard's expose, aad was

OF ENGLAND, 111

tonsiderably larger than at present; but^ titer a few impressions
were taken for private friends, Mr. Harding was permitted to insert
it in his work.

Hiomas Audley, speaker of the House of Commons, on the resig-
nation of Sir Thomas More, was made lord-chancellor ; at which
time the king conferred on him the honour of knighthood ; and,
being a great favourite of Henry's, in 1538 he was created Lord
Aadley of Walden. He in part founded and endowed Magdalen
College, Cambridge, for the maintenance of able poets. — He died
I564f, MU 66, and was buried at Saffron Walden, Essex.

WILLIAM FITZWILLIAMS, earl of Southamp-
ton. Holbein. F. Bartolozzi sc.

William FiTzwiLLiAMS, &c. Holbein. R.Dalton.
From a drawing in the Royal Collection.

William Fitzwilliam, third son of Sir Thomas Fitzwilliam, of Aid-
warke, in the county of York, knight, was not only eminent for his
military skill in the reign of Henry VHI. but was also appointed
to divers high posts and offices of honour^and advanced to the dig-
nity of Earl of Southampton in 1537. He died in 1543, while hav-
ing the ccMnmand of the van of the English army then marching
mto Scotland. In such estimation was he held, that, to honour
his memory, his standard was borne throughout that whole ex-
pedition.

ROBERT RATCLIFFE, earl of Sussex. J. Thane
ex. From his monument in Boreham Church.

Robert Ratcliff, baron and viscount Fitz- Walter, was in 1529
created Earl of Sussex ; and obtained a special patent, to himself
and his hdrs, to exercise the office of server, at the time of dinner,
upon the coronation day of any future king or queen of this realm,
with the fee of £20 per annum. He was also made lord high-
chamberlain for life. He distinguished himself in the wars of
France, and was the complete courtier to his capricious sovereign.
He died at Chelsea 1542.

LORDVAUX. Holbei?t. F. Bartolozzi.
Lord Vaux. Holbein. Dalton.

112 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY

Lord Vaux. Holbein. L. SchiavonettL In Hard-
ing's Shakspeare.

Nicholas Lord Vaux. Holbein. In *' Royal and
Noble Authors,'' by Park, 1806.

Sir Nicholas Vaux was a great ornament to the courts of Henry
VII. and VIII. His father, by adhering to Henry VI. in the con-
tention between the houses of York and Lancaster, had forfeited bis
estates : they were, however, restored to the son, with the honour of
knighthood, on his fighting valiantly at the battle of Stoke, on the
side of Henry VII. against the Earl of Lincoln ; and in the reign of
Henry VIII. for his martial spirit, he grew so much in favour, as to
be one of the ambassadors for confirming the peace between Henry
and the French king, and also one of the commissioners for prepar-
ing the famous interview between those monarchs near Ouienes.
He was advanced to the dignity of a baron, by the title of Lord
Vaux of Harwedon, the 15th of Henry VIII. and died soon after,
according to Mr. Lodge, 1524.

EARL OF WESTMORELAND. S. Harding del
^t sculp. From a miniature in the British Museum.

Earl of Westmoreland ; in Strutfs *' Regal
AntiqJ' plate 33. From the same miniature.

Ralph Nevill, son of Sir John Nevill, one of the most .eminent
noblemen of his time, was a knight of the garter, earl-marshal of
England, and lord-warden of the Scotch Marches. He filled other
high o£Bces of state, and was created Earl of Westmoreland 1398.
He was an able commander, a shrewd politician ; and so managed
die fluctuating interest of the day, that he always contrived to pre-
ibrve himself in power. He died H25.

'.. CHARLES SOMERSET, Ist earl of Worcester.
Harding sc.

, Charles, natural son of Henry, duke of Somerset, by Joan Hill,
assumed the name of Somerset ; and being a person of great abi-
lities, as well in honour as estates, was by Henry VII. constituted
ne of his privy council, aduiiral of the fleet, vice-chamberlain of
bousehold) sent ambassador, with the order of the garter, to
lieror Maximilian; and was with Henry VIII. in his expe-

OF ENGLAND. 113

ditioninto France. For his heroic actions he had the office of lord-*
ciramberlain bestowed on him for life, and was created Earl of Wor-
cester. He iharried Elizabeth, daughter and heir of William Her-
bert, earl of Huntingdon ; from whom descended the late Lord
Rivers. 06.1526.

CLASS III.

PEERS,

AND SirCH AS HAVE TITLES OF PEERAGE.

HENRICUS HOWARD, comes Suniae ; M. 24.
Holbein p. Hollar f. h. sh*

Henry Howard, earl of Surrey. Holbein p. G. V.
( Vertue) sc. 4to.

Henricus Howard, &c. Holbein p. Vertue sc.
1747 ; h. sh.

Henry Howard, &c. Houhraken sc. Illust. Head.

Henry Howard, earl of Surrey; after Holbein.
F. Bartolozzi sc. In the Royal Collectio?i.

The same, by Dalton. An outline in Harding's
Shakspeare. Harding sc.

Henry Howard, earl of Surrey. Rivers sc. In
" Noble Authors;' by Parky 1806.

Henry Howard, earl of Surrey. Holbein pinx.
E. Scriven sc. In the works of Henry Howard, E. of
Surrey, and Sir Thomas Wyatt the elder, by G. F. Nott,
D.D. 2 vol. Ato. 1785.

His portrait is at Kensington.

The great and shining talents of this accomplished nobleman
excited the jealousy of Henry, who strongly suspected that he
aspired to the crown. He was condemned and executed for high-
treason, after the formality of a trial, Jan. 19, 1546-7. His father
the doke of Norfolk's head << was upon the block f but he was

VOL. I. Q

1

114 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY

happily deliTered by the death of the king. The Earl of Surrey was
famous for the tenderness and elegance of hit poetry, m which lie
excelled all the writers of his time. The fair Geraldine, the fame
of whose beauty was raised by his pen and his lance, has been
proved by Mr. Walpole, from a coincidence of many circumstanceB»
to have been Elizabeth, second daughter of Gerald Fitzgerald, earl
of Kildare, by Margaret, daughter of Thomas Grey, marquis of
Dorset, and to have been the third wife of Edward Clinton, earl of
Lincoln.

SIR ANTHONY BROWNE, on horseback, with
King Henry viii. In the '^ Vetusta Monumental'
vol. Hi. plate 33, S^c. " The king is mounted on a stately
courser y whose head-stall^ reins, and stirrups, are studied
and embost with gold. He wears oh his head a black
bonnet, ornamented with a white feather, and is drest in
ajacquet of cloth of gold, and a surcot or gown of brown,
velvet, with breeches and hose of white silk. His coun-
tenance appears serene and sedate. All the features of his
face are highly finished, and the portrait hath, by good
judges f been esteemed to be of the greatest likeness we now
have of that monarch . Behind the king are two persons on
horseback ; that on the right Jiand is the Duke of Suffolk,
mounted on a black horse, and dressed in a scarlet habit,
with a black bonnet on his head; his beard is remarkabli/
white, curled, and parted in the middle. The other is
Sr Anthony Browne, mounted on a white courser. ''^

ITiere is a copy of Sir Anthony Browne, on horseback,
tnthout the king, ^^.

Sir Andiony succeeded his father in the honourable post of
standard-bearer throughout the whole realm of England and else-
where; he attended his sovereign Henry VIII. in his conquests in
Fhmca; and was ambassador for conveying the order of the garter
to FxtBcis L &C. 30 Henry VIII. He had a grant of the office of
Ike aoastar of the horse, and of the site of Battel Abbey, and was
at the aame tkiie with Lc^ Audley, lord-chancellor, elected knight
of Iha gaitar. He betrothed Aime of Cleves as pro^gr for Henry

OF ENGLAND. 115

VIII. and was in such favour with the king, that he left him 4
Jq^acy, and appointed him one of his executors^ and one of the
coonoil to Prince Edward his son. Ob, 1548, and was buried at
Battel Abbey.

GEORGE TALBOT, earl of Shrewsbury, with
Ank Hastings, his first wife; large quarto. J. Thane,

George, son of John earl of Shrewsbury, was only five years old at
the death of his father in 1485. He was early made one of the king's
privy council and one of the principal commanders of the forces
sent in aid of Maximilian the emperor against the French ; was
with King Henry VIII. present at the memorable interview with
Francis I. of France, and one of the witnesses examined in the cause
of divorce between the king and Catharine his first wife. In the
rebellion in the north, called the Pilgrimage of Grace, occasioned
by the dissolution of the lesser monasteries, he was appointed the
king's lieutenant, and, with the Duke of Norfolk, brought them to
make their submission, and obtained for them the king's pardon.
He is said to have been noble, prudent, and moderate, through the
whole of his life ; and died at his manor of Wingfield, in the county
of Derby, 1542. He married two wives; first, Ann, daughter of
William, lord Hastings, chamberlain to King Edward IV; ; his
second wife was Elizabeth, daughter of Sir Richard Walden, of
Erith, in Kentt

A SCOTCH PEER.

ARCHIBALD DOUGLASS, earle of Anguish
(Angus), &c. ; a small ovaly belonging to a set of the
kings of Scotland.

Akchibald, earl of Angus, with Mary, queen
dowager. J. Thane.

Archibald, earl of Angus, united the talents of the gentUmao,
the statesman, and the soldier. Margaret, widow of James IV.
and regent of Scotland, ^' for her better support," as Crauford tells
us, married this lord. She had, doubtless, another inducement :
he was the most accompliBbed of her subjects/ In the minority of

* Buchanan says : *' Archibaldo Doglassioi Comiti Angusiae, adolescent!, genere,
forma, omnibos denique bonis artibus, Scotictt jav^ntoti^ prbnario, nupflit/' This

\

116 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY

James V. his son-in-law, he was one of his privy counsellors. In
1521, he was promoted to the high office of chancellor of Scotland.
But afterward, falling under the king's displeasure, he was out-
lawed; and, retiring into England, was graciously received hy
Henry VIII. who took him into his privy council. Upon the death
of James, he returned to his own country, and his outlawry was
annulled by parliament He commanded the vanguard of the
Scots army against the English, at the disastrous battle of Pinkie-
field, where he gave sufficient proof of his bravery. Ob. 1.557., Sec
Crauford's "Peerage," p. 102, 103.

CLASS IV.
THE CLERGY.

CARDINALS.

THOMAS WOLS^US, card, et archiep. Eborac.
&c. Holbein p. Faber f. One of the Founders, Ato.
rri^zz.

Wolsey intended to procure copies of all the MSS. in the Vati-
can, for his college at Oxford ; which, if finished according to his
plan, would have been the noblest foundation in the iKorld. He
founded the first professorship fbr the Greek language jg^ that
university.

Thomas Wolsey, &c.; a }ttbel proceedings from his
mouth, inscribed^ " Ego, meus et rex;""4^.

The cardinal has been much censured for his arrogance in this
egotism : but any other order of the words would, according fo the
strictness of the Latin idiom, have been preposterous^ Here the
schoolmaster seems to have got the better of the cburtiiM^*

THoi^iAs Wolsey, &c. R. Elstracke so. 4to.

author not being^accocate as to the time of the marriage/ his learned editor, Roddi-
man, adds this note : ** 6 Augusti, anno 1514, Leslsus et Hoiinsbedius noptam
testantur.''
f He was.8chooli|tptfter of Magdaleo College, in Oxford,

OF ENGLAND, 117

There are hvo copies of the same, one of them with
arms. Eight Latin verses. Compton Holland ere. 1529.
rare.

The original print is, as I am informed, before his
W'^i ky -^^- Cavendish, the founder of the Devonshire
fttmily who was his gentleman^usher. Perhaps this
has been copied for a latter edition of that book. Ifind^
m a large manuscript catalogue of English heads by
Vertue, in my possession, ' that there is a head of him by
Loggan.

Thomas Wols jeus ; in Holland^ s " Heroologia ;' 8vo.

Thomas Wolsey. W. M. (Marshall) sc. Small;
in Fuller's " Holy State:'

Thomas Wolsjeus. Fourdrinier sc. h. len. h. sh.
In his Life, by Fiddes ; fol.

Caiidinal Wolsey. Houbraken sc. Illust. Head.
In the possession of Mr, Kingsley.

Thomas Wolsey, &c. Desrochers sc. 4to.

Cardhstal Wolsey ; inscribed C. W, Vertue sc.
A small oval.*

Cari>inal Wolsey; in Harding's Shakspeare.
Harding sc. 1791.

Thomas Wolsey ; in Hutchinson's Durham.

Thomas Wolsey ; in the " Oxford Almmiacks^ for
1724, 1730, 1748.

Cardinal Wolsey possessed, for some years, all that power and
grandeur which could be enjoyed by the greatest favourite, and

* There is no head of Wolsey which is not in profile. That which is carved in
wood, in the central hoard of the gateway which leads to the Butchery of Ipswich,
has such an appearance of antiquity, that it is supposed to have been done when he
was living: by the side of it is a butcher's knife. It is said, that his portraits were
done in profile, because he had but one eye. This defect has been imputed, per-
haps.-fa^sely, to a disgraceful disteropeff

118 BIOGRAPHICAL HI8TORY

Sept 7, most absolute minister, under an arbitrary prince. After he wai
created cardinal, and constituted legate, he exercised as absoIuU
a power in the church, as he did before in the state. His abilities
were equal to his great offices ; but these were by no means eqna
to his ambition.* He was the only man that eyer had the ascend
ant over Henry ; but his friendship for him did not ^* exceed dM
love of women :'* the yiolence of that passion was not only to<
strong for the ties of friendship, but of every law human and diviod
Had the cardinal not opposed it, he had perhaps beep safe; He
fell into disgrace soon ailer the king's marriage with Anne Bolen.
0^.29 Nov. 1530.

CARDINAL BEATON. G. Sibelius sculp. In Pm^

nanfs " Scotland^'' ito.

David Beaton, cardinal ; in Iconographia Scatica.

David Beaton was born in 1494, received his education iathe
university of St. Andrew's, and afterward at Paris, where b£
studied divinity. In 1519 he was appointed resident at the court
of France ; about which tin&e his uncle gave him the rectoijr oi
Campsay, to which was added, in 1523, the abbacy of Arbroath.
After filling the office of lord privy seal, and being employed in
several public concerns, he was made a cardinal in 1538, and on
the death of his uncle succeeded him in the archbishopric of St.
Andrew's. Being zealously devoted to the papal authority, be
laboured with great earnestness to root out what he denominated
heresy ; and many persons of consequence were prosecuted with
the greatest rigour. On the death of the king, the archbishop
made considerable exertion to be acknowledged one of the re-
gency; instead of which he was thrown into Blackness castle.
After a short confinement, he obtained his release by the £arl of
Arran, then the sole regent, who conferred upon him the post of
chancellor, and obtained him the appointment of legate k latere
from the pope. His power being thus restored and increased, he
made use of it with redoubled ardour in suppressing the new reS*
gion ; and among others who were condemned to the flames by
him, was the celebrated George Wishart, whose execution took
place under the window and before the eyes of the cardinal. A

* He bad one thousand in family ; see his speech »pon bis disgmce So Dod'f
" Church History/' vol. i. p. 310, or in Stow; the cardinal iiMatioRs tiiis biasdf*

OF ENGLAND, 119

tun ii toicL that Withart. at ^ atake. danonnoed die divine
jicfgiiwnta against hit penecutor; but it rests upon no credible
ttpdatiaii; ' Soon: aftenraid, however, a conspiracjr was entered
mi bjr.sdme. enemiet of Ae prdate, headed by Noiman Lesley^
lideBt son of the Earl of Kothes, and his undo John, who broke
bin die eaette^ and murdered the archUshcq), on the 29th of May,
)f46>^Ste left three neterai sons, who were all leigitimated in the
Httinie cf iheir fiither. It is said, that the cardinal wrote memoirB
.rf'Us emhisities, but aotfaing is known of the manuscript.

■ ' " •

JOHANNES FIS(:;H£RUS, episcopus Roffensis*
H. Holbem wp. F. V.W. esc. 4to.

iPi8H£R» bishop of Rochester. Holbein p. Ifau-
broken sc. lUmt, Head. In the coUection of Mr.

JoAKHTES Roffeii8i& episc* 6 Latin verses, Ato.

FxftCHVRUs^ episcopua Roffeosis; m
''Smrthvi^Chakog.''

JouK Fischer, bishop of Rochester. Vaughan sc.
\ Ss Efig. verses;- 12mo.

Jean FiscRER, Anglois; hand on an hour-glass;
; m Thevet, Ato. There is a foreign wooden print ofhim,
> !ftfA 0s^ ornamented border^ large 4/0*

John Fischer; in '' Imagin. 12 Cardin,*' 159B.
■ T.GaUcsQ,

JoBvFitOHEE; Ato. De Larmessin sc.

ioisns Fisher; in *' Recueildes Portr.*^ Des Ro-
thtfssc.

JoHK Fisher. H. Holbein pin. F. Bartohzzi sc.
h the Royal Collection.

John Fisher ; in Larreifs " History T

* This coHection was soM and dispersed. .

120 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY

His portrait, at St. John's College in Cambridge, is like the old
prints.

He is placed here as a cardinal, as his name is on the list of the
church of Rome. He may be placed lower, as an English bishop.

This prelate, bom at Beverley in Yorkshire, was respectable for
his unaffected piety and learning, and stood for some time very
high in the king's favour. But refusing the oath of supremacy}
and concealing the treasonable speeches of Elizabeth Barton, the
famous nun of Kent, he was deprived of his bishopric, thrown into
a loathsome prison, and stripped of his very clothes. When he
was reduced to the lowest condition of human nature, the pope
created him a cardinal. He was a great lover of learning, and
a patron of learned men ; and was remarkable for learning the
Greek language of Erasmus when he was an old man. Beheaded
June 22, 1535.

ARCHBISHOPS AND BISHOPS.

WILLIAM WARHAM, archbishop of Canterbury,
and lord-chancellor of England to King Henry VIII.
Holbein p. Vertue sc. From an excellent original in
the archbishop's palace at Lambeth. Illust. Head.

William Warham; archbishop of Canterbury.
jBT. Holbein p. Vertue sc. 8vo.

William Warham, after Holbein. F. Bartolozzi.
From the Royal Collection.

William Warham. Dalton sc. From the same.

William Warham, &c. C. Picart sc. 1816.
From the original of Holbein^ in the collection of his
grace the archbishop of Canterbury, in Mr. Lodge's
" Illustrious Portraits.^

Archbishop Warham shone as a divine, a lawyer, and a statesman,

in the reign of Henry VII. with whom he was in great &vour ; but

mm supplanted in this reign by Wolsey, who treated him with

baughtiness, took every occasion of mortifying him, and even of

ping bis privileges. Erasmus makes honourable mention of

OF ENGLAND. 121

this prelate^ whom he esteemed a perfect model of the episcopal
character • Ob. 23 Aug. 1532.

THOMAS CRANMERUS, archiep. Cant In
Holland's " Heroologia^'' Svo.

Though Cranroer owed his prefbrment to the part that he acted
ID the bosmess of the divoroe, he was^ in every respect, worthy of
his high dignity ; and has bjeen justly esteemed one of the greatest
ornaments of our church and nation. He was, for his learning,
sincerity, prudence, and moderation, in high esteem with the king;
and possessed a greater share of his confidence than any other pre-
late of Jiis time, except Wolsey. See the two next reigns,

EDWARD LEE, archbishop of York ; in tkc
" Oxford Almanack;^ 1743.

Edward Lee was bom in Kent, and sbnt to St. Mary Magdalen
College about 1499. He was appointed chaplain and almoner to
King Henry VIII. and employed by that monarch on several em-
bassies. In 1529 he was appointed chancellor of the church of
Salisbury, and in 1631 made archbishop of York. A. Wood says,
" He was a great divine, and very well seen in all kind of learning,
fiunous as well for his wisdom as virtue, and holiness of life ; a: con-
tmual preacher of the gospel, a man very liberal to the poor, and
exceedingly beloved of all sorts of men.'' He appears to have been
a violent antagonist, and no great friend, to Erasmus. Ob. 1564,
&c. A list of his writing is in Wood's '' Athenss Oxoniensis."

CUTHBERTUS TONSTALL, episcopus Dunel-
mensis. JP. Fourdrinhr sc. h* ^h.; in Mddes's " Zifs
of Cardinal Wolsey^

CuTHBEBT Tonstall; 4to. (Facius). Richardson.

CuTHBERT Tonstall; in Hutchinsorts Durham.

Bishop TonstelU who was one of the politest scholars, appears Tr. from
also to have been one of the most perfect characters, of his age ; as ^^^"'
the zealous reformers could find no fault in him but his religion.
The celebrated Erasmus, one of whose excellences was doing

* ** NoUam absolali pnesolia dotem in eo devideres." See hb duffacter at large
ia Erasmas's ** EpdesiaslesV' lib. L

VOL. I. R

122 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY

justice to the merit of his friends^ tells us, that he was comparable
to any of the ancients.* His book '' De Arte Supputandi/' which
was the first book of arithmetic ever printed in England, has gone
through many editions abroad. Ob, 18 Nov. ^559, ^t. 85.

JOHN LONGLAND, bishop of Lincoln, 1521. In
the " Oxford Almanack" 1743.

John Longland, bom at Henley in Oxfordshire, was fellow of
Magdalen College, and celebrated for his exemplary life and devo-
tion. He was made principal of Magdalen Hall, and succeeded
Dr. Will. Atwater in the deanery of Salisbury in 1519; he was
alsQ made canon of Windsor ; and being in great favour with Kii^ ■
Henry VIII. for his excellent preaching, he appointed him faii^l
confessor. In 1521, he was consecrated bishop of Lincoln; and !
was the first that mentioned to the king a divorce between him and |
his queen Catharine; for which he was much blamed. He <fied
1547, at Woburn in Bedfordshire; his heart was buried in the
cathedral, and his body in the chapel of Eton College. See a list j
of bis works in Wood's <' Athene Oxoniensis.*'

• . *

RICHARDUS FOX, episcopus Winton. Henrico
septimo et octavo a secretioribtcs, et privati sigilli custoSj j
Coll. Corp. Christi Oxon. Fundator,'\ A\ Z)"'. 1516.
Johannes Corvus Flandrtis faciebat. Vertue sc. 1723.
In Fiddes's " Life of Cardinal WolseyJ'

He is represented as blind, which calamity befel him at the latter
end of his life. The original picture is at C. C. C. Oxon.

Richard Fox was born at Roperly, near Grantham in Lincolnshire,
educated first at Boston in the same county, studied at Magdalen
College, Oxford ; afterward, on account of the plague, renaovedte
Cambridge ; where, on the death of Dr. Leybome, bishop of Carftfe 5
he was chosen master of Pembroke Hall, 1507; which place h^
resigned 1514. He was chancellor of this university two years, f
1500 and 1501.' '

Richard Fox ; in Hutchinson's " Durham.''
Richard Fox, holding apian; in " Oxford Alm&'^
nack;' 1726, 1758. '^

* Erasmi Epist. lib. xvi. ep. 3.

t He was founder of Corpus ; and, being blinclt w^ led twice cpund the quadno^ ^
to make him believe it was larger than it was. ^

OF ENGLAND. 123

RiCHARDUs Fox; JSf. 70. G. Glover sc.

RicHARDUs Fox; JEi. 70. Sturt sc.

RiCHARDUs Fox; a small oval. — A7iother for Dr.
Knighfs '^ Life of Erasmus.''

RicuARDus Fox, &c. J. Faberf. large 4to. mezz.
one of the set of Founders.

This prelate, vdio was successively bishop of Exeter, Bath and Tr. from
Wells, Durham and Winchester, was employed by Henry VII. in q"[*^??'
his most important negotiations at home and abroad ; and was, in 1500.
his last illness, appointed one of his executors. He was also at
the head of affairs in the beginning of this reign ; but, about the
year 1515, retired from court, disgusted at the insolence of Wolseyi
whom he had helped to raise. Ob. 14 Sept. 1528.

HUGH OLDHAM, bishop of Exeter; in the
" Oaford Almanack^ 1726 and 1758.

Hugh Oldham, hem at Manchester, in the county of Lancashire,
was first sent to Oxford, and afterward to Cambridge, where he
took a d^ree ; in 1495 he was made a prebend oi South Aulton
in the church of Sarum, and canon of the cathedral church of Lin-
coln ; and about that time was chi^plain to Margaret, countess oi
Richmond. In 1504, he was elected bishop of ExetiBt. He died
1519, and was buried in the cathedral church of Exeter, i^ a chapel
of his own erectipn.

GULIELMUS SMYTH, episc. Lincoli^. primus
WalluB prases^ Academice Ojcon. cancellarius, Atdce^
RegiiT, et Coll. JSnei Nasi Fund^. unusy A. D. 1512.
/. Faberf. large 4to. mezz.

William Smyth, bishop of Lichfield; in Hard-
ing's " Shakspeare.*' Nugent sc.

William Smyth ; in the " O.vford Almanack'' for
1736, 1739, 1743.

William Smith, some time fellow of Pembroke Hall in Cam-
bridge, was successively bishop of Lichfield and Coventry, and of
Lincoln. He founded an hospital and free-school at Lichfield,

124 BIOORAPHICArl HISTORY

and gave lands of ten pounds per annum for the maintenance of a
schoolmaster at Farnworth, the place of his nativity. He, with
his kinsman^ Ric. Sutton, of Presbury in Cheshire, was cofounder
of Brazen-nose College. Ob. Dec. 1513.

HUGH LATIMER was consecrated bishop of
Worcester in Sept. 1535, and resigned liis bishopric
the first of July, 1539.* See the two next reigns.

DIGNITARIES OF THE CHURCH, &c.

JOHN ISLIP, abbot of Westminster ; small aval.
Thane exc.

Abbot Islip began the government of his abbey at a troublesome
juncture ; for at that time he had under his protection and sanctuary
•Elizabeth, queen of Edward IV., who, with her younger son and
daughters, had claimed protection at this place against the ma-
chinations of the Protector, afterward Richard III. ; who was so
jealons of the escape of the royal fugitives, that the church and
monastery, during their residence there, was enclosed like a camp,
and strictly guarded by soldiers, under one Nefieid; and none were
sii&red to go in or out, without special permission, for fear the
{MriBceBfles should convey themselves over sea, and defeat the
usurper in his designs.

After Henry VIL came to the crown, Abbot Islip became a great

favourite and counsellor with that monarch; and when Henry

founded his magnificent chapel, Islip laid the first stone of it ; and

lif his exertions repaired and beautified the church, and added, in

iMflk along the buttresees, the statues of kings that had been

iBiMftttftrp. He likewise designed a lofty tower and lantern, with

ft diiuBfi of bells, to be placed over the midst of the cross ; but the

vBtn were too weak to support it ; the bells were therefore hung

^'!&^wiMleni tower, where they still remain. He founded the

d called by his name (and dedicated it to St. Erasmus), as

'Ti by the rebus on his name, painted on glass in the windows ;

, on a sJlji of a tree. He likewise built the dean's house, and

mk lis |Nit^ lit episoopd rdiei at bis resignmtion, he sprang ibm the
r|A «Mal dMrily. deduiug thtt lie frand Umaelf nradi fighter Uimi he

»....■ ■

OP ENGLAND. 125

offices to the monaBtery ; aad, dying Jan. S, I5IO9 8 Henry VIIL
>as buried in his own chapel.

JOHANNES COLETUS ; &vo. In the " Jferoo-

John Collet^ D. D. some time dean of St. Paul's,
&c. W. Marshall sc» small.

John Collet, &c. Faithome sc. \2mo.

John Collet; 24o.

John Colet. Holbein pin. Bartohzzi sc. In the
Royal Collection.

John Colet. Dalton sc. From the same.

John Colet. W. Sherwin ^. 12mo.

John Colet, at his devotions, 1693, 12mo. J.
Sturt sc.

John Colet. J. P. Wedgwood sc.

Johannes Coletus, &c. J. Sturt sc.

Johannes Coletus. Faberf. large 4to.

Johannes Coletus. jR. Houstoj^if. mezz.

Johannes Coletus ; super cathedram magistripri-
marii: natus 1466, Dec. Sti. Pauli 1504, fundavU
scholam 1512, ob. 1519. This head vms engraved by
Vertue for his ^^ Life^' by Dr. Samuel Knight^ 1724,
Btw. There is another octavo print of him by the same
hand: both are without the engraver's name.

No higher testhnony need to be given of the merit of Colet, than
his great intimacy with Erasmus. There was a similitude of man-
ners, of studies, and sentiments in religion, between these illus-
trious men, who ventured to take off the veil from ignorance and
superstition, and expose them to the eyes of the world ; and to
prepare men*s minds for the reformation of religion, and restoration
of learning. Erasmus, who did him the honour to call him his
master, has given us z. hint of his religious sentiments, in his fa-

126 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY

Van edit, nious colloquy, entitled^ " Peregrinatio Religionis ergo,^ in which
p. 43d. Colet is the person meant under the name of Gratianus PuUus.
Colet, Lynacre, Lilly, Grocyn, and William Latimer, were the
first that revived the learning of the ancients in England.

GULIELMUS TYNDALLUS, martyr, Svo. b
the *' Heroologia.'* One in Frekerm.

William Tindall (canon of Christ Church in Ox-
ford), 24to.

William Tindall, at his martyrdom; wood-cul

There is a very indiffisrent portrait of him in the library of Mag-
dalen Hall in Oxford, of which he was a member.

William Tindale, who was deservedly styled ** The English
Apostle/' was the first that translated the New Testament into
English, from the original Greek.* This translation was printed
at Antwerp, 1526, Svo. without the translator's name. Three or ^
four years after, he published an English translation of the Penta-
teuch, from the original Hebrew, and intended to go through the
, whole Bible. The first impression of the Xes&ment, which gave
umbrage to the popish clergy, was bought up at Antwerp in 1527,
by order of Tonstall, then bishop of London, and soon after pub-
licly burnt ya Cheapside. The sale of this impression enabled the
translator to print a larger, and more accurate edition. He was
burnt for a heretic at Wilford, near Brussels, 1536.

JOHN LELAND, some time canon of King's Col-
lege, now Christ Church, in Oxford, a most learned
antiquary, and not an inelegant Latin poet,'|' did great
honour to his age and country. He wa? educated

* Tiudall's translation of the New Testament, supposed to be unique, was sold
for fourteen guineas and a half in Mr. Ames's Collection, by Mr. Langfcnrd, May
13, 1760. This book was picked up. by one of Lord Oxford's collectors, and was
esteemed so valuable, that his lordship settled twenty pouuds per ann. for He on
the purchaser. His lordship's library was afterward purchased by Mr. Osborne, of
Gray's Inn. It was of him purchased by Mr. Ames for fifteen shillings. Tbis
translation was finished in the reign of Henry VIII. 1526; and the whole impies-
sion, as supposed (tbis copy excepted), was purchased by Tonstall, bbhop of Lon- ,
don, and burnt at St. Paul's Cross that year.

t His encomiums on illustrious and learned men, his contemporaries, are a soffi-
cient proof of his poetical abilities.

OF ENGLAND. 127

^oBoAer the fiaimous Lilye, and successively studied at
/j&mbridge^ Oxford, and Paris. He was library-
keeper to Henry VIU., being perfectly qualified for
that office by his great skill in ancient and modern
languageSy and his extensive knowledge of men and
ihings. His " Collectanea'' and his " Itvierary,'' the
:i&[anuscripts of which are lodged in the Bodleian li-
brary, have been a most copious fund of antiquity,
biography, and history, to succeeding writers. He
spent six years in travelling through the kingdom ;
being empowered by the king to examine the li-
braries of cathedrals, colleges, abbeys, and priories.
Hence it was that, at a critical juncture, he ravished
almost an. iqfinity of valuable records from dust ai\d
oblivion. His vast mind, which had planned greater
things than \vere in the power of one man to exe-
cute, at length sunk under its burden, and he was
for some time before his death in a state of insanity.
He died the 18th of April, 1552. There is an elegant
print of him engraved by Grigjiion^froin his bust at All
Souls College J and prejued to his " Life^' lately pub-
lished; but. I see no reason to believe it to be an authentic
portrait.

CHRISTOPHER URSEWICK, D.D.; his effigy
and fhonumentj from brass plates in the old church of
Hacknof, in Middlesex ; half sheet.

Christopher Ursewick descended from a very ancient family,
different branches of which were seated in Lancashire and York-
shire ; and which, the male line having been long extinct, is now
represented chiefly by the houses of Le Fleming and Standish.
He was a person of much eminence, both as an Ecclesiastic and
a statesman ; g^ned the favour of Heniy VII. to whom he was a
chaplain and almoner, by his successflil endeavours to accomplish
the marriage between that prince and Elizabeth of York; and
served him and his successor in eleven several foreign embassies!.

128 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY .

He held, at different times, the prebend of Botevant, in York ; the
archdeaconries of Richmond, Wilts, and Oxford, and the deaneries
of York and Windsor. Having not only resigned all his lucrative
preferments, but refused the bishopric of Norwich, he accepted, in
1502, from Richard Hill, bishop of London, a presentation to the
rectory of Hackney ; doubtless from an earnest inclination to pasi
the last years of his life solely m the duties of his ministry. He
retired thither accordingly, and there died, March 24th, 1521, aged
74 ; having, by his last will, desired to be buried before the image
of St. Austin, in the church of that parish.

Imago ERASMI Roterodami, ab Alberto Durero,
ad vivam effigiem delineata. Half lengthy h. sh. — He i$
repjxsented standing and writings according to his usual
practice*

Erasmus had a very high opmion of the painter of this portrait,
whom he thought a greater artist than Apelles. ** Equidem arbitroi
(says he) si nunc viveret Apelles, ut erat ingenuus et candidos,
Alberto nostro cessurum hujus palmee gloriam.*' Dial, de recti
Fronunciatione Lang. Grcte, et Lai,

Erasmus Roterodamus. Holbein p, Vorstermafi sc.

Erasmus Roterodamus. Holbein p. P. Stent esc.
Ato.

Erasmus, &c. Holbein p, Stockiusf.

We have Erasmus's own testimony, that his portnut by Holbein
was more like him, than that which was done by Albert Durer. It
was with great difficulty that he could be prevailed upon to sit to
either painter, as he intimates in his own account of his life.

Desiderius Erasmus, &c.

** Ingens ingentem quem personat orbis Erasmum,
Heec tibi dimidium picta tabella refert ;
At cur non totum ? Mirari desine lector,
Integra nam totum terra nee ipsa capit.**

W. Marshall sc. half length; h. sh.

* Several eminent persons of this time are represented standing at their stody.—
It was the general practice of Whitaker, a famous divine of Cambridge, in the reign
of Elizabeth \ of the learned Boys, one of the translators of the Bible in the rdgo
of James I. &Ct &c.

OF ENGLAND. 129

The tfaoug)iHn this much applauded epigram^ which was written
)7 Beza, is ft>unded oq a very evident falsehood, as will appear bj
the print next described,

Desiderius Erasmvs ; a whole lengthy standing on
a pedestal. This is his stattte at Rotterdam ; sh.

Erasmus ; his right hand resting on a term. Phi-
lippus Fredericus Glasseriisf. copied from X ab Heyden;
h. sh.

Erasmus, &c. nattis A"*. 1467, obiit il^ 1636, R.
Houston/, large Ato. mezz. Engraved for Rolfs ^^ Lives
of the Reformers ^'^ foL

Erasmus Rotterodamus. Vandyckf Aqmfortiy
h, sh.

Erasmus. Holbein pin. Visscher sc.

Erasmus; in Mus^e Napoleon, Ato, 1804. Cha-
taigne sc,

Erasmus ; in " Oxford Almanack^ 1746,

Erasmus; in Mtcs6e Napoleon^ Holbein^ Bou-
trois sc,

Erasmus, &c. J. H, (Jerome Hopffer)^ Two Ger-
tnan lines^

Imago Erasmi, Rot. &c,; a circle, in Mr, Dibdin's
" Decameron,'' vol, ii, p. 172.

There are also prints of him by F. H. Francis Hogen-
bergh, Gaytoood, P, a Gunstj ^c, 8^cJ*

The picture of him at Longford is Apposed to be by Holbein.

This great man, who was the boast and glory of his country,
distmguished himself as a reformer of religion, and restorer of
learning. His religion was as remote iirom the bigotry and perse^

* There is a set of heads, and anKmg them that of Erasmus, well cut in wood, by
Toby Stimmer, who took many of them from Paulus Jovius. Some of Stimmer's
bave been copied in Reusner's Jcones, which are also in wood. The book was
printed m 8vo. at Strasburg, 1587.

VOL. I. S

130 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY

cuting spirit of the age in which he lived, as his learning war from
the pedantry and barbarism of the schools. He was much esteemed
by the king, and the English nobility, whom he celebrates as tlie
most learned in the world. He lived in the strictest intimacy with ^
More, Lynacre, Colet, and Tonstall; and preferred the society of i;
his ingenious and learned friends to that of the greatest princes in }.
Europe, several of whom sought his acquaintance. xWe find in his p
works, particularly his Colloquies and Epistles, a more just and t:.
agreeable picture of his own times, than is to be met with in any >
other author. His " Moriee Encomium,*' which will ever be admired ^
for the truest wit and humour, is an ample proof of his genius. He l
was Margaret professor of divinity at Cambridge, Greek professar =
at Oxford* and Cambridge, and minister of Aldington in Eentf
The best edition of his works is that by John Le Clerc, published
at Leyden, in ten vols. fol. 1703.

POLYDORE VIRGIL. Thane.

Pplydore Virgil, a native of Urbino, was sent over to England
hy Pope Alexander VI. to collect the papal tribute, called Petei^t
pence; and was so well pleased with the country, that, having ob- |e
tained the archdeaconry of Wells, he resolved to spend the re-
mainder of. his life in it; and, at the command of Henry VII. i^
undertook to write a History of England, on which he spent above f-
12 years; though at this time it is not much valued. He also pub- is
lished a Collection of Proverbs ; a treatise De Rerum InventorittUi fc
and on the Prodigies. His age requiring a warnier climate, be re- ji
turned to Italy, and died at Urbino in 1555. v

JOHN SKELTON ; from an original picture w !^
the possession of Mr. Richardson, Svo. . ^ -

John SKELTON,^tew£/iw^ in a pew, and reading; taken P
out of a book in the black letter y called " The Boke^^^
the Parrot ;" without date. ^

* Grocyn, who studied in Italy, first introduced the Greek tongue into Engl^ \^
which he professed at Oxford. The introduction of that elegant language pkve tte ■
alarm to many, as a most dangerous innovation. Hereupon, the university divided
itself into two factions, distinguished by tlie appellation of Greeks and Tn>juBf ^
bore each other a violent animosity, proceeded to open hostilities* and even insQltc4 ^
Erasmus himself.

i Sec Kilburne's " Survey of Kenk*'

OF plNQLAND. 131

John SkeltOD, a laureated poet in Uie rei^^n of Henry VIII. was
t native of Cumberland. Having entered into holy orders, he be**'
came rector of Dysse, in Norfolk. He is said to have fallen into
some irregularities, too natural to poets, and by no means suitable
to the clerical character. He was eminently learned and ingenious;
bat licentious, even to scurrility, in his satires upon some of the re-
gular clergy ; and dared to lash Cardinal Wolsey ; which occasioned
his taking sanctuary at Westminster Abbey, under the protection
of John Islip the abbot. He died in 1 529, and was buried in the
church of St. Margaret, Westminster. Erasmus, in an epistle to
Henry VIII. styles him, " Britannicaruro Literarum Lumen et
Decus." It is probable, that if that great and good man had
read, and perfectly understood, his '^ pithy, pleasaunt, and profit-
able worksy" as they were lately reprinted, he would have spoken
of him in less honourable terms. See more of him in Bale, viii. 66,
and in Davies's '< Critical History of Pamphlets," p. 28, &c. See
also the article of Rummim, in the 12th Class.*

There are three small prints, namely, the Prior of the Hermits
of the order of St Augustin, John Stone, and George Rose, of the
same fraternity, who are said to have suffered martyrdom in the
reign of Henry VIII.

THOMAS LINACRE, M. D. Thane ; 8vo.

Thomas Lynacre, bom at Canterbury, 1460, descended from the
Lynacres of Lynacre Hall, in the co. of Derby, and was educated
at the King's School at Canterbury. He went from thence to All
Souls College, Oxford, and was chosen fellow. He aflierwi^rd tra-
velled into Italy with the learned prior William Selling, his former
schoolmaster. On his return to England he was appointed pre-
ceptor to Prince Arthur, eldest son of Henry VII. and was succes-
sively physician to Henry VII. and VIII. and to the Princess Mary^
He founded three physical lectures in the two universities ; besides
which, as an encouragement to men of learning, he projected the
foundation of the College of Physicians in London ; and by his
interest with Cardinal Wolsey procured the letters patent in 1518.
He was the first president after its erection, and held that office till
his death. In the latter part of his life he apipUed himself to the
study of divinity ; and, entering into holy orders, was collated^
1509, to the rectory of Mersham, which he soon resigned, and was

* Likewise Warton on Spenser, ▼oU ii* p* 107.

"*

^

13^ BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY

installed prebendary of Wells, York, &c. He was much addicted
to swearing ; and having, it is said, never looked into the Scrip-
tures till he was advanced in life, when he happened on the words
of our Saviour, where he forbids swearing ; Lynacre, surprised at
what he read, cried out with a great oath, '^ This book is not the
gospel ; or there are no Christians in the world." — He died of the
stone 1524, ^t. 64, and was buried in St. Paul's cathedral. He
translated some of 6alen*s works into Latin, and other works, highly
commended by Erasmus.

ALEXANDER BARCLAY, presenting his book to
Sir Giles Alington ; a wood-cut.

Alexander Barclay, or Berckky^ a writer of the sixteenth century,
is supposed by some to have been a native of Scotland, though it
is far more likely that he was of the family of Berkley, in Glouces-
tershire. He was educated at Oriel College, Oxford ; after which
he travelled into Germany, Italy, and France. On his return, he
became one of the priests of the monastery of St.- Mary Ottery, in
Devonshire, and next a monk of Ely« In 1546 he was presented
to the living of Baddow Magna, in Essex ; and, in 1552, to that
of Allhallows, Lombard- street; but died a few weeks after his in-
duction > and was buried in the church at Croydon. His works
are : — 1. A ryght fhitefnli treaty se, intituled, TheMyrrour of Good
Maners ; conteyning the four Vertues^ called Cardynall ; compyled
in Latin by Domynike Mancyn, and translate into Englyshe at the
desyre of Sir Gyles Alyngton, kt by Alexander Bercley, priest and
monke of Ely. ImjH^lited by Rychard Pynson, and at the instance
and request of the ryght hble. Rychard Yerle, of Kent; but with-
out date. In the title-page is a wood-cut, representing the trans-
lator, Bercley, presenting the book on his knees to his patron. Sir
Giles Alington, sitting in a chair. 2. Sallust, translated into Eng-
Msfa by Syr Alexander Barclay, priest, at commandment of the
right hye and mighty prince, Thomas duke of Northfolke. Im-
prented by Richard Pynson, without date. 3. The Castell of La-
bour^ wherein is Rychesse, Virtue, and Honour ; translated from
the Prench, and printed by Wynken de Worde, 1506. 4. The
Shyp of FolySy or Ship of Fools, printed by Pynson^ 1509 ; and
again by Cawood ia 1570. 5. Here begynneth the Egloges of
Alexander Barclay, priest, whereof the first three containeth the
Miseries of Courters and Courtes; printed by John Herforde, quarto.

OF ENGLAND. 133

CLASS VI.

MEN OF THE ROBE;— Viz^
CHANCELLORS, &c.

SIR THOMAS MORE, lord-chancellor. Holbein.
p. Vorsterman sc. A dog lying on a table. This is very
different from his other portraits *

Thomas MoRUs^ &c. Holbein p. R.White sc.h.sh.

Sir Thomas More. Holbein pin. F. Bartolozzi sc.
1793.

Sir Thomas More. Holbein pin. Dalton sc. These
two are from the Royal Collection.

Sir Thomas More ; in an oval, 8vo. mez. H. Hol-
bein. Sam. Taylor; scarce.

Sir Thomas More, with a scroll^ l2mo. J. Valdor,
1621 ; j^we and scarce.

. Sir Thomas More ; in the " Oxford Almanacky^
1746.

Sir Thomas More. Holbein p. Vertue sc. %vo.

Sir Thomas More. Holbein p. Houbrakensc. 1740.
In the possession of Sir Rowland Wynne^ bart. Illust.
Head.

Thomas Morus ; in the " Heroohgia^ Sw.

Sir Thomas More. Elstracke sc. 4ito.

Sir Thomas More; a small oval. Marshall sc.
Jk the title to his Latin Epigrams y in ISmo. 1638.

Thomas Morus Anglus ; 4 Latin verses, Ato.

* Erasmus mentions the following particularitj of him, which is not expressed in
bif portraits. '* Dexter humerus pauIo videtur eminentior Icvo, praesertim cum in-
Dedit; id quod illi non aocidit naturft, sed assnetudine, qualia permulta nobis solent
idbaerere." Epist, ad Ulricum Hnttenum.

134 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY

Thomas Morus ; " Htec Mori effigies,^' S^c. Ato.

Thomas Morus; in Boissard; Ato.

Thomas Morus, quondam Anglia cancellarius, 8^c.
l2mo.

Thomas Morus ; a small square. Ant. Wierxf.

Thomas Morus. Vander Werffp. P. a Gunstsc.
h. sh.

Sir Thomas More. Vertue sc. A roll in his right
hand.

Thomas Morus; a Jictitious head, neatly engraved
bj/ Gaytoood^ after Rembrandt, Ato.

Thomas Morus ; in wood, with an ornamented biff-
der, large Ato. a foreign print. \

Thomas Morus, M.B. (Michael Burghers) sc.
This was copied from an old print pasted before a manu-
script of " Gulielmi Roper i Vita Thomce Mori^^ which
belonged to Mr. Murray, of Sacomb, and which Mr. |
Hearne esteemed a great curiosity, and supposed it to k f
the first prmt of Sir Thomas that was done after his j
death. Burghers' s copy is prefixed to this book, which t
was published by Hearne.

Thomas Morus. F. v. W. exec. Ato. neat. There is \
another neat print of him in Stapletons ** Tres ThomcB^ '-
Duaci, 1588, Svo. '\

Sir Thomas More, who is the first lay-chancellor upon record,* T-

Promoted presided in the Chancery with great abilities. He was no leis |b

15^^^^' qualified for this great office, from his extensive knowledge of law ^

and equity, than from the depth of his penetration^ and the exact- ''•^

ness of his judgment. See Class IX.

* It bas been said, tbat he was the first lay-chanceUor siiice the reign of Heivy Q*
But it b certain that'Becket, who was chancellor in that reign, was in holy'orden jj
when he bore that office, though he had thrown o£f the clerical habit.

OF ENGLAND. 135

Familia Thom^ Moef. Johannes Holbein ad Vivum
dtUn. Lcfndifii 1530. Christian Mechel sculp. 1787,
sheet.

Familia Thomje Mori. A Jo. Holbe?iio delineata. —
1. Jo. Morus^ Thorns pater J An. 76. — 2. Anna Grisa-
cria, Jo. Mori sponsa^ An. 15. — 3. Thomas Morus^ An.
50. — 4. Alicia^ Thtmue Mori uxor^ An. 57. — 5. Mar-
garita Ropera^ Th. Morijilia^ An. 22. — 6. Elisabeta,
Damsaa, Th. Morijilia^ An. 21. — 7. Ccecilia Heronia,
Th. Morijiliaj An. 20. — 8. Jo. Morus^ JTi.Jilius, An.
19. — 9. Margarita Gige affinis, An. 22, — 10. Henricus
PatensonuSy Th. Mori morioy An. 40. — Cochin so. The
engraving is only an outline; large oblong h. sb.; very
scarce. It belongs to a book^ called " Tabellce selecttB
Catharine Patincey' 1691,jfe/.

Familia TnoMiE Mori. Copied by VertuCyfrom the
next above, for Dr, Knight's ^* Life of Erasmus,' 1 726,

The plate of this is lost.

Sitt John Mor£. Holbein pin. F. Bartolozzi sc.
From the Royal Collection.
Sir John More. Dalton sc. From the same.

Sir John More. H. Holbein. E. Scriven^ 1816 ;
in Mr, Jjodges^' Illustrious Portraits''

JOHANNES MORUS, Pater.

He was many years a puisne judge of the King's Bench. It is
observable, that his son, in passing through Westminster Hall to
the Chancery, never failed to fall on his knees and ask his blessing,
whenever be saw him sitting in the court. Ob. 1^33. Mt. arc 90,

ANNA GRISACRIA.

Sir John More married this lady in his old age.

ALICIA,

Second wife of Sir Thomas More, by whom he had no issue.

136 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY

MARGARITA ROPERA,

Eldest daughter of Sir Thomas More, married to William Roper,

son and heir of John Roper, esq. prothonotary of the Kings
Bench.

Tills lady, who inherited the genius of her father in a very high
degree, was not only mistress of the fashionable accomplishments
of her sex, hut was also a great proficient in languages, arts, and
sciences. The parental and filial affection between the father and
the daughter, was increased by every principle of endearment that
could compose the most perfect friendship. She died in 1544;
and was buried, according to her dying request/ with her fathei^s
head in her arms.*

ELIS. PAMSiEA,

' Second daughter of Sir Thomas More, married to John Dancjr, *
son and heir to Sir Jphn Dancy* . ,

CMCIUA HERONIA, . j

Third daughter to Sir Thomas More, married to Giles Heron, of i
Shacklewell, in Middlesex, esq. \

CiECiLiA Heron ia; small oval. J. Thane.
JO. MORUS,

Only son of Sir Thomas More. His father's jest in regard to
his capacity is well known : there was undoubtedly more wit than
truth in it ; as Erasmus speak» of him as a youth of great hopes^t
and has inscribed to him his account of the w(^ks of Aristotle.}

* Her body is in the Roper^ vault, at St Dunstan's charcli, Canterbory ; netf
which, part of their ancient seat is still remaining. In the wall of this Tault is a smtD
niche, where, behind an iron grate, is kept a seal!, called Sir Thomas More's; wbB
Mr. Gosling, a learned and worthy clergyman of Canterbary,$ informs me be b*
seen several times, on the opening of tbe vault for some of the late Sir £d^
Bering's family, whose first lady was a descendant of the Ropers*

t Epist. lib. 29. No. 16.

t The episUe dedicatory of Grynaeus before the Basil edition of Plato's Worbi
ful. 1534, is addressed to him.

$ I am much obliged to this gentleman, and Mr. Duiicombe, another learned and 1
worthy clergyman of the same place, for several useful and curious notices relative i
to this work. ^

LORD DENNY.

or ENGLAND- i37

HENRY PATENSON, fool to Sir T. More ; ^malL
Henricus Patensonus, Mono, &c.

Fool to Sir ThomaSy wbo would sometimes descend to little
nffboneries himself. " Vale More (says Erasmus to him), et Mo-
iam tuam gnaviter defende.*** After his resignatiou of the great
383, he gave this fool to ** my lord mayor, and his successors.^'
he proverbial saying of ** my lord mayor* s fool,** probably Paten-
m, is too well Imown to be repeated here* Sir Thomas More's
bildren, and their families, lived in the same house with him at
Ihelsea.

CLASS VIL

OFFICERS OF THE ARMY, &c.

THOMAS HOWARD, duke of Norfolk, who was
.ppomted captain-general of all the king's forces in
he ncNTth, 34 Hen. VIIL, signalized his valour upon
aany occasions in this reign. See Class II.

JOHN, LORD RUSSEL, afterward earl of Bed-
brd, captain-general of the vanguard of the royal
irmy at Boulogne, , gained great reputation as a
(oldier at this period.t See the next reign. Class 11.

CLASS VIIL

KNIGHTS, GENTLEMEN, &c.

LORD (Sir Ant.) DENNY; Anm 1541, M. 29.
H. Holbein p. Hollar /• ex Collect. Arundel. 1647;
roundy small 4to.

A copy by W. Richardson.

• Dedication of the ** Moria Encomium."

t lie lost 000 of bis ejes at the siege of Montrcil ; for which, and other services,
he was made comptroller of the king's household, knight of the garter, &€.

VOL. I. T

138 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY [

Lord Dennt (Sir Ant.) Holbein. E. Har^ng,
jun. sculp.; in Harding's Shakspeare.

Sir Anthony Denny, who was one of the gentlemen of the privy-
. chamber and groom of the stole to Henry VIII. was the only person ;:
about the king, who, in his last illness, had the courage to inform j
him of the near approach of death. He was one of the executors of ^
the king's will, and was of the priyy->Gouncil in the next reign.* |
The first peer of this family was Edw;ard, lord Denny, created a
baron, 3 Jac. I. and earl pf Norwich, 3 Car. I.

SIR NICHOLAS CAREW ; from an mgird j!
picture. Wm. Taylor sc. 4to.

Sir Nicholas Carew was beheaded on Tower-hill, March 3, 1539, ^
on a charge of high-treason ; being concerned (with others) in the
alleged attempt to dethrone Henry VIII. and set Cardinal Pole on
the throne. The Marquis .of Exeter, Lord Montacute, and Sir
Edward Neville, all parties in the conspiracy, suffered at the same
time. Sir Nicholas CareW was buried in St. Botolph's chordi)
Aldgate, where a monument remains sacred to the memory of Urn- t
self, his wife Elizabeth, and his daughter Mary, married to Arthur,
lord Darcy.

RICHARDUS SUTTON, eques auratus. Aula [
Regite, et Coll. JEnei Nasi Fundr. Alter, Anno Dcftnf* ^
1612. jr. Faberf. large Ato. mezz. See Gul. Smyth, ^
Class IV.

THOMAS DOCWRA, ordinis S. Jokannis Hiero- a

solum, vulgo de Malta, Pras. in Anglia, et eques ult» t

whole length, h. sh. ; in Segar's " Honours,''^ foL (TT. *

Rogers.) \

This order, which is partly religious, and partly military, was . .
abolished in England by Henry VIII. z

SIR GILES ALLINGTON, in the print with
Ale^v. Barclay.

* For a farther account of Sir Anthony Denny and liis family, see Dr. Thomas
Fuller*s" History of Waltham Abbej/'p. 12,13.

OF ENGLAND. "" 139

Sir Giles Allington, of Bower-hall, in Horseheathy in the county
of Cambridge, was master of the ordnance to King Henry VIII.
iras at the siege of Boulogne, and brought from thence a bell ;
which, within Ihe memory of man, was used as a dinner-bell at
Horseheath-halL Sir Giles, or his son of the same name, enter-
tained Queen Elizabeth at * Horseheath in the year 1578, in her
progress from Norwich to London. He seems to have been an
CBcourager of learning by Barclay's dedicating this book to him.

SIR THOMAS KYTSON. Holbein pin^. From
the original at Hengrave. Sievier del. 4to. in Gage's
History and Antiquities of Hengr/ive, in Suffolk.

Sir Thomas Kytson, citizen and mercer of London, commonly
called Kytson the merchant ; had very extensive mercanUle trans-
actions, particularly at the cloth fairs or staples holden at Antwerp,
Hiddleburg, and other places in Flanders, "by the merchant adven-
turers, to which company he belonged. He was sheriff of London
in 1533, previously to which he had been knighted. In the 4th
year of the reign of Henry VIII. Sir Thomas purchased the manor
of Hengrave, in Suffolk, and Colston Basset, from the trustees of
Edward Stafford, duke of Buckingham ; but upon the attainder and
subsequent execution of that nobleman, the aforesaid manors were
claimed as escheats to the crown, for treason committed by the said
nobleman previous to the sale to Sir Thomas Kytson ; however^
upon petition, the king restored to Sir Thomas the estates, and the
same were confirmed to him by an act of parliament, passed in the
15th year of that king's reign.

The importance of Sir Thomas Kytson in the city may be inferred
from the minute relating to the seizure of Hengrave by the crown,
in which he intimates that the heavy impost on the citizens had
been imputed to his influence. In the same document he notices
the large contributions by himself. The mansion of Hengrave is a
monument of his magnificence. He purchased considerable estates
in the counties of Suffolk, Devon, Dorset, Somerset, and Notting-
ham. He died the 11th of September, 1540, aged fifty-five.

140 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY

CLASS IX.

MEN OF GENIUS AND LEARNING.
HENRY VIII. &c. Defender of the Faith ; Ato.

I have placed Henrj VHI. as an author, at the head'of the
learned men of thb reign ;* a place which that Tain prince vouid
probably hare taken himself, with as little ceremony as he did that
of head of the church. He was author of the *' Assertion of the
Seven Sacraments," against Martin Luther, for which he had tbe
title of Defender of the Faith.f This hook' was first printed in
1521. He was also the reputed author of the '* Primer*' which
goes under his name, and of Uie *^ Institution of a Christian Man.".
This hook, which is in Latin, is most prohably not of the kmgs
composition,, but the joint work of sereral eminent clergymen.l

PHYSICIANS.

ANDREW BOARD, standingy whole length. Hol-
bein pinjc. Clamp sculp.

Andrew Borde; in Latin, Andreas Perforatus,
physician to Henry VIII. and an admired wit in this
reign. He is represented in a pew, with a canopy over
him ; he wears a gown with wide sleeves ^ and on his head
is a chaplet of laurel.

This portrait is fronting the seventh chapter of the followmg
book : '* The introduction of knowledge, the which dothe teache
a man to speake part of all maner of languages, and to know the
usage and fashion of all maner of countries : dedycated to the
right honourable and gracious lady, Mary, daughter of KingHeDry

-Bat if a king

More wise, more just, more leam'd, more every thing. — Pope.

t It is probable that Bishop Fisher had a great hand in this work.

t Henry should not only be remembered as an author, but as one skilled in
music, and a composer. '* An Anthem of his composition is sometimes sung at
Christ Church cathedral : it is what is called a full anthem, without any sok) part,
and the harmony is good." Barrington's '* Observations on the Statutes,*' &c>
p. 448,3d edit. Erasmus, in his Epistles, informs us, that he could not only justly
sing his part, but that he composed a service of four, five, or six parts.

OF ENGLAND. 141

the Eyght,*' Black letter, imprinted by William Coplande, without
date.

Before the first chapter, in which he has characterized an Eng-
lishman, is a wooden print of a naked man, with a piece of cloth
hanging on his right arm, and a pair of shears in his left band.
Under the print is > an inscription in verse ; of which these are the
four first lines :

<* I am an Englishnuui and naked I sUnd here,
Masmg in my njnde what rajment I shall were :
For now I will were thys, and now I will were that,
And now I will were, I cann6t tell what, &c.'*

Our author Borde is thus hinted at, in the bomijy '* Against Ex-
cesse of Apparel." " A certaine man that would picture every
countryman in his accustomed apparell, when he had painted other
nations, he pictured the Englishman all naked, &c" He was also
author of " The Breviary of Health ;"♦ "The Tales of the Mad
Men of Gotham,"t &c. See an account of him in Heame's Ap-
pendix to his preface to '' Benedictus Abbas Peti*oburgensis."

Borde was bom at Pevensey, in Sussex, and brought up at Ox-
ford ; but before he took a degree there, he entered himself a bro-
ther of the Carthusian order ; of which grown tired, and having a
rambling head and an inconstant mind, he travelled '* through and
round about Christendom and out of Christendom."

On his return he settled at Winchester, where he practised with
success. In 154^ he was at Montpelier, and probably took his
doctor's degree at Oxford.! At length, " after many rambles to
smd fro, he was made a close prisoner in the wards of the' Fleet .in
London," though the reason of his confinement is not discovered.
He died in April 1549; his will being dated the 11th and proved
the 25th of that month.

Wood Athense Oxon. says, that our author, Borde, was esteemed
a noted poet, a witty and ingenious person, and an excellent phy-
sician of his time. See Gent. Mag. vol. lix. p. 7.

WILLIAM BUTTS ; in Harding s Shakspeare, after
Holbein. W. N. Gardiner so.

• fiefore this book, printed 1557, is his portrait, a whole lehgth, with a Bible
before him.

t A book not yet Ibrgotten.

X He took his doctor's degree at Cambridge; and in 1519 petitioned to be in-
corporated ad eundem at Oxford.

142 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY

William Bvtts. Holbein, W. Hollar, I6i9. AdM Y

■\

Alexius Bierlhig exc.
William Butts ; in the Royal Collection. \

Wmiam Butts, physician to Henry VIII. and one of the founds
of the College of Physicians, in whose records he is menti<Hied wiA
honour, as a man of great learning and experience,- and ranch ex-
tolled for his learning, hy divers of his ootemporaries : Bidiop John
Parkhurst has several epigrams on him. He died in 1545, and lies
buried in the church of Fulham. See his portrait in the dehvery of
the charter to the surgeons^ described Class L See Cients. Maga-
zbe 1812, p. 431.

POETS.

SIR THOMAS WYATT ; a wooden print, after a
painting of Hans Holbein. Frontispiece to the book of
verses on his death, cfititled, ^^Ntenia,** published by
Lelandj who wrote the following elegant inscription
under the head; 4to.

<' Holbenus nitida pingendi maximus arte,

Effigiem expressit graphic^, sed nullus Apelles
' Exprimet ingenium felix, animumque Viati."

This print hath been copied by Michael Burghers
and Mr. Tyson. The drawing of this head by Holbein,
at Buckingham House,* is esteemed a masterpiece.

Sir Thomas Wyatt. Holbein jnnx. F. Bartotoszi
sc. In the Royal Collection,

Sir Thomas Wyatt. Dalton sc.from ditto.

Sir Thomas Wyatt. Holbein. Scriven sc. Inthe
Works of Henry Howard, earl of Surrey, and Sir Tho-
mas Wyatt, by G. F. Nott, D.D.2vols. Ato. 1816.

Sir Thomas Wyatt was one of the most learned and accomplished
persons of his time, and much in favour with Henry VIII. by whom

* Holbein's drawings liave been removed from Kensington to Buckingham Hoisc
in St. Janies*s Park.

OF ENGLAND. 143

fe was employed in several embassies. Some of his pioelical pieces
were printed in 1565> with the works of his intimate friend the Earl
of Surrey^ who, with Sir Thomas, had a great hand' in refining^ the
English language. He was the first of his countrymen that trans-
lated the whole book of Psalms into verse. Ob. 154<1, JEt. 38.
Mr. Walpole in No. 2. of his ** Miscellaneous Antiquities/' has given
U3 a cnrions and elegant account of his life.

THOMAS LEGGE, master ofCaius Coll. J.Jones
8C. small mez. from the picture at that college. Twenty
proofs only were wrought off^ when the plate was de-
stroyed.

Thomas Legge, bom at Norwich, became a member of Trinity
and Jesus Colleges in Cambridge, where he acquired a consider-
able reputation as a dramatic writer. He was afterward made the
second master of Gonvil and Caius Colleges, a doctor in the court
of arches, one of the masters in chancery, the king's law professor,
and twice vice-chancellor of Cambridge. He died 1607, JEt. 72.

MISCELLANEOUS AUTHORS.

THOMAS MORUS, &c. very neatly engraved, de-
dicated to the chancellor of Liege, by Jo. Valder, 1621,
12mo.

Sir Thomas More was a great master of the elegant learning of
the ancients.* His .** Utopia/' a kind of political romance, which
gained him the highest reputation as an author, is an idea of aper-
fect republic, in an island supposed to be newly discovered in
America. As this was the age of discoveries, it was taken for true
history by the learned Budeeus, and others ; who thought it bighly
expedient, that missionaries should be sent to convert so wise a
people to Christianity.f He was beheaded for denying the king's
supremacy, 6 July, 1535, Mt. 53. See Class VI.

The following lines are attributed to Sir Thomas More : if they
do not establish his reputation as a poet, they at least confirm the

* See bis Epistles to Era^mas.

t There is a loDg letter of the famous Oer. Jdao Vossins upon the « Utopia."
See his (Vossi) Epistolse, Lond. 1693, fol.

144 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY

account of the more than philosophic indifference with which In
went to his execution :

" If evils come oot, then onr fears are vain ;
And if they do, fear but aagmetits the pain.*'

JOHANNES LUDOVICUS VIVES; in Boi^
card's " Bibliotheca Chalcographica,'' 4to*

Johannes Ludovicus Vives, in Frehems.

John Lewis Vives was a native of Valencia in Spain* He studied
^t Louvaine, where he became acquainted with Erasmus, and
assisted him in several of his estimable works. He was in 1523
appointed one of the first fellows of Corpus Christi College, Oxfoid,
by Bishop Fox the founder*

Soon after his arrival in England, he read Cardinal Wolsey's
Lecture of Humanity in the refectory of that college, and had the \
king, queen, and principal persons of the court for hb auditors.
He instructed the princess Mary in the Latin tongue. Ob, 1541,
His works, the chief of which was his comment on St. Augustin
*' De Civitate Dei," were printed at Basil, in two vols. fol. 1555*

JOHN STANBRIDGE, done in wood; sitting in a
chair y gown, hood on his shoulders. Before his " Em-
bryon relimatunij sive Vocabularium metricum^ printed
in black letter, in, or about the year 1 622 ; Ato. This has
been copied on copper.

This author, who was one of the most x^onsiderable grammarians,
and best schoolmasters of his time, was many years master of the
school adjoining to Magdalen College, in Oxford.

WILLIAM LILLY, master of St. PauTs. School, ;
JEt. 52, 1520 ; hand on a book, arms of Lilly.

. William Lilly, or Lilye, was born at Odyham * in Hampshire, .
elected one of the dernies or semi-commoners of Magdalen College,
Oxford, 1486. He took one degree in arts and went on his travel \
to Jerusalem. In his return he made some stay at the Isle of i
Rhodes, where he perfected himself in Greek and Latin, and at

* There Is an edition, Frankfort or Hamburgh, 2 vols. 4to.'1661i in which all the i
passages supposed to be heretical, or which reflect on the clergy, arc marked with
aji asterisk (♦). ]

OF ENGLAND. 145

•

ftome heard Su^ius and Sabmui read and teach Latin. At his
neturn to London, he tanght grammar, poetry, and rhetoric, with
^eat success, and was by Dean Colet made first master of St
Paul's School ; after which he published his well-known grammar
uid other school-books. He died of the plague 1522. His son
Greorge, who was canon of St. PauFs, is said to have published the
first exact map of Britain ; and erected a monument to the me-
mory of his learned fieUher in St. Paul's church.

CLASS X.

PAINTERS, ARTIFICERS, &c^

HANS HOLBEIN, junior, Basiliensis. Sandrart
dd. 8w.

Joannes Holbenus ; in the set of painters by
if. Hondius; h. sh.

Hans Holbein. Vorsterman sc. holding the pencil
in his left hand. Probably reversed, by being copied from
another print. This occasioned the mistake of his being
left-handed.

Hans Holbein; in a rounds JEt. 45, Anno 1543.
Hollar f \2mo.

Giovanni Holbein, &c. sui ipsius effigiatory JEt.
45. Menabuoni del. Billiy sc. h. sh. One of a set of
lieads of painters done by themselves, in the Grand
Duke's gallery at Florence.

Johannes Holbein; ipse p. And.Stokiusfh.sh.
Hans Holbein. Gaywoodf. Ato.

. Hans Holbein. Chambarssc.Ato. Inthe^^Anec^
dotes of Painting,'' Sgc.

Hans Holbein- See his portrait in a groupe, in
the print of Edward VI. delivering the charter of
BrideweH.

VOL. 1. y

146 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY

Helbeit), who may be deemed a self-taught gtnius, was acde-
brated painter tf history and portrait^ In tfais^ aad the foUowiog
reign. His eamatioos,* and indeed all his colours.^ are exquisite,
and have the strongest charactera of troth and nature. He«ai
recommended to Sir Thomas More by Erasmus, and sufficientif
recommended himself to Henry VIII. who was struck with joit
admiration at the sight of an assemblage of his portraits in Sff
Thomas's hall. He was the first reformer of the Gothic style sf
architecture in England. Ob. 1554, JEt 56.-

THEOD. BARNARDUS (f;e/ Bernardus), 4^c.
four Latin verses. H. H. exc. Ato.

Theod. Barnard. Goltzius.

Theodore Bernard, or Bemardi, a native of Amsterdam, studied
under various masters ; particularly Titian. He, as Vertue thongfat,
painted the pictures of the kings and bishops in the cathedral of
Chichester. There is a family, supposed to be descended from
him, still remaining in the neighbourhood of that city* See *^ Aneei
of Painting," i. 109, 2d. edit.

Mr. MORETT. Holbein p. Hollar f. ex Collect
Arundel. 1647 ; small Ato.

Morett was goldsmith to King Henry VIII. and an excellent
artist. He did many carious works after Holbein's designs.

HANS van ZURCH, Goldsmidt. Holbein p. 1532.
Hollar/. 1647, ex Coll. Arund.

In Mr. West^s collection was a curious carving in box by this
artist, inscribed, <^ Zurch Londini."

PRINTERS.

WYNKEN DE WORDE, printer; a small ml,
cut in wood; in Ames's " Typographical AntiquitieSy&r
Historical Account of Printing in Englaf^.'' Under
the head are the initials of Caxtoris ^mmeywhwh he (A
first used. He was long a servant to Caxtw, endj/hu-
risked in the reign of Henry VIZ. and VIII.

♦ Flesh colours.

OF ENGLAND. 147

Mr. Ames informs us, that he and his numerous servants per-
formed all parts of the printing business ; and that the most ancient
printers were also bookbinders and booksellers. The two latter
Jbnmches were carried on, at least, under their inspection. The
tftme author adds, that he *' cut a new set of punches, which he
sunk into matrices, and cast several sorts of printing* letters, which
he afterward used ; and Mr. Palmer, the printer, says, the same
are used by all the printers in London to this day, and believes they
were struck from his punches/'*

Mr. Pahner here goes rather too far* The fact, however, is, that
Ae best printing types were imported from Holland, At length an
English artist arose, who reversed the tables, and exported types to
the continent. It is almost needless to mention the name of Caslon;
as the types of his son continue still in universal esteem, notwith-
standing the acknowledged excellence of those cast by Jackson*
a papil of the elder Caslon^ and the striking neatness of those by
Wilson of Glasgow.

RICHARD PINSON, esq. printer to King Henry
VII. and VIII. a small oval; in Ames's book.

Pinson was also a servant to Caxton. He was bom in Nor-
mandy, and died about the year 1528.

ROBERT COPLAND, printer, betwia^t a 'porter
and a beggar, a ivooden cut. It belongs to a qtcarto
pamphlet, entitled, " The Bye Way to the Spyttdl House,''
which is a quaint dialogtie in verse, and begins with " The
Prologue of Robert Copland, Compylar and Prynter of
this Boke:'

Robert Copland. Thane.

RICHARD GiKkVTO^, esq. printer; a small oval,
cut in wood, with the initials of his name, and a rebus.

Richard Grafton was born in London, and flourished in the
reigns of Henry VIII. Edward VI. Mary, and Elizabeth. In his
own name were published^ " An Abridgement of the Chronicles of
England," and " A Chronicle, and large meere History of the

• *• Ames's Tjpog, Antiq." p. 80.

148 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY

Affayers of England, and Ki'ngea of the same ; deduced from tbe
Creation of the World," &c. 1569. His rebus is a tun, and i
grafted tree growing through it. The head of Grafton, and tlial
of the nest person, are in Ames's History; where the author hu,
with great industry, compiled catalogues of books printed by Ihc
artisans whom he has commemorated.

REYNOLD WOLF, esq. king's printer ; an ovai
within a $qutire, cut in wood.

Wolf, who was a Oennan or a Swiss, wu a great collectw o[
' sntiqnitieB, and fiimished Ralph Hotinshed, who wu one of hit
esecutors, with the bulk of the materials for his " Chronicle.'' He
made his will the 9th of January, 1473-4, and prt^Mblf died mod
after. His device was the Braiea Serpent^ whiidi wu aln Ik
sign. ■""■

The books printed by these, and other old printers, have, oflBte
years, been eagerly bought up, at immoderate prices ; and fortho
most past by capricious collectors, who regarded Caxton and Wyo-
kyn as highly as Tom Folio is stiid to have esteemed Aldus and
^zevir.* Some have preposterously considered ibese books as
golden mines of English literature, 'i^ie contents our modem
writers have been continually draining, refining, and beating thio, lo
display with pomp and ostentation. But there are Hveral lei^Bcd
and ingenious gentlemen, whom I could nam^ who hsna tmntd
over our books in the black letter to some purpose, and ImTe,b;
their he^, illustrated Sbakspeare, and other celebrated wrilm<

CLASS XI.

LADIES.

CATHARINA BOLENA, &c. mil; arms; Urn.

This lady was aunt and governess of the Princess Elizabeth.

The LADY GULDEFORDE (or Guilford), J^.
28, 1527. El- Collect. Arundel. H. Holbein p. W.
Hollar/, small 4to.

• Taltec, Mo- 1^ '

THE lADY GfVXiDEFORDE

■y^mtufrntiT

OF ENGLAND. 149

This lady was wife of Sir Henry Guldeforde, comptroUer of the
boQsehold to Henry VHI. I take her to be Mary, daughter of Sir
Robert Wooton, second wife to Sir Henry. His first was Mary,
daughter of Sir Thomas Bryan.

CLASS XII.
PERSONS OF BOTH SEXES,

R£MARKABL£ ONLY FROM A SINGLE CIRCUMSTANCE

IK THEIR LIVES.

WILLIAM SOMMERS, King Henry the Eighth s
jester.* Fran. DeL (Delaram) sc. In a long tunic ;
JI. R. an his breast ; a chain and a horn in his hand.
Eght English verses. Engraved from a painting of
Hans Holbein, whole length, h. sh. very scarce. There
it a portrait of him at Kensington, looking through a
leaded casement.

Will. Sommers ; copied from the last by W. Rich-
ardson.

William Sommers, looking through a leaded case-
ment ; from an ancient picture in the collection of
Richard Aldworth Nevill,esq. R. Clamp sc. Engraved
for Caul/ield's " Memoirs of Remarkable Persons."''

Will. Sommers ¥ras some time a servant in the family of Richard
Farmor, esq. of Eston Neston, in Northamptonshire, ancestor to
lie Earl of Pomfret. This gentleman was found guilty of a prctmu-
fire in the reign of Henry VIII. for sending eight-pence and a cou-
de of shirts to a priest, convicted of denying the king's supremacy,
ffho was then a prisoner in the gaol at Buckingham. The rapacious
nonarch seized whatever he was possessed of, and reduced him to
I state of miserable dependance. Will. Sommers, touched with

* That species of wit, which was the province of William Sommers, and other
offoons, in this, and several of the succeeding reigns, became the hig!ic»t rccom-
lendalion of a courier in the reign of Charles II.

150 BIOGRATHICAL HISTORY

I

compassion for his uhhaippy master, is said to have dropped some
expressions in the king's last illness, which reached the consdenceof
that merciless prince ; and to have caused the remains of his estate,
which had been much dismembered, to be restored to him.*

ELYNOR RUMMIN (or Eleynour of Rum-
myng), an old, ill-favoured vxnnany holding a black pt
in her hand; a wooden print: frontispiece to one 9^
Skelton's pieces^ called by her name: under the print an
these lines : {very rare.)

" When Skelton wore the lawrel crowne.
My ale put all the ale-wives downe.'* 4to.

There are good copies of this by Richardson and,

Elynor Rummin lived, and sold ale, near Leatfaeihead in
Skelton was probably one of her best customers. The coi
works of this poet, which contain little beside coarse obscenitj tftt
low ribaldry, were reprinted in octavo, 1736.

I shall here, and at the end of most of the subsequent reigipy
take occasion to introduce a few remarks on the dress and fashkiui
of the times, as they occur to me, without any design of hAg
particular.

In the reign of Richard II. the peaks, or tops, of shoes and boots
were worn of so enormous a length, that they were tied to Ae
knees, j: A law was made in the same reign, to limit them to two
inches.

Bulwer, who published his " Artificial Changling" about 1650,
mentions the revival of this fashion. " To wear our forked shoes
almost as long again as our foot ; but our boots and shoes are so
long snouted, that we can hardly kneel in God's house."

Hats were invented at Paris, 1404, by a Swiss : they were manu-
factured by Spaniards, in London, in the reign of Henry VIII. : be-
fore this, both men and women in England wore close-knit woollen
caps.

We are informed by several antiquaries, that in the time of Anne,
Richard's queen, the women of quality first wore trains, which oc-

• In the wardrobe account of Henry VIII. in the fourth vol. of the Arch«o-
logia, page 249, is an account of the dresses made for Will. Soroniers.
f Aubrey's " Antiquities of Surrey."
i Baker's Cbron. p. 310.

ir

£i:.xN0VB Rvu u in,
The famous Ale-wife of Hiagland.
en by Mr. ShdUm, Poet Laureat to King
Henry the eight.

When Skelton wore the Lawrell Crowned
My Ale put all the Ah-wiues damte.

LONDOK

Printed for Samuel HomJ l6S4.

he Original, in the Library of the Cathedral Charch at
Lincoln.

Published, March lit, 1821,
By W.BxwNsa and Son, Pateinostei tUmi.

OF ENGLAND. 151

ned a well-meaning author to write '^ contra Caudas Domina*
"* The same queen introduced sidesaddles^f Before, the
lish ladies rode as the French do at present ; and as it is pre-
id the English will again, if some woman of beauty, rank, and
:, one of the charioteers, for instance, should set the example.^
es who throw a whip, and manage a pair of horses, to admira-
would doubtless ride a single one with equal grace and dex-
f. It is strange that, in a polished age, the French have not
1 followed in so safe, so natural, and so convenient a practice,
he variety of dresses worn in the reign of Henry the Eighth,
be concluded from the print of the naked Englishman, holding
ice of cloth, and a pair of shears, in Borde's '* Introduction to
wledge.''§ The dress of the king and the nobles , in the be-
ing of this reign, was not unlike that worn by the yeomen of
{uard at present. This was, probably, aped by inferior persons,
recorded, *' that Anne Bolen wore yellow mourning for Catha-
of Arragon.'Tl

s far as I have been able to trace the growth of the beard from,
raits, and other remains of antiquity, I find that it never flou-
)d more in England, than in the century preceding the Norm;^
|uest. That of Edward the Confessor was remarkably large, as
jars firom his seal in Speed's *< Theatre of Great Britain."
T the Conqueror took possession of the kingdom beards became
shionable, and were probably looked upon as badges of dis-
Ity, as the Normans wore only whiskers. It is said, that the
lish spies took those invaders for an army of priests, as they ap^
ed to be without beards.

V'ide " Collectanea Historica ex Dictionario Theologico Thomae Gascoigtiii,^
ined to Walter HemingCord, published by Heame, p. 512.
^ossi " Wafwicen3is Historica/* p. 205.

t Sesostris like» such charioteers as these
May drive six hamess'd monarchs, if they please. — Young.

lee Qass IX.

' Anecdotes of Painting." The same circumstance u in Hall's " GhroBicIe,"
the addition of Henry's wearing white mourning for the unfortunate Anne
1. Crimson would have been a much more suitable colour. See Hall,
!7, 228.

156 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY

bis excellences, raised him to great honours. He died the 28th of
May, 1521.

JOHANNES SLEIDANUS, &c. natus Sleid«,
A. D. 1506. Legatus in Anglia pro-Protestantibus,
1545, &c. W. F. (Faithorne)f. In the English trans-
lation of his History yfoL

Joannes Sleydanus; /owr Latin vers'es^ H. H.f.
in Verheiden, 1604.

JoHANNis Sleidani; four Latin lines at top^ and
deven at bottom; quarto.

John Sleidan, who was born at Sleid% near Cologpne, was, in the
early part of his life, a domestic of Cardinal de Bellaj. He, on
several occasions, acquitted himself with honour as an ambassador;
particularly in his embassy to Henry VIII. from the whole body oC
Protestants in France. His '' Commentaries," written with can«^
dour, spirit, and politeness, is the most considerable of his woi^
We are told, in the " life of Dr. Swift,"^ that this was one of the
books which he read at Moor Park^ and that he took from it large
extracts. It was probably recommended to him by Sir William
Temple, who was eminently read in history. The author died in
1556.t

SYMON GRYNiEUS, philos. et theol. nose. Fe-
ringce in Suevia, A''. 1493; Ob. Basilece, A"". 154L;
Kal. Aug. From Boissard; 4to.

Simon GayN^Eua; four Latin verses; in Verheiden,

Simon Gryn^us; a wood-cut.

Simon Grynjeus ; in Freherus, p. 1442, No. 68.

Gryn«us, who studied at Oxford about the year 1532, was emi-
nent for his skill in the Latin, Greek, and Hebrew, languages ; and
for his knowledge in philosophy and the mathematics. Mr. Wood
informs us, that when he lefl the kingdom, he made no scruple o^
carrying away several Greek books with him,^ which he had taken

• See Dean Swift's "Life of Swift," p. 276.

t See a great and just character of him in Schelfaorne*8 '* Amoenitatcs Hist^Ecclei.
ft Lit." Umi* i. p. 4.

OF ENGLAND. 153

Carolus v. with his dog. Titian; Fersehnd; 1778.'

Carolus V, profile^ large ovaly wood-cut y rare.

Charles V. on horseback. Vandyke; Richard Ear-
lorn, mezz. half sheet.

Charles V. emperor of Germany and king of Spain, is said to have
Veen a great politician at sixteen years of age. But it is certain
that his geniuSj which was solid and very extfaordinary, was not of
the quickest growth. His wars^ and his vast designs, which were
hown to every one conversant with history, are now better known
than ever, by the work of an historian that does the greatest honour
to the Scots nation. He came to England twice in this reign, to Ini55C
mit the king, to whom he paid his court as the arbiter of Europe ; as ^ ^ ^
Henry then held the balance between him, and Francis I. of France.
Tired of those' active and busy scenes in which he had been long
engaged, he, in the latter part of his life, resigned his kingdoms to.
his brother and his son, and retired into a monastery. He was
thought to have been very strongly inclined to the religion which he
persecuted.* Some days before his death, he commanded his fu-
neral procession to pass before him in the same order as it did after
his decease. Ob. 21 Sept. 1558. He was elected knight of the
garter in the reign of Henry VII. and personally installed at
Windsor, 1522.

FERDINANDUS, D. G. Rom. Imp. a large me-
dallion ; in the " Continuation of Golzius's Series of the
Emperors.''

Ferdinand I. ^t. 29, 1531. B. B. probably a
companion to Charles V.

Ferdinandus Dei Gratia Romanorum, &c. One
of the set by F. Hogenberg^ quarto.

Francois I. Du Rom. &c. Thomas de Leu; octavo,^

Ferdinand was brother to Charles V. and his successor in the
empire. He was elected knight of the garter the 23d of April,
1522, when he was archduke of Austria, and king of the Roman's.

- * AHoat 200,000 men are said to have been kiOed, lipon the account of ffe]%itfii
in the ireign of this prince. ^

VOL. I. X

OF ENGLAND. 149

This lady was wife of Sir Henry Guldeforde, comptroller of the
household to Henry VHl. I take her to be Mary, daughter of Sir
Jlobert Wooton, second wife to Sir Henry. His first was Mary,
daughter of Sir Thomas Bryan.

•0»m

CLASS XII.
PERSONS OF BOTH SEXES,

EEMARKABLE ONLY FROM A SINGLE CIRCU^ISTANCE

IN THEIR LIVES.

WILLIAM SOMMERS, King Henry the Eighth's
jester.* D^an. Del. (Delaram) sc. In a long tunic ;
■H. R. an his breast ; a chain and a horn in his hand.
Eight English verses. Engraved from a painting of
Hans Holbein, whole length, h. sh. very scarce. There

its a portrait of him at Kensingto?i, lookifig through a
leaded casement.
"Will. Sommers ; copied from the last by W. Rich-

\ . William Sommers, looking through a leaded case-
ment ; from an ancient picture in the collection of
Richard Aldworth Nevill, esq. R. Clamp sc. Engraved
for Caulfield's " Memoirs of Remarkable Persons.'''

Will. Sommers was some time a servant in the family of Richard

-Farmor, esq. of Eston Neston, in Northamptonshire, ancestor to

■the Earl of Pomfret. This gentleman was found guilty of a prctmu-

jore in the reign of Henry VIII. for sending eight-pence and a cou-

^1^ of shirts to a priest, convicted of denying the king's supremacy,

was then a prisoner in the gaol at Buckingham. The rapacious

seized whatever he was possessed of, and reduced him to

";. a state of miserable dependance. Will. Sommers, touched with

* That species of wit, which was the province of William Sommers, and other
boffoons, in this, and several of the succeeding reigns, became the highest recom-
mendation of a courtier in the reign of Charles XL

150 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY

•

compassion for his unhappy master, is said to have dropped some
expressions in the king's last illness, which reached the consdeoceof
diat merciless prince ; and to have caused the remains of his estate,
which had been much dismembered, to be restored to him,*

ELYNOR RUMMIN (or Elefnour of Rom-
myng), an old, ill-favaured womany holding a black ft
in her hand; a wooden print: frontispiece to one tf
Skelton^s pieces ^ called by her name: under the print an

these lines : {very rare.)

- •

" When Skelton wore the lawrel crowne.
My ale put all the ale-wives downe." 4to.

There are good copies of this by Richardson and.

Elynor Rummin lived, and sold ale, near Leatlieiliead in
Skelton was probably one of her best customers. The coi
works of this poet, which contain little beside coarse obscenity ttl
low ribaldry, were reprinted in octavo, 1736, '

I shall here, and at the end of most of the subsequent reig^
take occasion to introduce a few remarks on the dress and ftislikH
of the times, as they occur to me, without any design of beng
particular.

In the reign of Richard II. the peaks, or tops, of shoes and boots
were worn of so enormous a length, that they were tied to 4e
knees.;]: A law was made in the same reign, to limit them to two
inches.

Bulwer, who published his '^ Artificial Changling" about 1650,
mentions the revival of this fashion. " To wear our forked shoes
almost as long again as our foot ; but our boots and shoes are so
long snouted, that we can hardly kneel in God's house."

Hats were invented at Paris, 1404, by a Swiss : they were manu-
factured by Spaniards, in London, in the reign of Henry VIII. : be-
fore this, both men and women in England wore close-knit woollen
caps.

We are informed by several antiquaries, that in the time of Anne,
Richard's queen, the women of quality first wore trains, which oc-

• In the wardrobe account of Henry VIII. in Ihe fourth vol. of the Archao-
logia, page 249, is an account of the dresses made for Will. Soniniers.

♦ Aubrey's *' Antiquities of Surrey.*'
X Baker's Cbron. p. 310.

OF ENGLAND. 163

feck J 1650; eight Latin verses by Richard Morisin ;
half sheet; rare.

Edward VI. mezz. Houston.

Edwakd VI. Holbein. Bartohzzi so. 1793, three
different ; from the Royal Collection.

Edward VI. Holbein. Dqlton sc. three different ;
from ditto.

Edward VI,; in Noble Authors by Parky 1806?

Edoardus, Dei Gratia Angl. Francia, et Hibem,
Rev. in cap and feathers; at bottom two Latin lines,
Rzxfuit ejptrefyni hi^ Edvardus, i^c. scarce.

Edwardus VI. &c. ; in the ^^ Atrium Heroicum Ca-
sarum, Regum, aliarumque Summatum et procerum, qui
intra proximum seculum vixere et hodie supersunt. Chal-
cographo et Editore Dominic. Custode Cive Aug. Vin-
deir Pars prima, Sgc^ XQ^Q^pars qaarta J 602; sm4ill
folio. A scarce qnd curious book : it is in the Bodleian
library.

!p)DWARD VI, sitting on his throtit, giving the Bible
to Archbishop Cranmer, nobles kneeling; Holbein del, a
wooden prints Ato. From Cranmer^s " Catechi^,'''
printf^ by Walter Lynn^ 1548.

Edward VI. giving the charter of Bridewell to the
lord mayor of London^ Sir George Barnes, knt. ^c.
On the right of the^ throne is the lord-chancellor , Tho.

, Goodrich y Huhop of Ely 9 standing ; on the 10 is Sir Ro^
bert Bowes, master qf the Rolls f The portrait with the
collar of the garter is William, earl of Pembroke ; be-
hind whorn js Hans Holbeifi the painter. — The two per-
sons kneeling behind the lord mayor, are William Ger-

' rard and John Maynard, aldermen^ and then sheriffs of
ffondon : their names are omitted in the inscription of

Of ENGLAND. 16^5

Edward Seymour, duke of Somerset; in Lar-
rey's^^ History. ^^ V. Gunst sc.

Edward Sey^iour, duke of Somerset, 8vo. W. N.
Gardiner sc. 1793.

Edward Seymour, duke of Somerset; in Park's
" Noble Authors^ 1806.

The Diikeof Somers^et, ancestor of the present Duke of Somerset Created i
and Earl of Hertford, was lord-protector of the kingdom, lord high- ^^^' ^^*
treasurer, and earl-marshsd, in this reign* Though his administra-
tion was not without blemishes, his conduct was generally regulated
by justice and humanity. He repealed the sanguinary and tyran-
okal laws of Henry VIH. and by gentle and prudent methods pro-
moted the great work of the reformation. Such was his love of
equity, that he erected a court of requests in his own house, to hear
and redress the grievances of the poor. His attachment to the re-
formed religion, but much more his envied greatness, drew upon hiih
die resentment of the fectious nobility, at the head of whom wa»his
own brother the lord-admiral, and John Dudley, earl of Warwick.*
He caused the former to be beheaded* and was soon after brought
to the block himself, by the intrigues of the latter, to whose crooked
politics, and ambitious views, he was the greatest obstacle. Exe-
cuted the 22d of Jan. 1551-2. See Class VII.

JOHN RUSSEL, the first earl of Bedford, 1549.
Houbrakm sc. Illtist. Head. In the collection of the
Duke of Bedford.

JoHif Buss£L> earl of Bedford. Holbein. Barto-
lozzif 1796. In the Royal Collection.

John Russel, earl of Bedford; from the same by
Dalton, inscribed lord privy-seal, with one eye.

John Russel, first earl of Bedford. W. Bond sc.
1815. From the original in the collection of his Grace
the Duke of Bedford; in Mr. Lodge's ^'Illustrious
Portraits'^

* Afterward Doke of Northumberland.

152 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY

APPENDIX

TO

THE REIGN OF HENRY VHL

FOREIGN PRINCES,

WHO WERE KNIGHTS OF THE GAaTER, &C.

CAROLUS V. Imperator, &c. JSneas Vicus Tar-
mensis sc. adorned with trophies and emblematicm
figures; wood-cut^ MDL*

This famous print raised the reputation of the engraTer, andpio
cured him a considerable reward from Charles himself.

Carolous v. Imperator, &c. Mneas Yicus Parnm
sis; same design as the last^ 1550.

Carolous V. Imperator, &c. Nich. de la Casah
tharingus fe& . the reverse way of the last.

Carolus V. Lombart sc. Frontispiece to his lifi
Ato.

The original, from which this last is engraved^ i
marked with B. B. near the top on the left hand, andu
very rare.

Both these prints represent him older than when he irasm
England.

Carolus V. Frisius sc.

Charles V. in an oval. P. Soutman. Francois.

Carolus V. in armour, very fine folio. Titian cni
Rubens.

OF ENGLAND. 167

Thomas Seymour, with his autograph. Thane excu.

Thomas Seyinoiir, baron of Sudley and lord-admiral of England,
was a younger brother of the protector Somerset. He was a man of
a good person and address ; and no stranger to the arts of the cour-
tier, or the gallantry of the lover. The impression which he made on
the heart of Catharine Parre, whom he married, and on that of the
Princess Elizabeth, whom he would have married, was, by credulous
people, in a credulous age, imputed to incantation. His love seems
to have been only a secondary passion, that was subservient to his
ambition.* His views were certainly aspiring ; and he was justly
regarded by his brother as an active and dangerous rival. Me was
executed, in consequence of an act of attainder, without even the
formality of a trial, the 9th of March, 1548-9. . Mr. Warton, in his
" life of Sir Thomas Pope," has given us a curious account of some
coquetries which passed between die Princess Elizabeth and the lord-
admiral.f

GULIELMUS HERBERTUS, comes Pembro-
chise ; in the " Heroologia,^' 8w.

There is a portrait of him in the delivery of the charter of Bride-
well, in the preceding Class.

This nobleman was esquire of the body to Henry VIII. a privy-
counsellor, and one of the executors of that king's will. He was'
nearly allied to Henry, by his marriage with Anne, sister to Catharine
Farre. He was, in this reign, constituted master of the horse, elected
a knight of the garter, and created earl of Pembroke. In the reign Cr. 155
of Mary, he was appointed general of the forces raised to suppress
Wyatt's rebelhon, and had the command of the army sent to defend
Calais. , He was lord-steward of the household in the reign of Eliza-
beth. . Ob. 1569, Mt. 63. His head may be placed in the last, men-
tioned reign.

* In ^e preamble to an act of parliament, in the second and third year of
Edward VI. entitled, ** An Act for the Attaynder of Sir Thomas Seymour, knight,
Lorde Seymour of Sudley, high-admiral of England,'* printed by Grafton; 1549,
folio, it is said, " that he would have done what he could secretly to have married
the Princess Elizabeth, as he did the late (/ueen, whom, it may appear, he married
first, and after sued to his majesty and the lord-protector, and their council, for his
preferment to it ; whom, nevertheless, it hath been credibly declared, he holped to
her end, to haste forward his other purpose."

t Vide Hayne's *' State Papers."

170 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY

the consent of the inward man of the Virgin, was made flesh."* See
the reign of Mary.

EDMUND BONNER, bishop of London, was
deprived 17 Sept. 1549, and was restored in the next
reign. See the reign of Mary.

NICOLAUS RIDL^US, (Episc. Loud.) Svo. in
the " Heroologia'^

Tr. from This pious and learned prelate, who was indefatigable in his la^
Rochester, bour to promote the reformation, had a considerable hand in the
j5^, ' Liturgy of the Church of England, which was first compiled, and
read in churches, by command of Edward YI. There was a second
edition published, with many alterations, in this reign. Both these
are to be seen in Hamon L'Estrange's <' Alliance of Divine Offices,
or Collection of all the Liturgies since the Reformation ;^' fol. f
The first copies are very scarce. See the next reign.

STEPHEN GARDINER, bishop of Winchester,
was imprisoned in the Fleet, and afterward in the
Tower, in this reign. Though he subscribed to aD
the alterations in religion by Edward VI. he was «till
regarded as a secret enemy to the reformation, and
was therefore deprived of his bishopric. See the
following reign.

THOMAS GOODRICK (Goodrich J), bishop of
Ely, lord-chancellor. His portrait is in the delivery
of the charter of Bridewell. See Class I.

Consec. Thomas Goodrich, who was some time a pensioner of Benet Coir
19 Ap. lege, in Csunbridge, and afterward a fellow of Jesus College, in
that university, was an eminent divine and civilian. He was one of
the revisers of the translation of the New Testament; and a com-
missioner for reforming the ecclesiastical laws, in the reigns of

• Baroet, vol. ii, col. 35.

t The second edition was printed in 1690.

X His name was Goodrich, as appears by this epigram made upon it :

" £t bonus, et dives, bene junctos et optimns ordo ;
Pfsoedit booitfi8,poiie scqnuBtar opes."

OF ENGLAND. 149

This lady was wife of Sir Henry Guldeforde, comptroller of the
liousehold to Henry VHT. I take her to be Mary, daughter of Sir
^bert Wooton, second wife to Sir Henry. His first was Mary,
dai^hter of Sir Thomas Bryan.

CLASS XII.
PERSONS OF BOTH SEXES,

BEMARKABLE ONLY FROM A SINGLE CIRCU3JSTAXCE

IN THEIR LIVES.

WILLIAM SOMMERS, King Henry the Eighth's
jester.* Fran. Del. (Delaram) sc. In a lojig tunic ;
■H. R. an his breast ; a chain and a horn in his hand.
Eight English verses. Engraved from a painting of
Hans Holbein, whole length, h. sh. very scarce. There

^ is a portrait of him at Kensingto?i, looking through a

Ik kaded casement.

p Will. Sommers ; copied from the last by W, Rich-
I ardson.

. "William Sommers, looking through a leaded case-
ment ; from an ancient picture in the collection of
Richard Aldworth Nevill^esq. R. Clamp sc. Engraved
for Caulfield^s " Memoirs of Remarkable Persons.''''

Will. Sommers was some time a servant in the family of Richard

-Farmor, esq. of Eston Neston, in Northamptonshire, ancestor to

the Earl of Pomfret. This gentleman was found guilty of a prctmu-

«re in the reign of Henry VIII. for sending eight-pence and a cou-

- pie of shirts to a priest, convicted of denying the king's supremacy,

«lpfao was then a prisoner in the gaol at Buckingham. The rapacious

^nonarch seized whatever he was possessed of, and reduced him to

a stale of miserable dependance. Will. Sommers, touched with

* That species of wit, which was the province of William Sommers, and other
baffbons, in this, and several of the succeeding reigiis, became the highest recom*
Mcndation of a courtier in the reign of Charles XL

rmour.

172 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY

considerable sums, of whidi he. had been. defrauded.* I have
transcribed the following . passage from one : of : his , disi^rses
preached before Edward VI. as it relates to his personal history,
and is also a just picture of the ancient yeomanry.

*' My father was a yoman, and had no lapdes of his owne; onlye
he had a farm of 3 or 4 pound by. yere at the uttertnost!; and here-
upon he tilled so much as kepte halfe a dozen men. He had waike
for a hundred shepe, and my mother mylked 30 kyue. . He was
suit of able, and did find the king a hamesse, with hym self, and hys
borsse, whyle he came to the place that he should receyve the
kynges wages. I can remembre that I hackled fays hames, when he
went into Black Heeath felde. He kept me to schole, or eU.es I
had not been able to have preached before the kinges majestie nowe.
He marryed my systers with 5 pounde, or 20 nobles a pece ; so
that he broughte them up in godliness and feare of God. . He kept
hospitalitie for. his pore neighbours, and sum almess he gave to
the poore,» and all thys did he of the sayd farme.'' See the next
reign.^

JOHANNES BALiEUS, Osorien&is episcopus; in
Boissard's " Bibtiotheca^''' 4to.

Joannes Balaus; in the " Heroologia^'' 8vo.

Joannes Baljevs^ presenting his book to EdwardYL
a wooden print, 24to.

A good copy of this is in Dibdin's " Decameron^' vol
a. p. 209.

Joannes Bal^us; four Latin lines. Hh. HondiuSf
in Verheiden.

There is a head of him in bis ^' Examinationf and Death of Sir

John 01dcastle.''t

There is another head of him, well eut in wood, on the back o>
the title of the book first ooentioned in his article; ;(

* See Biailford, in the next reign. Class IV.

t Mr. Oldys, author of the Dissertation on Pamphlets, in the " Phoenix 'RnWaof
cub/' 4to. p. 558, sajs, that he has known Bale's " Examination/' &c. of Sir Joli>
Oldcastle, sell for three guineas, on account of its rarity. This is to be ondent^''^
of the first edition.

t There is a small neat bead of Bale, and other English clergymen, in Lsptoo'*

S:&ttiut Jirmtt-

AiiiAi^ iyl*^-SkA^nii>n, CaiAStnUiaa^iu-fUia*,

OF ENGLAND. 173

Jahn Bale was bishop of Ossory* in Ireland, and author of
Catalogus Scriptorum illustrium Brytanniee, Basil. 1557,"fol. He
^as also author of " A Comedy, or Interlude, of Johan Baptyst*s
Ireachynge in the Wildernesse; opening the Crafts of Hypo-
ytes," &c. 4to. 1558 : it is printed in the '' Harleian MisceU

By.

Be .hath given us a detail of all his dramatic pieces, which were
ItteD when he was a papist. There was a time when the lamen-
ble comedies of Bale were acted with applause. He tells us, in
B iocoant ef his yocation to the bishopric of Ossory, that his
medy of John Baptist'^ Preaching, and his tragedy of God*s Pro-
'mBBf were acted by young men at the Market-cross of Kilkenny,
Km a Sunday in 1552. Surely this tragedy must be as extraor-
uujWL composition, in its kind, as his comedies. This piece will
I tamd in Dodsle/s " Collection of Old Plays.**
The intemperate zeal of this author often carries him beyond the
ittidB of decency and candour in his accounts of the papists. An-
tooj Wood Btyles him ** the foul-mouthed Bale ;" but some of his
>ol language translated into English^ would appear to be of the
me import with many expressions used by that writer himself.
•6. 1563, JBi. 6a.

Dk. CHAMBERS (Chamber), Ja. 88. Holbein p.
ioUarf. 1640 ; h. sh.

De. 6uamber; in the print of Henry VIII. giving
he Qharter to the surgeons.

Da. Chamber; in the " Oxford Almanack^'' 1737.
Dr.Chamber. Holbein p. W. Richardson^ Svo.

Dr. John Chamber, who was some time physician to Henry VIII.
as, with Lynacre and Victoria, founder of the College of Physi-
ans in London. In 1510, he was preferred to a canonry of
Hodsor ; and in 1524, to the archdeaconry of Bedford. In 1526,

History of the modern Protestant Divines/' Lond. 1657. The prints are copied
t>m the " Heroologia/' &c.

• Ossory is a district in Ireland, the cathedral of which sec is at Kilkenny. " Similar
the case in Scotland, while that was an arcliiepiscopal church ; of the diocpsses of
oray, Ross, Caithness, Orkney, Galloway, and Argilc ; the respective cathedrals
which sees were at Elgin, Channcry, Dornock, Kirkwall, Whilcrux, and Lisraore."

174 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY

he was elected warden of Merton College in Oxford; and about
&e same time made dean of the King's Chapel at Westminster,
dedicated to the blessed Virgin Mary and St. Stephen.* He en-
joyed several other less considerable preferments. Ob, 1549. See
more of him in Wood's ** Fasti Oxon." i. col. 50.

DAVID BEATON, cardinal, archbishop of St.
Andrew's, and lord-chancellor of Scotland ; from (tn
original picture in the Duke of HamiUofCs apartments
in Holyrood House^ 8w. Wilkinson ea:c.

David Beaton was bom in 1494 ; and, after receiving a libenl
education, in 1519 was appointed resident at the court of France:
in 1523 he obtained the rich abbey of Arbroath; and in 1528 he
was made lord privy-seal. He negotiated the marriage of James V*
with Princess Magdalen of France, and afterward with Princess
Mary. Paul III. raised him to the cardinalate in 1538, about wliidi
time he was made primate of Scotland. On the death of the kingf
the lords of the council sent the cardinal to prison, from whence be
was released, not long after, by the regent, and made chancellor. He
persecuted the Protestants widi gr^t fury, and among others caused
the celebrated George Wishart to be burnt before his own palace.
Shortly afterward he was assassinated in his house by Lesley and
other Protestants, in 1546.

FOREIGN DIVINES,

WHO HAD PREFERMENT IN ENGLAND.

PETRUS MARTYR VERMILIUS, S. S. theo-
logiae apud Oxonienses, professor Regius, natm jFfc-
rentice, Sept. 8. Anno MD. Ob. Nov. 12, MDLXll
Sturt sc. h. sh. in Strype's '^Memorials of CranmeTy
fol. 1 694.

This seems to have been done from the portrait of him now in
the hall at Christ Church, Oxon. given to that college by Dr. Raw-
linson.

* He was at the expense of building a fine cloister adjoining to this cliapel ; to
which, and the canons belonging to it, he gave the perpetuity of certain lands, whicb
were afterward seized bjr the rapacious Henrjr VIII.

OF ENGLAND. 175

Petrus MABxya Vermilius. H. H(ondius)in Vtr-
heiden ; four Latin lines ; wood-^ut.

Petrus Martyr Vermilius. R. Houston/, large
Uo. mezz. in Rolfs " Lives of the Reformers.''

Peter Martyr, some time prior of St. Fridian in the city of Lacca,
ed from his native country on account of the Protestant religion,
nd took shelter in Switzerland; whence he was, in 1547, invited
> England by the Protector Somerset, and Archbishop Cranmer.
[e was, the next year, made Regius Professor of Divinity; and in
550, installed canon of Christ Church. His numerous woric9,
'hich are in Latin, consist chiefly of commentaries on the Scrip-
ires, and pieces of controversy. He desired leave to withdraw
yon after the accession of Mary, and died at Zurich 12 Noy. 1562.
lU study, which he erected for privacy in his garden, was pulled
own by Dr. Aldrich, when he was canon of Christ Church,

MARTIN US BUCERUS, S. S. theologiae apud
3antabrigienses, professor regius. Natus Selestadiiy Appoint*
.491 ; denatus, 1551 ; h. sfi. 1550.

BtrcER. Vander Werffp. G. Valck. sc. h. sh.

Marti Nus Bucerus, &c. R. Houston f. large 4to.
nezz. in Rolfs " Lives of the Reformers.''

Martinus Bucerus; book in left hand; sir Latin
oersesy Lcedibrium Sortis, 8^c. 4to. scarce.

Martinus Bucerus. H.H.(ondius) finVerheidan.

Martinus Bucer; a wood-cut.

Martin Bucer, bom at Alsace, took the habit of St. Dominic at
seven years of age, and afterward became a considerable person
ttnong the reformers. He was in part a Lutheran, though superior
to him in controversy. He was invited to England by Archbishop
Cranmer; and apartments, with a salaiy, were assigned him in the
oniversity of Cambridge to teach theology. He was much admired
)y King Edward 6th, and composed several works : the principal are,
lis Commentaries on the Evangelists and Gospels. He died 1551,
ged 61. His bones were dug up and burnt in Queen Mary's reign.

176 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY

PAUL FAGIUS, Aleman. de Zabem, pasteur
rSglise de Strasbourg , Sgc. a wooden prints Ato.

Paulus Fagius, 8cc. in Boissard*s ^^ Bibliothecay
;small 4to.

Bucer and Fagius, who fled from the persecution in Germany,
were appointed to ingtruct young students in the Scriptures at Gam-
bridge. Bucer undertook to explain the New Testament, and Far
gius the Old: but the latter died^ before he had been aMe to resd
any lectures, on the Idth of November^ 1550. In the next reign,
the queen ordered Jtheir bones to bje taken up and burnt.*

Z« Pearce, late bishop of Rochester^ in his " Review of ihe Text
of Milton's Paradise liOst," published without a name, says, siyi the
last page, that Fagius was a favourite annotator of Milton's.

JOHN ALASCO, a Polander, first pastor of the
Dutch church in England, regn. Edw. VI. J. Savage
^c. in Strype's ^ Memorials of Cranmer^' foL

John a Lasco ; four Latin lines; H. (ondius) in
Verheiden; wood-cut, 4to.

John Aiasco, uncle to the king of Poland,t and some time a
bishop of the church of Borne, having been driven from his country
for his religion, settled at Embden, in East Friesland. He was
there chosen preacher to a congregation of Protestants, who, under,
the terror of persecution^ fled with' their pastor into England, where
they were incorporated by charter, and had also a grant oi the church
of Austin Friars. These Protestants differed in some modes of wor^
ship from the established church. John Alasco was ordered to
depart the kingdom, upon the accession of Mary. He purchased
Erasmus's valuable library of him, when he lay upon his death-bed.
He died in Poland, in 1560.

♦ " Id cmerem, aot mane ere dis curare sepultos?"— Fifr^.
t Fox, vol. iii. p. 40.

OP ENdLANi): 177

CLASS V.
COMMONERS IN GREAT EMPLOYMENTS.

SIR THOMAS SMYTH. . Holbein p. Houbraken
sc. 1743. In the possession of Sir Edmund Smyth, of
Kill Hall, in Essex, bart. lllust. Head:

3ir Thomas Smith, secretary of state to Edward VI. and Queen
^izabeth; was sent ambassador to several foreign princes m these
reigns, and had a principal hand in settling the public affairs in church
and state. See Class IX. in this reign^ and V. under Elizabeth.^

JOHANNES CHECUS, Eques Auratus, Sic. in
Holland's " Heroologia^'' Qvo.

His portrait is at Lord Sandys's, at On^rsley, in Worcestershire^

Sir John Cheke, some time tutor to the king, was also secretary

of state in this reign, and one of the privy^council.i* See dass Wi

CLASS VI.

MEN OF THE ROBE.

SIR ROBERT BOWES, master of the Rolls.

Sir Robert Bowes; in the print of King Edward VL
delivering the charter of Bridewell. See class L

•

* He had the rectory of Leveriogton in Cambridgeshire, in Jfae reign of Henry
Vltl. - Bot a rectory might have beeh held by any one who was a clerK at larg^.
For though the law of the chorch was, that !h such a case he should take the'order
of pijesthood within one year after his institution, yet that w&s fireqaently dispqiksed
with. Indeed, there is no appearance of evidence • for this person's having been in
holy orders; and it is presumed that Strype, in the Xife of him, page 41, was the
first that suggested . his " being at least in deacon's orders ;"a suggestion that pro-
bably arose from his not being able otherwise to account for the spiritual preferments
which he enjoyed. ,;

t He is supposed to have been in holy orders, as he held a canonry of the King's
College, afterward called Christ Church, in 1543. See " FasU Oxon." yol. i.col.^68.
But Dr. Birch speaks of lay-deans in his ** life of .Prince Henry," p. 14^ If a
deanery miglffi^ held by a lay-man, so might a prebend, or canonry.
VOL. I. 2 a

178 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY

Sir Robert Bowes ; a small ovaU from the above.
C. Hall sc.

V

CLASS VIL
MEN OF THE SWORD.

EDWARDUS SEIMERUS, Somerseti dux, &c
12mo.

The Duke of Somerset made too great a figure as a soldier, to

be omitted here ; as he neyer shone more in any station than at the

pt. 10, head of an army. He defeated the Scots at the memorable battle

^* of Musselburgh, in which 14,000 of the enemy were killed. This

was so total an overthrow, that they could never recover it.

There is a very scarce pamphlet of his expedition into Scotland,
which hath been sold for four guineas, though the whole of it is
printed in Hollinshed.* See *' Phosnix Britannicus,'' p. 568, I
mention this as an instance of literary insanity.

JOHN DUDLEY, earl of Warwick, an excellent
soldier, was lieutenant-general under the Duke of
Somerset in the expedition to Scotland, and had a
principal share in the victory at Musselburgh. Sir
John Hayward teUs us, "that for enterprises by arms,
he was the minion of this time." Hist. Edw. VI. p.
15. See Class IL

SIR THOMAS CHALONER. See a description
. of his portrait, class IX.

TluB gallant soldier attended Charles V. in his wars, particularly
in his unfortonate expedition to Algiers. Soon after the fleet left that
place, be was shipwrecked on the coast of Barbary, in a very dsA
night; and having exhausted his strength by swimming, he chanced
to strike his head against a cMe^ which he had the presence of

^TlMOilg^dediliQiikMiiidedniightockfaicaB^Hiienti^ Such as tbey aif i

tlNjaenvtoHoitniie the iirtoiy of that celebimled ouDpaignT— Ijinrf Hmku

OF ENGLAND. 179

mind to catcH hold of with his teeth ; and with the loss of several of
them, was drawn up by it into the ship to which he belonged. The
Duke of Somerset, who was an eyewitness of his distinguished
bravery at Mu8selburgh> rewarded Um with the honour of knight-
hood.

CLASS VIII.

KNIGHTS, GENTLEMEN, &c.

SIR JOHN GODSALVE; in Harding's '' Bio-
^aphical MirrouVy' Ato. Clamp sc.

Sir John Godsalve was a person of considerable note in the reign
of Edward VI. at whose coronation Strype, informs us, he was
created knight of the carpet ; according to Heylin, be was ap-
pointed commissioner of visitation the same year ; and two years
gJter comptroller of the Mint. A portrait of him is in the closet at
Kensington; another, a miniature, in the Bodleian library at Ox-
Tord, from which the print is taken. On this picture, which belonged
to Christopher Godsalve, clerk of the victuaIling-o£5ce in the reign
of Charles I. is written,

Captam in Castris ad Boloniam, 1540.

By the spear and shield, with which he is anned, Sir John ap^
pears to have served his sovereign in a warlike capacity ; and though
knight of tl\e carpet, seems to have been no carpet-knight.

RICHARD WATTS ; a bust in Rochester cathe-
dral, J. Berry sc. Qvo.

Richard Watts ; a bust; mezz. E. Adams; 8vo.

Richard Watts was a member of psyiiament for the city of So<«
cheater, and had the honour of entertaining Queen Elizabeth at his
house in 1573. At her departure, Mr. Watts apologized for the
smallness of his house; the queen, in return, made use of the Latin
word satis only, signifying that she was well contented vnth it,
The house, oh that occasion, situate on Bully Hill, acquired the
name of Satis, He founded the well-known alms-house near the
market-cross, Rochester, for poor travellers; the following in-

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OP ENGLAND. 181

MISCELLANEOUS AUTHORS.

SIR THOMAS SMITH, knt. bom March 28,
1612; deceased August 12, 1577, in the 65th year of
his age : round cap^ furred garment. Frontispiece to
his LifCi by Strype ; %vo.

Sir Thomas Smith, when he was Greek lecturer at Cambridgei
assisted by his learned friend Mr. Cheke, first introduced the true
pronunciation of that language ; upon which he wrote a treatise in
Xatin* Flushed with his success, he set about reforming the Eng**
lish alphabet and orthography. He composed an alphabet of twenty-
oiAe letters, of which nineteen were Roman, four Greek, and six
English or Saxon. His general rule in orthography was, to write
all words as they are pronounced, without the least regard to their
derivation.* This project had been generally looked upon as chU
meiical. His book on the Commonwealth of England is esteemed
a just account of the English constitution, as it was in the reign of
Elizabeth. He was appointed dean of Carlisle 1546, and provost
ofiBton,

SIR JOHN CHEKE, knt. Ob. 1557. Jos. Nut-
ting sc. Frontispiece to his Life^ by Strype^ 1705 ; Qvo.

The first impression is inscribed to the Honouf^able the
Lady Topping, from the original at Purgo : the above
was erasedy and Ob. 1557 inscribed.

Sir John Cheke, who was elected first professor of the Greek
language in the university of Cambridge when he was only twenty-
six years of age, was an intimate friend and fellow-labourer in the
same studies with Sir Thomas Smith, iand helped greatly to bring
the Greek learning into repute. These two celebrated persons, and
Roger Ascham, tutor to the Princess Elizabeth, were the politest
scholars of their time in the university.f Sir John Cheke was
cruelly used on account of his religion, in the reign of Mary, and
>ms supposed to have died of grief for signing a recantation against

* The practice of Dr. Middleton, who has regard only to derivation in his ortho-
graphy, would b« much better.

t An elegant edition of Roger ilscham's works was published in 4to. in 1761.

182 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY

his conscience. His writings, which are mostly in Latin, are on
theological, critical, and grammatical subjects.

THOMAS CHALONERUS, JEt. 28, 1548. HoU
beinp. Hollar/. 1655; h. sh.

On the back of the title of his book, ^* De Republica, &c.^ is a
good wooden print of him.

So various were the talents of Sir Thomas Chaloner, that he ex-
celled in every thing to which he applied himself. He made a con-
siderable figure as a poet. His poetical works were published by
William Malim, master of St. Paul's School, in 1579; but his ca-
pital work was that Of right ordering the English Republic^ in ten
Booksy* which he wrote when he was ambassador in Spain, in the
reign of Elizabeth. It is remarkable that this great man, who knew
how to transact, as well as to write upon the most important affairs
of states and kingdoms, could descend to compose " A Dictionary
for Children,'^ and to translate from the Latin a book of the *^ Office
of Servants,*' merely for the utility of the subjects. Ob, 7 Oct,
1565, and was buried in St. Paul's church : Lord Burleigh walked
as chief mourner. He was father of Sir Thomas Chaloner, tutor to
Prince Henry.

CLASS XL

LADIES.

JANA GRAYA ; ^vo. in the " Heroologia.''

j£ANN£ Gray. A Vander Werffp. Vermeulen sc.
in Larrejfs " History''

The Lady Jane Grey was daughter to Henry Grey, marquis of
DoTsetyf by the Lady Frances Brandon, elder of the two surviving
daaghterg of Charles Brandon, duke of Suffolk, by Mary, queen
of France. This lady, who was highly in the king's favour, was
possessed of almost every accomplishment that is estimable or
ftnuable4 If her tutors, Ascham and Aylmer, may be credited,

* "I>e Rep. Anglonim iDstoaranda," lib. x. Lond. 1679, 4to.
t Afterward Doke of SafEolk ; beheaded 155^

I " Qujcqnid duloe animain corapleverat, utile qaicquid ;
" Ars cerebmiD, pietes pectus, et on sales." — ^Anov.

OF ENGLAND. 183

she perfectly understood the Greek, Latin, French, and Italian
languages, and was also acquainted with the- Hebrew, Chaldee, and
Arabic. She played on several musical instruments, which she
sometimes accompanied with her voice. She wrote a fine hand,
and excelled in various kinds of needle-work. All these accom-
plishments were '* bounded within the narrow circle, of sixteen
years.*' The happiness of this excellent person's life concluded
with this reign. See the next.

ANNE, DUCHESS OF SOMERSET. A. More
T^nx. T, Nugent so. in Harding's '^Biographical
Mirrour^' 1792.

Anne, duchess of Somerset, second wife to the great Protector,
was daughter to Sir Edward Stanhope, of Sudbury, in Suffolk, and
of Rampton, in the county of Nottingham, knight. Lord Seymour,
of Sttdley, brother to the Protector, a man of insatiable ambition,
arrogant and assuming, by his flattery and address prevailed on the
qneen-dowager to marry him immediately upon the demise of the
king. This circumstance gave great umbrage to the Duchess of
Somerset, a woinan of a haughty spirit, not brooking that, while
her husband was virtually king, she should be obliged to yield pre-
cedence to his brother's wife : she used, therefore,, all her influence,
which was excessive, with her -husband to widen the breach already
subsisting between him and Lord Seymour. The Protector him-
selfy being at length, through various dissatisfacti<>ns, obliged to
resign his office, was committed to the Tower : the duchess was
also committed to the same place ; where she remained till she was
released by Queen Mary, Aug. 3, 1553. After her deliverance
she married Francis Newdigate, esq. Oh. 1587, and was buried
in Westminster Abbey.

CLASS XII.

PERSONS REMARKABLE ONLY FOR ONE

CIRCUMSTANCE, &c.

184 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY

V.

APPENDIX ^

TO

THE REIGN OF EDWARD VI.

li

FOREIGNERS. &c.

HENRY II. Roy de France, 7. de Bie sc. h. sh.

Henry IL W.L. in a curious dress. B. Boittrius sc.
in Musi Francois.

Henry II. Morris sc^ half sheet.

Henry II. Sergent sc.

. Henry II. ^.28, 1547, in curious armour; fol
ynthmit name of engraver ; scarce.

,. Henrt IL Four French verses; profile crowned
jmthytttrel; %vo.

•

''^^MfigrlL Mm of Frands I. kug of France, was a prince of

^pr^tter courage than capacity. He, on several occasions,

^' die fiisld; but made no figure in the cabinet. He lost

■ore by the treaty of peace which followed the disastrous

^ St QuintiD, than his enemies had gained by that victoiy.

vaa ■■ Umited in his yiews, and as fluctuating in his reso^

■■ Catherine de Medicis, his queen, was comprehensive

Brmined. In the reign of this king, the English lost Bou*

id Calais. He was invested with the order of the garter, in

i'WbA died the 10th of July, 1559, JEt. 40, of an accidental

a received at a tournament.

HIERONYMUS CARDANUS, Mediolanensis,
Klicinee, doctor; 4to. in the continuation of Boissard.

OF ENGLAND. 185

HiERONYMUS Cardanus, ^t. 43 ; a medallion.
Thomassin.

HiERONYMUS Cardanus, J^. 49, 1553 ; dittOj
l2mo.

HiERONYMUS Cardanus; in FreheruSy 1265, No.

57.

Jerome Cardan, a very celebrated Italian physician, naturalist,*
and astrologer, came into England in this reign, and was intro-
duced to Edward, on whom he has passed a very high encomium.
He regarded astrology as the first of all sdences ; and was, in his
own estimation, as well as in the opinion of his contemporaries, the
first of all astrologers. He, like Socrates, was supposed to have
been attended by a demon, or familiar spirit.t ' There are many
ingenious as well as whimsical and fabulous things in his works,
which were printed at Lyons, in ten volumes, fol. 1663. It is re-
markable, that he drew the horoscope of Jesus Christ; and that
bis description of the unicorn is exactly correspondent to dmt ficti-
tious animal, which is one of the supporters of the royal arms. Ob.
circ. 1575, JEt. 75.% See more of him in Dr. Robertson's " History
of Scotland," 4fo. I. p. 116*

* He was called a magician, which, at this time, was another term for a naturalist.
Vide J. Baptisto Porto " De Magia Natarali."

t See Beaumont's ** .Account of Spirits," &c. p. 50, et seq.

t His book " De propria Vito" b very curious. He appears not to have studied
Caesar's Commentories before he wrote these memoirs ; as he has collected all the
testinionies of his contemporaries relating to his own tiharacter, and has placed at
the head of them, ** Testimonia de me.'' Sec <' Cardanus de propria Vita, 1654,
ISmo.

VOL. I. 2 B

laa BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY

I

I

MARY

BEGAN HER REIGN THE 6th OF JULY, 1553.

CLASS L

THE ROYAL FAMILY.

QUEEN MARY L Antonio More p. G. Vertue
sc. h. sh^ Drom a picture in the possession of the Earl
of Oxford.

Maria Hen. VHL F. &c. Regina, lfi55; owrf.
JP. H. (Frands Hogenberg) at the top; well executed.

This was perhaps engraved after the year 155^ which mi^
have been inserted ^ the eia. of her reigiu .

Maria L &c. a jewel hangit^ at her breasf.
W. F. 1568.

Marie, &c. lira. Delaramm sc. 4to. holding in her
hand the suppUcaAm of Thomas Hangar.

Thtfa^H impresmn is brfort the oval, both hands are
fetm; very rare.

Mart. E. Bocquet sc. in Noble Authors, by Parky
1806.

Mart Princess ; inscribed the Lady Mary, after
Queen. H. Holbein. F. Bartolozzi sc. In the Royal
VoUection.

ICart Princess ; in an aval, JEt. 39. " lUa, EgOy
^- Sic. F. H (ogenberg).

Labi Mari, daughter to the mast vertuaus Prince
jT. Henri the Eight; la quarto.

OF ENGLAlffD, 187

MlET> in thefimily print of Henry VIII.
Maria, Angltit^ Htspania?, ^. Regina; small h.sh. .

Maria, &c. m it large ruff; sold by Thomas Geek;

krge %ve.

Queen Mart, 8w. with this motto ■: ** Ihrtissimi qui-
que. interfecti smt aSb isa /' ik Ike translation of Bishop
Godwin's " Annals of England^'' 1630. In this book
are cy)i€s of some other heads of our kings.

Maria, &c. J.Janssonius exc. large Bvo.

Maria, by de Grntie Qods, Sgc. Ato.

Marie. Vander Werffp. P. a Gumt sc. h. sh. .

The melancholy complenon of this princedS) her narrow capa-
city, obstinate and unrelenting temper, and blind attachment to her
iteligion, contributed to carry her to the extremes of bigotry and
persecution. No less than 284 persons were burnt for heresy in
Ais short reign.* These horrid cruelties ALcilitfeited the progress of
the reformation in the next.+

PHILIP 11. King of Spain, Naples, Sicily, &c. &c.
^onsort of Queen Mary.) Titianop. Vertu^ sc. VJZ^.
From an ea^cellent original painted by Titian^ in the noble
collection of his grace^ William, duke of Jbevonshire;
h. sh.

Philippus II. Titiamcs p. I^i9. C.Vischer sc. h.sh.

Philippus 1L F. H. (Francis Hogenberg) sc. It
is dated 1 555, and is companion to Mary^ by the same
hand.

* Rapin.

t In Blackstone's " Commentaries of theLawaof En^pland," bode iv. p.424»495,
is the following passage : " To do justice to the shorter reign of Queen Mary, many
aalutary and popular laws, in civil matters, were made under her administration ;
perhaps, the better to reconcile the people to the bloody measures which she was in-
duced to porsue for the re-establishment 'of religious slavery: the well-con^rtcd
schemes -for ejecting which were (through the providence of God) defeated by the
seasonable accession of Queen Elizabeth."

188 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY

Philippus II. Marcelli Clodii Formis, RimuPy 1588, \^

^ne. In the " Citta da Cremona" da Antonio Camp, y]

1585, folio, are heads of Philip and his four queens. \

Philip II. Rabel excudit ; small oval, neat.

Philip IL A Morepinx. J . Suyderhoef sc.

Philip IL in afi oval; large 4to. H. Jacobs ex.

Philip II. Frisius sc.

Philip II. in an oval, with arms; 8vo. V. Werff.
M. la Cave sc. 1735.

Philip II. Titian pinx. Caroline Watson sc.

Philip II. in an oval, a lion at each comer; six
Latin verses; small quarto. C. Pass.

Philippus II. J. Bapt. Parmen. Formis RomtSy
1689 ; a large border of arms, sh. curious.

There is a fine picture of Philip and Mary, by Holbein, at
Woburn Abbey.*

Philippics .II. Ant. Wierx f small. .

Philippe IL VanderWerff.p. P.aGunst sc. h.sh.

Though the abilities of Philip were more adapted to the cabinet
than the field, he was generally the dupe of his own politics- His
ambitioii erer prompted him to enterprises which he had neither
Goarage nor address to execute.

■ ■ • ■

. * The iDllowing deicriptioB of Pbilip's person, which may be considered as a
flBBldi Itom fbe life. U in John Elder's \e\Xei to Robert Stoarde, bishop of Caithness,
lSBft.t ** Of ^^ge lie it well fiiTonred, with a broad forfaead and grey eyes, streight
It and nanlj cowitenance. From the forhead to the point of his chynne, his.
B pDwetfa small ; his pace is princely, and gate so streight and upright, as he
h BO inchof hit higthe ; with a yeallowe head, and a yealloweberde : and thus to
fade ; be b so well proportioned of bodi, arme, legge, and every other limme
■^ suae, at nature cannot worke a more parfite pateme : and, as I have learned,
wtjgetYitziW. yean; whose majesty I judge to be of a stout stomake, preg*
Nf willed, and of most gentel nature.**

See Amea't •• Typogmplucal AnUq." p. 213, «14.
UaiNi, at p. Sir (tf hit " Memoin,'* informs us, that Queen Elizabeth eon;
kept FliiUp»t i^tme by her bed-ride, to the time of ^er death.

OF ENGLAND. 189

He was severe and haughty, impenetrable and distrustful, full
of revenge and dissimulation. So far was he from using his influ-
ence to restrain, that he actually bore a part in the cruelties of this
reign, and entered into persecution with the spirit of a grand inqui-
sitor. The most memorable of his actions was the victory at St.
Quintin, in which the English had a considerable share. He is
said to have built the Escurial, in consequence of a vow which he
made at that time.* Ob. 1598.

At the Duke of Hamilton's, in Scotland, there is a full length of
Philip II. with some singular emblematical ornaments: it answers
▼eiy well to the description in the note.

There is a small head of the Princess ELIZABETH
jyrefixed to " Nugae Antiquae," a miscellany of original
papers, by Sir John Harington, 8gc. printed at London,
in 1769, 12^0. which deserves a better title. The editor
tells tis, that the plate, engraved about 1554, belonged to
Queen Elizabeth, who made a present of it to Isabella
Markham, mother of Sir John Harington. There is a
small whole length of the princess at Woodstock, with a
book on a table by her. I. S. invent. Martin D.
(Droeshotit) sc. \2mo.

* This immense pile by no means merits the encomiums which have been gene-
rally g^ven it. It is. Indeed, venerable for its greatness ; but it is a greatness with-
out magnificence. It is too low in proportion to its extent, and consequently appears
heavy .t The principal entrance to it is mean, and the quadrangles are small. The
imagination of the architect seems to have been too much taken up with the capri-
cious idea of a gridironi to attend to the principles of beauty and proportion* I
need only appeal to the eyes of those who have seen this celebrated structure, for
the tnidi of these remarks ; from which the church and the pantheon are allowed to
be exceptions. The latter was the work of another architect.

t In the *^Deacription of the Escurial," lately translated from the Spanish by
Mc, Thompson, is a very great mistake in the height, as will appear by comparing
the several parts of the d^scriptioa with the pript.

190 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY

CLASS III. H

PEERS. '-*

EDWARD COURTNEY, earl of DevonsKifi
Ant. More p. T. Chambers sc. From an origindt^
Sir. Antonio More, at the Duke of Bedford's, at WolnifH.-
" En! puer ac inBom, etfidhuc juvemlibusanniS'

AnnoB bis septem carcere clansus eram :. , • I

Me pater his tenuit vinc'lis que filia Bolrit
Son mea sic tanden Teititur& superiB."
In Ike " Anecdotes of Painting," Ato.

Edeabdo de Courtenav, conte d^ Devoi
from Greg. %et^s" Life of Queen Elizabeth.

Edward Courtenat, earl of Devonshire. /.
man sc. From the originalin the collection of his 6\
the Duke of Bedford; in Mr. Lodge's " Porlruh 4
Illustrious Persons."

!Edward CotiRTENAv, carl .of Devonshire; Sw.
W. Richardson.

Edward Courtney, the last earl of Devoa of that naqie, dejc
ed from the royal family of France,* vbs, ihoagh accoaedo
crime, confined in prison erer since the attEunder of his&lU''
the reign of Heury VIII. He was restored in blood in thefinCfl
of Maiy, to whom he was proposed for a husband. The p
^eems to have eatirdy coincided with the queen's iDclinatioSrli
by no aeaas with the Earl of Devonshire's, who had a
gird for the Princess Elizabetb.f The harsh treatment of^
princess during this reigo, was supposed to be in a |

* Tbe Eul (if DeTonihire nii ■ collateral branch of Ihose Cnarfnejt whi}!^
the blood-Tojal of France. See CleaveUnd's •' Geneuiogical UUL of the Fi '
Coiirtenaj." Oion. 1735, fol.

t In tbe British Miueum is a nwDDtcript paper, entitled, " A B«Ulioa bM0*
Clelwr. 1556, proclainied tlie Ladie Elisabelh Quene, and bet beloved Bedfllla*!
Iflrde Edward Courlnrje, Kjiige." MS. HarE. 537, i(5. See Mr. Wartoo'l"!*
ofSirTbomasPope,"p. 31.

KD Courtney Eari <£ i>iivo3rsHiKB.

tflttm carofrt- djnuut tram,.\ Sort nu,a tin landem. vtrHtui- a, Suf.-'ii

0J? ENGLANP. 191

dng to Mary's pride and jealousy upon this occasion. The earl
IS said to have been poisoned Ut Italy by the Imperialists, in
•56. >■ • -

" HENRY RADCLIFE (RatcliffeJ, earl of Sussex,
scount Fitzwalterj baron Egremond (Egremont), and
urnelj knight of the garter ^ ch. justice and ranger of
I the royal forests, parks, <§r. on this side Trent, lord-
Mtenant of the counties of Norfolk and Suffolk, and
iptain-general of the forces to Queen Mary^ whom
I rescued from the disorders that affected the beginning
^ her reign. Upon the condition of hostilities in
^ancCj and all his embassies there, he was honored
numg the chief of the nobility, and in all negotiations,
<Ah of peace and war^ was esteemed one of the first am-
^madoTs. He died the fifth of July, 1 5B6, aged
^ first interred at London,^ but afterward removed^ to
%afreham churchy in Essex j at the dying request of his
m Thomas, earl of Sussex, This effigy is taken from
m exquisitely well-wrought monument there^ of him, his
m, and his father'' The print, with this inscrtptionj
ms engraved by John Thane ; but is without his name.
ft is in 8vo.

The privilege was granted to this earl, which was formerly
bdmed by the uoMes of Castile, and is still retained by the Spar
ish grandeesy of wearmg bis hat in the royal presence^f

* In the chaicb of St. Lawrence Poultnej.

t This pmilege hath been granted to Lord Khigsale, and to several other penons
1 ▼arions acooiint»| . See « Cat of the Harleian MSS." 1169, 10. 1856, 2.
186,5.

% It was ofien granted tO: persons who had scald heada« — ^Lobd Oreoiu>.

192 ' BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY

CLASS IV.
THE CLERGY.

A CARDINAL.

REGINALDUS POLUS. Raphael, vel S. del Pi-
ombo p. h. sh.Jine, In the Crozat Collection^ vol. i*

Reginaldus Polus ; Svo. in.tke ^' Heroologicu'

Reginaldus PoLus, cardinalis; small; in Impe^
rialk's " Museum Historicum,'' Venet. 1640 ; 4to.

Reginaldus Polus. Larmessin sc.Ato.

* Reginaldus Polus, cardinalis; natu^ ^Iw. 1500,
Mail 11. Card. St. Marice in Cosmedih, 1536, Mail 22.

* There is a copy of thU fine print by Major, prefixed to a well-written life of Ae
Cardinal, by Thomai PhiJips, a priest of the church of Rome. Li partii. of thii
book, p. 248, is the following passage: ** It has been objected to the effigy of Cl^
dinal Pole, which is prefixed to the first part of this work, and represents him tf
advanced in years, that it is attributed to Raphael, who died in the year iStO,
when the cardinal was only in the 20th year of his age. Bat the objectors did dd^
reflect, that besides Raphael of Urbino, who died in the year they mention, tiiera
were several other great masters of that name. To go no farther tiian' Raphael da
Colle Borghese, who flourished chiefly whilst Cardinal Pole was, in Italy; andtk
prime of whose life coincides with the decline of the cardinal*s.t Hentis oinni
the most celebrated artists under Giulio Romano." Dr. Ducarel informs me,^
the portrait of the cardinal at Lambeth nearly resembles the head in the *f Hefoih
logia.^^ The print in Thevet, which represents him in a bat, is certainly fictioBk

4»9t99 t The fine original was in the collection of Mons. Crozat, and was sold last jetf
with tlie rest of that collection, to the Empress of Russia, Mens. Manette and <ke
best judges ascribed the portrait of Cardinal Pole to Sebastian del Piombo.

t The following note is from the same learned and communicative gentli
The Long Gallery at Lambeth palace, and several of the adjoining apartment!, vb?
built by Cardinal Pole. In this gallery, and the great dining-room next to it, t^
picture of every archbishop of Canterbury from Warham to Uie present. The Ai*
portrait of Warham, painted by Holbein, was by him presented to that prelate, ^
gether with the portrait of Erasmus : and these two pictures passed, by willof Wl^
ham and his successors, till they came to Archbishop Laud ; after whose death thef
were missing, till the time of Sancroft, who had the good fortune to recover thai «
Warham. It is uncertain what is become of the other.

OF ENGLAND. 193

Consecr. archiepisc. Cantuarensis 155f, Mar. 22. Ob.
1588, Nov. 17. R. White sc. h.sk. Copied from Im-
oerialis's " Museum.^'

Poms. Y(tndtr Werffp. P. a Gunst sc. A. sh.

Cardinal Pole; from a curious ancient paifUing
in Lambeth palace. W.Maddocks sc. in " Lambeth Pa-
lace Illustrated;' 1806.

Cardinal Pole ; in " Imagin XIL Card."" 1598.
T. Galle.

Cardinal Pole ; prefixed to his Life^ by Phillips;
4to. Raphael pin. Major sc.

Cardinal Pole. Pernetus.

Cardinal Pole ; in " Albi Eloges Cardin.'' F.
Wyngarde.

Cardinal Pole. C, Picart sc. 1816. From the
original by Titian^ in the collection of the Right Hon.
Lord Arundel, of Wardour; in Mr. Lodge's " Illustrious
Portraits''

Reginald Pole was a younger son of Sir Richard Pole, by Mar-
garet, conntess of SaliJBbury, daughter of George, duke of Cla-
rence, brother to Edward IV. He was much esteemed for the in-
tegrity of his life, the elegance of his learning, and the politeness
of his manners. Daring^ his residence in Italy, he lived in the
strictest intimacy with Sadolet, Bembo, and other celebrated per<p
sons of that country ; and upon the demise of Paul III. was elected
pbpe.*^ He came into England in the beginning of the reign of
iSlary, and succeeded Cranmer in- the archbishopric of Canterbury. 1556.
He was not without a tincture of bigotry ; but generally disap*
proved of the cruelties exercised in this reign.

* He was cliosen pope at midnight by the conclave, and sent for, to come and L>e
admitted. He desired that his admission might be deferred till the morning, i|s it
was not a work of darkness. Upon thb message, the cardinals, witliout any farther
ceremony, proceeded to another election, and chose the Cardinal de Monte; who,
before he left the condave, bestowed a hat upon a servant who looked after hit
monkey.

VOL. I. 2 C

194 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY

ARCHBISHOPS ANI> BISHOPS.

THOMAS CRANMERUS, archiepisc. Cant
Holbein p. natus 1489, July 2 ; consecrat. 1533, Mar.
30. Marty rio cororiatus 1556, Mar.2\ ; h.sh. Fron-
tispiece to Strype's " Memorials.'' '

This head was probably copied from that in Thoratons
^^ Nottinghamshire,'' which was done after Holbein ; as I
believe by Loggan. Vertue mentions such a print by
that engraver in a MS., in my possession. Aportrmtj
with the name ofAbp. Parker , which is exactly similar ta
thisy was engraved by VertuCy whose widow told me that it
was owing to a mistake.*^

Another by White, engraved with four others; small
sheet.

Thomas Cranmerus^ &c. J. Faberf. large 4lo.

mezz. ^

Thomas Cranmerus, &c. R, Houston f. large 4t(y.
mezz. In Rolfs " Lives ;" four Latin verses.

Thomas Cranmerus. H. Hondius sc. 1599.

Thomas Cranmerus; in the ^^ Heroologia''

Thomas Cranmerus; in Larreys ^^ History''
V. Gunst sc.

Thomas Crankier, &c. C Picart sc. From the
original of Gerbicas FUcciiSy in the British Museum;
in Mr. Lodge's collection of ^' Illustrious Persons''

After Cranmer had been, with the utmost difficulty, prevailed
upon to sign a recantation against his conscience, he was ordered
to be burnt by the perfidious queen, who could never forgive iBe
part which he acted in her mother's divorcer He had a considec-

* It iis observable, that the prints here mentioned represent him without a beaid^
but Ijo is exhibited with a long one in the " Heroologia."

OF ENGLAND. 195

able hand in composing the homilies of our church. Almost all
the rest of his writings are on subjects of controversy.

He suffered martyrdom with the utmost fortitude, at Oxford,
1556, (Bt. 67.

ROBERT HOLOATE, archbishop of Ywk,
J. Stow sc. h. sh.

Robert Holgate, bishop of LlandafiT, in 1537, was promoted to
the see of York, Jan. 10, 1544, and made lord* president of the
North. Deprived of the see of York by Queen Mary 1553. He died
at Hemsworth, in Yorkshire, the place of his nativity, 1555, and
was there buried.

NICHOLAS RIDLEY, bishop of London; small.
Marshall sc. In puller s " Holy State'*

NicoLAus RiDLEius, cpiscopus LondinjBnsis.
R. White sc. natus in Northumbr. consecr. episcopm
Roffensis 1547, Sept. 5. Jit episcopus Londinensis 1550^
Apr. Marlyrium passus 1555, Oc<. 16 ; li. sh.

Nicholas Ridley, &c. R.White sc. Engraved in
a sheet with Cranmer^ and the four other bishops who
suffered martyrdom.

NicoLAus RiDL^ius, &c. R. Houston f. large
Ato. mezz. In Rolfs ** Lives.''

NicoLAUs Ridley, &c. Holbein p. Miller f.
Before his Lifey by Qlocester Ridley, LL. B.* 1763,
Ato.

Nicholas Ridley, &c. in Burnet's " Reformation."
R. White sc.

Nicholas Ridley, bishop of London, preached a sermon to con-
▼ince the people of Lady Jane Grey's title to the crown. This
affront sunk deep into the queen's mind, and he soon felt the

* Afterward D. D. and prebendary of Salisbury. He was collaterally related to
Bishop Ridley, and has done that pious prelate and himself great honour by this
work. It is worthy of remark, that Dr. Ridley derived his christian name from his
being bom on board the Gloccstcr ludiaman, as his mother was returning from the
XM Indies.

196 BIOGRAPHICAL KISTORY

fktal efibcts of het reseDtmeat. Ih hh dispitles with the Roman
Catliolic divioes,* he fQrceijL them to acknowledge, that Chrigt, in his
Jast supper, held himself in his hand, and afterward ate himself.

EDMUND BONNER, bishop of London, whip-
ping Thomas Hinshawe ; a toood print, in thejrst
edition of Fox'' s " Acts and Monuments^^ p. 2043.

Sir John Harrington tells us, that '^when Bonner was shewn
ihis print in the book of Martyrs on purpose to vex htniylie laogM
at it; sayings ' A veng^atice on the fool, how could he get «y
picture drawn so right?' "f There is another print ^tf him in thit
book burning a man's hands with a candle.

Edmun-d Bonner; both the nh&oe subjects on the
same plate ; autograph. J. Caulfield exc.

Edmunp Bonner, bishop of London, 1640.
Etching by Facius ; 8t;o. W. Richardson..

Bonner was the natural son of a priest^ named SaTage, by Bi-
zabeth Frodsham, who afterward married one Edmund Bonnier, a
sawyer of Henley, or Hanley, in Worcestershire, by whose name
he was afterward cdled. He' was rector of East Dereham in
1538, the year in which parish registers were first prdered to be
kept.

This man, whom nature seems to have designed for an execu-
tioner, was an ecclesiastical judge in the reign of Mary. He is
reported to have condemned no less than two hundred innoceDt
persons to the flames; and to have caused great numbers to suffer
imprisonment, racks, and tortures. He was remarkably fat and
corpulent; which made one say to him, that he was " full of gats,
but empty of bowels." Consec. 4 Ap. 1540, deprived, 17 Sept. 1549,
restored, 22 Aug. 1553 ; again deprived, 29 June, 1559.J: He died
in the Marshalsea, the 5th of Sept. 1569.

See his Pedigree, &c. in Faulkner's " Fulham," p. 201, 202.

STEPHANUS GARDINERUS, episc. Winton.
Holbein p. R. White so. h. sh.^

• On the subject of the real presence.

t Harington's " Brief View of the Cbnrch of England/* 1653, ISroo.
t " Biographia."

§ The print of Gardiner, which was engraved for Bamet*s " History of the Refor*
mation/' has been taken from Bishop Horn's, from the circumstance of theariiM: btt

Con. 1;

OI- ENGLAND. 197

. Stephen Gardiner, bishop of Winchester; in
Harding'^ " Skakspeare" W. N. Gardiner sc. 1 790.

Stephen Gardiner, bishop of Winchester, with
the seals, in an oval; 8vo.

Stephen Gardiner, bishop of Winchester ;* 4to.
J. Harding del. W. N^ Gardiner sc.

Stephen Gardiner, lord- chancellor and prime minister in this Jj'"p*J;
feign, was distinguished for his extensive learning, insinuating rest, la
address, and profound policy ; the masterpiece of which was the
treaty of marriage betwixt Philip and Mary, which was an effectual
bar to the ambitious designs ' of Philip.f His religious principles
appear to have been more flexible than his political, which were
invariably fixed to his own interest. He was a persecutor of those
tenets to which he had subscribed, and in defence of which he had
written: He was author of a treatise " De Vera Obedientia," and
had a great hand in the famous book entitled <' The Erudition of a
Christian Man." He also wrote an " Apology for Holy Water,**
&c. Ob. 1555.

HUGO LATYMERUS; in the '' Heroologia T ^vo.
Hugh Latymer; 24to.

Mr. Thomas Baker observes that Bishop Horn's arms were withoat a chevron: and
the portrait of Gardiner seems to answer to the description of his person, quoted
by that learned gentleman from Poinet, in the Appendix of Papers, at the end of
BardetV History, Vol. iii. p. 411. But see an aggravated description of Horn's
jpetson in Pit's " De Illust. AngHae Scriptoribus," p. 797.

* This was engraved for the " Biographical Mirrour," from an undoubted portrait
of Bishop Gardiner, in the possession of Edmund Turner, esq. and is without a
beard.

t There is no qnestioB bat Philip intended, if possible, to make himself roaster of
the kingdom by marrying Mary. When the queen was supposed to be £ar ad-
vanced in her pregnancy, Philip applied to the parliament to be constituted regent
during the minority of the child, and offered to give ample security to surrender the
regency, when he, or she, should be of age to govern. The motion was warmly de-
bated in the house of peers ; and he was like to carry his point, when the Lord
Paget stood up, and said, " Pray who shall sue the king's bond ?" This laconic
speech had its intended effect, and the debate was soon concluded in the negative.J

X Sec Howell's Letters.

198 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY

Hugh Latimer, bishop of Worcester. R.White
sc. One of the Jive bishops engraved in one plate ; sh.

Hugo Latimerus, &c. Vertuesc. h. sh.

Hugh Latimer, &c. J. Savage sc. A staff in his
right handy a pair of spectacles hanging at his breast,
and a Bible at his girdle; h. sh. From Strype's ** Me-
morials of Cranmer''

Hugh Latimer; in Larrey's** History.^* V.Gunstsc.

_ *

This venerable prelate, worn out with labour, old age, and im-
pri&onment, walked thus equipped to his trial, and probably to the
place of execution. When he was chained to the stake, two bags
of gunpowder were fastened under his arms, the explosion of whicli
presently put an end to his life. While he was- burning, a large
quantity of blood gushed from his heart, as if all the blood in his
body had been drawn to that part.* He was burnt 16 Oct 1555.
— He had a principal hand in composing the Homilies^ in which lie
was assisted by Cranmer, with whom he usually resided at Lam*
beth during the reign of Edward VI. See the two preceding
reigns.

ROBERT FARRAR, bishop of St. David's, suf-
fered at Caermarthen^ Feb. 22, 1555. R. White sc.
One of the Jive martyred bishops; sh.

. Bishop Farars (Farrar); 9>vo.

Robert Farrar; with his autograph. Thane.

This prelate, after much inhuman treatment, was burnt in his
own diocess. His character is represented in different, and even
contrary, lights. Bishop Godwin speaks of him as a man of a
litigious and turbulent behaviour ;f Strype, as a pious reformer of

abuses.:^

Some of the articles which he was put to answer in the reign of

Edward VI. were, to the last degree, frivolous, &c. : vide riding

a Scottish pad, with a bridle with white studs and snaffle, wbit^

• Turner's " Hist, of Remarkable Providenccft."
t Life of Q. Mary, p. 345. :5^{),

* Mem. of Crnnoicr, p. 184,

15d0.

OF ENGLAND. 199

Scottish stirrups, and white spurs ; wearing a hat instead of a c&p;
whistling to his child ; laying the blame of the scarcity of herrings
to the covetousness of the fishers, who, in time of plenty, took so
many that they destroyed the breeders ; and, lastly, wishing that
at the alteration of the coin, whatever metal it was made of, the
penny should be in weight' worth a penny of the vsame metal.

JOHN HOOPER, bishop of Gloucester, suffered
at Gloucester ^ Feb. 9, 1555. R. White so. One of the
five bishops engraved in one plate ; sh.

Joannes Hooperus, Episc. Vigorn. Martirio Co-
ronatus A. Dom. 1555. J. Faberfec. large Ato. mezz,

Joannes Hooperus; in RoWs ^^ Lives'' Houstmi
sc. mezz.

John Hooper, bishop of Gloucester, was a man of great strictness
of life, and an eloquent preacher. When he was nominated to his May 15
bishopric, he obstinately refused to wear the rochet and chimere,*
which he looked upon as profaned by superstition and idolatry.
The archbishop would by no means dispense with his wearing the
episcopal habits : Hooper was determined not to wear tl;)ese odious
vestments, and was ordered to prison till he should think proper to
submit. After much altercation, Peter Martyr, and other foreign
divines, were consulted, and the tnatter was brought to a compro-
mise : he was to be consecrated in the robes, and to wear them only Consec.
in his cathedral. This is the era of the multiplied controversies in
relation to caps, gowns, and other clerical habits. When he was
chained at the stake, a pardon, on condition of his recantation, was
placed on a stool before him. Both his legs were consumed before
the flame touched his vitals. He bore his torments with invincible
patience. ^

ROWLAND MERRICK, bishop of Bangor; in
the ^' Oxford Almanack^' 1750.

Rowland Merrick was bom in the Isle of Anglesey, mostly edu-
cated in academical learning in St, Edward^s hall, became principal,
'while he was bachelor of the civil law, of New Inn ; afterward
doctor of his faculty, chancellor of the church of St. David, and

* Soroetlmei written cymarre.

8 Mar.
1560-1.

Promoted
1556.

1560.

200 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY

canoQ residentiary in the time of King Edward VI. and was one ot
the persons who drew up articles against Bishop Farrar. He was
consecrated bishop of Bangor 1559. Ob. 1565, and was buried in
the chancel of the cathedral of Bangor.

DIGNITARIES OF THE CHURCH, &c.

BERNARD GILPIN; oval; over the oval, ""Lt
your light so shine before men :" etched by the Rev. Mr.
Wm. Gilpin, late of Queen's College, Oxon. who is de-
scended from the family of Bernard. Frontispiece to a
well-written account of his Life, by the same hand that
etched the print.*

Bernard Gilpin. G.Vertuesc.

BERNARD Gilpin ; oval.

Bernard Gilpin, archdeacon of Durham, and rector of Houghton
in the Spring, was commonly styled *^ The Northern Apostle :" and
he was indeed like a primitive apostle in every thing but suffering
martyrdom, which he was prepared to do; but the queen died
whilst he was upon the road to London, under a guard of her mes-
sengers. He refused the bishopric of Carlisle, which was offered
him by Queen Elizabeth, and about the same time resigned liis
archdeaconry. He died lamented by the learned, the charitable,
and the pious, the 4th of March, 1583.

JOANNES BRADEFORDUS, Mar. in the ''He-

roologia;' Sw.

John Bradford ; in Freherus.

John Bradford, who descended from a genteel family at Man-
chester, was some time a clerk, or deputy, under Sir John Harring-
ton, who was, by Henry VI 11. and Edward VI. appointed trea-
surer and paymaster of the forces at Boloign, and of the workmen
employed in the fortifications of that place. Whilst he was in this

* This gentleman was a schoolmaster at Cbeam, in Surrey. He did several otber
etchings in the same book. He afterward published the "Life of Latimer/' and
another volume of the Lives of eminent Reformers. The anonymous " Essaj od
Prints" was written by the same hand.

OP ENGLAND. 201

pmU he jieUfid to a temptatkmy whick ofiered itself, of under or
oner-clargiiig flome article in his accoonts, by which the king was
a consideiabte loser. Some time after, he was so deeply affected
with a seimon of Latimer upon Restitntion, that he resolved to
restore the wMe sum of which he had defrauded the king ; and
he strictly adhered to this resolution. When his mind had in some
measure recovered its tranquillity, he sedulously applied himself to
the study of divinity, took the degree of master of arts at Cam-
hridge, and became one of the most eminent preachers of his time.
His piety was in the h^est degree exemplary, his labours were
iicessant, his zeal was tempered vrith meekness, his charity was,
on every occasion, extended even to his enemies ; lus whole' life
after his conversion, and especially his calm resignation to the
flames, is a striking instance oi the force of the religious principle.
He was burnt in Smithfield the Ist of July, 1555.* The long im-
prisonment and cruel usage of this meek and pious martyr is alone
sufficient to blacken the reign of Mary. He is placed here as pre-
bendary of St. Paul's.

JOHANNES ROGERSIUS; in the '' Heroolo-
giaT Svo.

Johannes Rogersius ; in ** Freherus''

John Rogers, wKo was the first martyr in this reign, was inde-
fatigable in his ministerial labours, and of a most exemplary cha-
racter in every relation of life. He had strong attachments to the
world, having an amiable wife, and ten children, lliough he knew
that his death approached, he still maintained his usual serenity ;
and was waked out. of a sound sleep, when the officers came to
carry hitn to the stake.f In the reign of Henry VIII. he translated
the whole Bible, which he published under the fictitious name of
Thomas Matthew.! Ob. 4 Feb. 1555-6.

LAURENTIUS SANDERUS, Mart, in the ''He-
roologiaT 8t;o.
Laubentius San0erus ; in " Freherus''

* The roost remarkable passage in his life is that of his being let out of prison
on his parole. See Fox. The story is also in the '* Biographica Britannica."—
LoKi) Hailss.

t Indifferent in his choice to sleep or die. — Addison's Cato.

X Fuller's " Worthies;" in Jjuic. p. 108.

VOL. I. 2d

202 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY

Laurence Sanders was one of the exiles for religion in the reigf^
of Henry VIII.' Upon the accession of Edward, he retumed W
England, and was preferred to the rectory of AUhaliows, Bread-
street, in London,* and soon after constituted public professor <^
divinity of St. Paul's. lb the next reign, his zeal prompted him to
preach contrary to the queen's prohibition. When he came to tbe
place of execution, he ran cheerfully to the stake, and kissed it,
exclauning, *' Welcome the cross of Christ, welcome everlastii^
life I" Ob. Feb. 8, 1555-^.

It is remarkable, that almost all the martyrs in this reign died for
denying the doctrine of real presence, which was made the test of
what was called heresy^

JOHANNES CNOXUS (Knoxus), Scotus. R.
Cooper sc, h. sh.

John Knox, one of the exiles for religion in Switzerlanxi, pub-
lished his *' First Blast of the Trumpet against the Government of
Women," in this reign. f It was lucky for him that he was oot
of 'the queen's reach when be sounded the trumpet. In the oext
reign, he had the courage to rend the ears of the Queen of Scots
with several blasts from the pulpit. See the reign of Elizabeth.

CLASS V.

COMMONERS IN GREAT EMPLOYMENTS.

SIR JOHN GAGE, K.G.; from the original at
Hengrave. Edward Scriven sc. 4to. In Gage's Histoiy
and Antiquities of Hengrave^ in Suffolk.

Sir John Gage, at his father's death, was a minor, in ward to
the Duke of Buckingham, under whose eye he was formed for the
camp and the court. He accompanied the young King Henry to
the sieges of Tournay and TheroiieaDe ; where his majesty gave
kim the command of the castle of Guisnes, and afterward of Oye,.

* Where is a monumental tablet to bis memory in the vestry. He is said, bj
mistake, to have been vicar of St. Sepulchres. See Newcourt, I. 246, and JMai>
colm's Londinensis Aedivivum, vol. 3. p. 17.

t This pamphlet was levelled at the queens of England and Scotland.. .

OF ENGLAND. 203

Tn the limits of Calais : whence he was recalled to take his seat in
the privy council, and to assume the offices of vice-chamberlain and
captain of the royal guard. On the fall of Cromwell, earl of Essex,
Sir John Gage was appointed comptroller of the household, chan-
cellor of the duchy of Lancaster, and constable of the Tower of
London ; the krng, at the same time, honouring hhn with the garter.
About tins time he appears to have represented the county of Sussex
in parliament. In Uie expedition to Scotland, which terminated in
the rout of the Scots at Solway, he was a principal commander,
and subsequently was sent commissioner with the Chancellor Aud-
ky, and others, to conclude treaties of peace with Scotland, and
of marriage between Prince Edward and Mary the Scotch queen.
At the siege of Boulogne he held the stations of lieutenant of the
camp, jointly with Charles, duke of Suffolk, and of general captain
of the bands of horsemen. The king, by his will, nominated him
one of the council of sixteen, to assist his executors in the manage-
ment of public affairs, during the minority of his son ; bequeathing
to Sir John ^wo hundred pounds.

' At the commencement of Edward's reign Sir John Gage assisted
at the cQuncil; but Somerset prevailing, he retired from the board,
and was afterward displaced from his office of comptroller, which
was given to Sir Anthony Wingfield. He appears not to have at-
tended the council again uatil the day after the secret meeting at
Ely House, when, joining Southampton, then the avowed leader of
the Catholic party, he signed the declaration against the Protector.

Dudley, who now acquired the ascendancy, was found to be
equally a favourer of the reformed church ; upon which Southamp-
ton and Sir John Gage, on the same day, resigned their seats in
the council. Gage and Dudley had both formed alliances with the
Guldeford family, one having married the daughter of Sir Richard
Guldefbrd, the other, the daughter of Sir Edward, his youuger
brother. Nevertheless a few days before the death of King Ed-
ward,, at the moment when Dudley, aiming at the crown for his
:daughter-in-law, the Lady Jane Gray, placed her in the Tower, as
well-in the affectation of royal state, as for personal security. Gage
^was superseded in the command of that fortress ; which had been
conferred on him for life : a fact strongly illustrative of his prin-
ciples.

Mary coming to the throne, called Sir John Gage to her council,
appointed him lord-chamberlain of her household, and restored him
to the office of constable of the Tower ; in which character he had

206 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY

a painting in the presidents lodgings at St. John's
College.

I have been credibly informed, that a sister of Sr
Thomas y who very nearly resembled him, sat for the face
of this portrait.

Sir Thomas White ; in the middle compartment of
the " Oafbrd Almanack,'' 1733 and 1734,

Beside the above benefactions. Sir Thomas White left a fund for
100/. per annum, to be lent every year to four young tradesmen,
for ten years. This loan was, according to his will, to be lent to
the inhabitants of twenty-four towns, who were to receive it bj
rotation.*

CLASS IX.

MEN OF GENIUS AND LEARNING.

SIR THOMAS WYATT, the younger. A.
McKenzie; 4td.

Sir Thomas, though a Roman Catholic, was one of the discon-
tented at the proposed marriage of Queen Mary with Philip of Spain.
Rashly, with the Duke of Suffolk and others, he proposed to raise
Kent and the inland counties, in hopes of recovering the crown for
the Lady Jane Gray ; and, meeting at first with success, led his
forces to Southwark ; where he required, that the queen should pot
the Tower into his hands, and should deliver four counsellors as ^
hostages ; and, in order to ensure the liberty of the nation, she
should immediately marry an Englishman. He had imprudently
wasted so much time at Southwark, that the critical season vai
entirely lost. He was seized near Temple-bar by Sir Maurice
Berkeley, and was condemned and executed April 11, 1554.

PHYSICIANS.

JOANNES CAIUS, Medicus ; in the " Heroolo-
gia;"' Suo.

• See Green's " History »nd Antiquities <rf Worcester," vol. ii. p. "'•

g hy'^<ichardji'> ;V--J, /l^and

OF ENGLAND. 207

JbHANNEs Caius, med. Gannevil et Caii Coll.
iiiad\ alter y An\ 1567. Faberf. large 4 to. mezz. .

There is a small oval of him cut in wood, which is un-
9(MBwAvf* Qfuere, if this is prefixed to his book, ^* De
^adendi Methodo/' Zot;. 1556; 8vo.

i-::Jqann£s Caius ; mezz. Robins sc. scarce.

^'JoANNfis Caius ; with two Latin lines.

# .

John Caius, M. D. oval; with view of Cairn Col-
kge; in Wilson^s Cambridge. E. Harding, 1801.

The old portrait of him on board, at the college, is an undoubted
original.

. Dr. Caius, or Key,* physician to Edward VI. Queen Mary, and
Qp^en Elizabeth, was one of the most extraordinary persons of his
tge for parts and learning. He was Greek lecturer at Padua, and
nider of physic in that university. His medical works do honour
tp Ui genius and his skill in his profession ; not to mention his phi-
ikiQplucal and historical pieces, and his book of British Dogs,"
ii Iflitin. His ** History of Cambridge** gave occasion to a contro-
vert between the two universities, in relation to their antiquity ; as
Dr. Key has asserted in that work, that the university of Cam-
liridge was founded by Cantaber, three hundred and ninety-four
before Christ. His epitaph is as follows :

Fui Caius.f

Vivit post Funera Virtus.

Ob. 29 Julii, Ann Dn*. 1573, JEtatis a.u8B 63.

POETS.

1-. -

-^ JOHN HEYWOOD; several wooden prints of him,
mhis ^* Parable of the Spider and Flie,'' London, 1556 ;
4to.

* " His true name was Key/' says Mr. Baker. See Hearne's Appendix to his
Prefrce to " Tho. Caii Vindiciae Antiq. Acad. Oxon. contra Joan. Caium Cantabri-
gSeiM.*' p. 56.

t Shakspeare, wanting a name for a pragmatical physician, consulted the Chro-
lide, and found a Dr% Coins ; who has no more similitude to this Dr. Caius, than Sir
Fohn FalstafF has to the Sir J. F. pf History. — Lord Hailes.

208 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY

JoHK Heywood ; whole length. W. Richardson*
Copied from a wood<ut the same size.

- John Heywood was an admired wit in hia time» and. in much
favour with Queen Mary. He wrote several plays, a book of epi<
grams, &c. Dod, in his " Church History,*** says, that he is re-
puted the parent of our English epigrammatists, and an improver
of the stage ; and that his pleasantry and repartees were admired
by Sir Thomas More. Ob, circ. 1565. I have somewhere seen
John Heywood mentioned as jester to Henry VIII. I take this to
be the same person.

CLASS X-

ARTISTS.

ANTONIUS MORUS, Ultrajectensis Pictor.
H. H. (Hondius) s. small h. sh.

Antonio Moor, o Moro. Campiglia del Gregori
sc. In Museo Florentino.

Sir Antonio More; in ^^ Academic des Sciences.''

Sir Antonio More. Boulonois sc.

Sir Antonio More. T. Chambers sc. In the
" Anecdotes of Painting ;" 4to.

Sir Anthony More, history and portrait painter to Philip II. was
in England during the reign of Mary. Several of his pictures were
in the collection of Charles I. and at Sir Philip Sydenham's, at
Brympton in Somersetshire. He had one hundred ducats for
his common portraits. Ob. 1575, JEt. 56, See ** Anecdotes of
Painting."

JOAS VAN CLEEVE. Vivebat Anttverpice in Pa-
tria, 1544.

JoAS Van Cleeve ; inscribed '^Justo ClivensiAnt-
verpiano Pictori.''

• Vol. i. p, 369, 370.

OF ENGLAND; 209

JoajtVak Cliteve. Mutkrsv. In the ^^Anecdc^es
of Painting;'^ 4/0.

His bead is aldo amooig tbe painters ^graTed by H. Hondius.

Van CleeTe was a painter of merit, wbo came into England,
san^Mi&e'hi.yB eiipiectation of meeting witb encouragement from
Pbitijp : but ai he aikd hid works were slighted,* the disappointment
timed his brain.

ii« I

CLASS XI.

LADIES, &c.

JANE GRAY. Marshall #c. In Fuller's '' Holy
State ;'* small.

Jana Graia. R. White sc. h. sh.

Jeanne Gray. Vander Werff p. Vermeulen sc.
h, sh.

The Lady Jane Grey. A miniature^ hung against
the pyrannd of a large monument, the invention of the
engraver ; from an original in the possession of Alger-
nan, late duke of Somerset. G.Vertue sc. large sh. —
There is, or was, a portrait of her at Penshurst, in
Kent.'

Jana Graya. Esme de Bolonois f oval; neat.

Jane Grey ; a circle. Verttte. Basire sc.

Jane Grey. V. Schuppers.

Jane Gray; in the '^ fferoohgia.''

Lady Jane Gray ; m *' Noble AiUhors,'' by Park,
1806.

* A man of genius most have a name, which is usually acquired by patronage, be-
fofehb #ork»will gain die attention of the generality of those who set apfor jadgei
m arts or learning.

VOL. I. ' 2 E

210 BIOaRAPHICAL HISTORY

In the beginning of this reign, the excellent, the amiable Lady
Jane, who never had an ambitious thought herself, was sacrificed U>
the ambition of her relations. The simple incidents of her story,
without ** the tender strokes of art,'' would compose one of the
most pathetic tragedies in the English language. Fox tells us, that
the tears burst from his eyes, while he was writing her history ia'
the '' Book of Mart3rrs ;*' and the page of that book which contains
her sad and untimely catastrophe, has been sullied with the tears of
many an honest labourer.* Beheaded on the same day with her
husband, the Lord Guildford Dudley, Feb. 12, 1553-4.

CLASS XIL

PERSONS REMARKABLE FROM ONE
CIRCUMSTANCE, &c.

REMARKS ON DRESS, &c.

I have before observed, that much the same kind of dress which
was worn by Henry VI 11. in the former part of his reign, is now
worn by the yeomen of the guard. It is no less remarkable, that
the most conspicuous and distinguishing part of a cardinal's habit,
which has been banished from England ever since the death of
Cardinal Pole,^is also now worn by the lowest order of females, and
is called a cardinal.

I take the reign of Mary to be the era of ruffs and farthingales,!
as they were first brought hither from Spain. Howel tells us in his
** Letters," that the Spanish word for a. farthingale, literally trans-
lated, signifies cover-infant, as if it was intended to conceal preg-
nancy. It is perhaps of more honourable extraction,, and might sig-
nify caver-infanta,

A blooming virgin in this age seems to have been more solicitous

* The *< Book of Martyrs/' was placed in churches, and other public places, to
b.e read by the people.

t The first head described in the Catalogue with /& ruff, is that of Queen Mary.
Class!.

OF ENGLAND. 211

to hide her skm^ than a rivelled old woman is at present. The very
neck was generally concealed ; the arms were covered quite to the
wrists ; the petticoats were worn long, and the head-gear, or coif-
fure, close ; to which was sometimes fastened a light veil, which
fell down behind, as if intended occasionally to conceal even the
face.

In this reign square-toed shoes wt^re in fashion ; and the men
wore them of so prodigious a breadth, that Bulmer says, if he re-
members right there was a proclamation issued that no man shoidd
have his shoes above six inches square at the toes.

Fine Spanish needles were first made in England in this reign,
by a negro in Cheapside^

If I may depend on the authority of engraved portraits, .the beard
extended and expanded itself more during the short reigns of
Edward VI. and Mary, than from the Conquest to that period.
Bishop Gardiner has a beard long and streaming like a comet The
beard of Cardinal Pole is thick and bushy ; but this might possibly
be Italian. The patriarchal beiu'd, as I find it in the tapestries of
those times, is both long and large ; but this seems to have been the
inventicm of the painters who drew the Cartoons. This venerable
appendage to the fj^ce was formerly greatly ^regarded. Though
learned authors have written for and against almost every thing, I
never saw any thing written against the beard.* The^ pamphlets on
the " Unloveliness of Love-locks," and the "Mischief of long
Hair*' made much noise in the kingdom in the reign of Charles I.

* There are maay acts of provincial council against beardM,' When used byeccle*
4^^ic8, the J are always reprobated as the marks of secular vanity. — Load Ha i lav

912 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY

APPENDIX

THE REIGN OF MARY,

FOREIGNERS.

FERDINANDUS ALVARES, Toletanus, Dux
Alvae, &c. in a round. In Meteranus^s " Historia

El Duque D'Alva ; in armour; large beard; half f
sheet.

Dux ALViE ; in armour. Weest; scarce.

Fernand Alvarez de Toledo, &c. wood-cut^
with arms ; French inscription ; half sheet.

Fernand Alvarez ; curious border, with monkeys;
quarto.

Ferdinando Alvares, of Toledo, duke of Alva, a name " damned
to eternal fame" for his cruelties in the Low Countries, was a most
apt and ready instrument for a tyrant. He frequently executed
with all the rage of a soldier, what his master had predetermined
in cool blood. Philip's counsels and Alva's conduct, which seem
to have perfectly coincided, kindled such a war, and produced such
a revolt, as is scarcely to be paralleled in the history of mankind.
He died, according to Thuanus, in 1582, aged 77 years.

MARGARITA AUSTRIACA, Ducissa Parmffi,
&c. Van Sic hem sc. S7?iall h, sh.

Margarita Austriaca. Pass.

Margarita Austriaca ; on horseback.

* The Buke of Alva was in the train of Philip when he came into England; •*
appears from a pamphlet translated from the French, entitled, " New Lights thrown
on the Historj of Mary, queen of England/* addressed to David Hume, esq.

OF ENGLAND. 2J3

Margaret of Austria, duchess of Parma and Placentia, and go-
verness of the Low Countries for King Philip, was, together with
the Duchess of Lorraine, dispatched into England in this reign.
They were commanded to bring back with them, into Flanders, the
Princess Elizabeth, between whom and the Duke of Savoy, Philip,
for political reasons, had projected a match. The queen, Avho had
been frequently slighted by him, and was probably jealous of the
Duchess of Lorraine, with whom he was known to be in love,
would neither permit her nor the Duchess of Parma to visit the
princess at Hatfield. It was about this time, that the queen, in a
fit of rage occasioned by Philip's neglect, tore in pieces his por-
trait. See the Life of Sir Thomas Pope, p. 104, 105.*

HADRIANUS JUNIUS, Homanus, mediciis.
Theodore de Bry sc. In Boissard's '' Bibliotkeca Chat-
oogra^hkay' stmllAto.

Almost all the heads in the '^ Bibliotheca*' were engraved by de
Bry, for Boissard, an industrious collector of Roman and other an*
dquities. See an account of the latter in the preface to Montfaucon.

Hadrianus Junius. Larmessin sc: 4to.
Hadrianus Junius ; ovcdy mezz. Faher; scarce.

N.B. The one I have is a proof

Hadrianus Junius; sheet. Visscher.
Hadrianus Junius ; half sheet. H. Allardt.

Hadrianus Junius, one of the most polite and universal scholars
•f his age, was a considerable time in England, where he composed
several of his learned works ; particularly his ** Greek and Latin
Dictionary," to which he added above six thousand five hundred
words, and dedicated it to Edward VI. He was retained as phy^
aician to the Duke of Norfolk, and afterward, as Monsieur Bayle
informs us, to a great lady. He wrote various books of philology
and criticism, notes on ancient authors, a book of poems, &c. in
Latin. His " Epithalamium on Philip and Mary" was pubhshed iq
1554. Oh. 16 June, 1575, ^E^ 64.

* Mr» Warton, at p. 58 of this book, mentions a satirical print of her which I
never saw. It represents her naked, wrinkled, and haggard, and several Spaniards
socking her: beneath are legends, intimating t^iat they had sucked her to skin and
bone, and enomeratuig the presents she had lavished upon Philip. Mary was highly
incensed at this impudent pnsquinade.

214 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY

ELIZABETH

BEGAN HER REIGN NOVEMBER 17, 1558.

CLASS I.

THE QUEEN.

QUEEN ELIZABETH. Ant. More p. M. Van-
dergucht sc. Svo. In Clarendon's " Hist"

Elizabetha Regina. Hillyard (or Hilliard) p.
Simon/, h. sh. mezz.

Elizabetha, &c, Hillyard p. Kytef. 4to. mezz.

Elizabetha Regina. Hillyard p. Vertuesc. Sw.
This print and the other octavo, engraved after Isaac
Oliver f were done for " Camdeni Annates^' by Hearm:
the latter is in profile.

Elizabet, &c. Isaac Oliver effigiebat. Crispin
Van de Pass inc. whole length ; large h. sh.

Elizabetha, &a I. Oliver p. * Vertuesc. 2 prints;
h. sh. and ^vo.

' Oaeen Elizabeth^ who reasoned much better upon state-afTairs
" -illaU on works of art, was persuaded that shadows were unnatural
m painting, and ordered Isaac Oliver to paint her without any.
•Oae striking featdre in the queen's face was her high nose.f I
menticm this circumstance, because it is not justly represented in
manj pictures and prints of her.

Elizabetha, &c. o;i her throne; three persoyis stand-
ing^y her; a wooden print ; date in MS, 1567 ; small.

* Thb was In tbe collection of Dr. Mead, &c.
t Naimton*! *« Fragmenta Regalia,'* p. 4.

OF ENGLAND. 215

Elizabeth, &c. holding a sphere. Inscript. Sphara
Civitatis ; a wooden print ; from John Cases " Ratio
Reipublica administrandce" 1593, <§*c. 4to.

Elizabeth, &c. camp at Tilbury y Spanish Armada ;
a wooden print ; h.sh.

Elizabeth ; on her throne. Cursed is he that curseth
thee, 8gc. a wooden print; 8vo,

Elizabeth ; whole length ; sitting enthroned between
2 pillars, crowned; globe and sceptre in hei^ hands ;
arms supported by a lion and dragon; ornaments of
roses ^ 8^c. eight Latin lines ^ 1579, by W. Rogers; rare.

Elizabeth ; in the dress in which she went to St.
Pauts, by C. Turner ; fol.

Eliza BETH A Dei Gr. m^tto, Posus Deum Adictore
Meum ; arms at the corners. C. de Pass sc. small
gtuirto ; in Nautical Portraits.

Elizabeth A ; " Lo heare her Type;' small oval,
border on a separate plate. Sold by Roger Daniall;
very neat and scarce.

Eliza BETH A, &c. Elstracke sc. Ato.

Elizabeth A, &c. F. Delaram sc. 4to.

Eli z ABET, &c. Crispin de Passe eji:c. Ato.* lam
credibly informed y that there is a h.sh. and an 8vo. print
of Elizabeth, by the same hand, neither of them whole
lengths, and that the former hath been copied.

Elisabeth ; a lohole length, by Simon Pass.
Elizabetha, &c. in Holland's ^^ Heroohgia ;' 8vo.

Elizabeth, &c. Compton Holland exc. small 8vo.
Elizabeth ; pompously dressed, holding a fan of

* Crispin de Pass published heads of illustrious persons of this kingdom, from the
jearlSOO, to the beginning of the seventeenth century. -

21G BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY

ostrich's plumes ; from her " History by way of AnnaU^'
1625; Ato.

Elizabeth, toith a feather fan^ well copied from
the above. Frontispiece to another edition of the same
booky infol. 1630.

Elizabeth; a large heady by Hen. Hondius ; done
at the Hague, 1632.

Elizabeth ; a small oval, with the heads ofJcmtes L
and Charles I. in the title of Smith's *' History ofVvr*
ginia;' 1632 ;/o/.

Elisabetha, &c. Frojitispiece to Carevfs " Pacata
HibemiaT fol. 1633.

Elizabeth, &c. in armour, on horseback; horse
trampling on a hydra, Sgc. T. Cecill so. h. sk.

Elizabeth, &c. inancval. Emblems of Faith^S^c.

Elizabeth, seated on her throne; on each side are
lions, with the letter E ; eight Latin verses; large h.sh.

Elizabeth, wukr an arch ; three Latin lines. Sold
by Compton Hollaiid; quarto.

Elizabeth a. Anton Wierjc ; small square,

Elizabeth ; whole length ; standing between two pil-
lars ; ships, ^c. Latin inscription ; small sheet.

. Elizabbtqa ; eight English verses. Ger. Mountin
McyJpnt. Sould bi Roger Danielle S^c.

^UZABETH, &c. sceptre afid globe; sia: verses : the
td empress, ^c. Stent exc. h. sh.

zabetu, under a canopy, holding a feather-fan.
pt. cut off. There is a print of her, under a canopy,
White; h. sh.

~ZAB£TH ; oval. In the " Genealogy of the Kings
ndyfram. the Omqtiest, by M. Calm /' large Ato.

OF ENGLAND. 217

Elizabeth, crowned by Justice and Mercy; large Ato.

£lisabet> &c. Fiilei Chnstiame propugnatrix acer^
rima ; Ato.

Elisabetha, &c. Non mepudet Evangelii, ^c. h. sh.

Elisabeth, &c. Cock exc, 4to. This belongs to a set*

Elizabetha, &c. W. Marshall sc. small; in Ful-
lers '' Holy State;' 1642 ; fol.

Elizabeth; a wooden print ; small 4to. in Benlowe's
" Theophila^ or Lovers Sacrifice f^ fol. 1652. There is
a wooden print similar to this, but not with the same in-
script iony in ^^ A Booke of godlie Praiers^' &;c. Lond*
1608. To each page of this book, which is in the black
klter, is a border of ornaments, elegantly cut in wood,
containing Scripture Histories and Death's Dance.

Elizabetha, &c.

*^ Shee* was, sbee is, what can there more be said,
In earth the first, in heaven the second maid."

These lines, which are under the head, are the last verses of an
inscription on a cenotaph of Queen Elizabeth which was in Bow-
church, f Theophilus Gibber tells us, in his ** Lives of the Poets,"t
that they are an epigram of BudgeUs, upon the death of a very fine
young lady ; and that he did not remember to have seen them pub-
lished.

Eliza betha, &c.

Tros absit, merito mirabitur Afer Elisam ;
Anglus idem tibi non prcestet Elisa tuus.§

* Sic Orig. t See the *' View uf Londoa,** p. 371. Svo. 1708.

t Vol. T. p« 16.

$ Tl^ia poor distich relates to the Duke of Anjou's courtship of Elizabeth. If the
iQosionto the affair of Dido and ^neas had been well expressed, perhaps the writer
of the veBses, and the engraver of the print, would have had their right hands cut
off; at John Stobbe bad for his spirited pamphlet against the duke*B marriage with
the qaeen.|

I See the article of Stubbe, In Masters*s Hist/of C. C. C. C. p. AVT, 428.
VOL. 1, ' 2 F

218 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY

There are several foreign prints of Elizabeth^ Mary,
queen of Scots, the Earl of Leicester ^ S^c. in Meteranus's
and other Histories of the Belgic War. Her portraits
in the title-plate to the Bishops' Bible, mentioned under
the article of Lord Burleigh.* There is another curious
print of her, with emblems, prefixed to " Compendiosa
totius Anatomes Delineatio, per Thomam Greminum,"
Lond. 1559. Van Sichetn has engraved a whole length
of hevy and there are copies, and vile copies of copies,
not worth mentioning. The same may be observed of the
prints of the two Charles's, Sfc. S^x.

Elizabetha, &c. oval, l2mo. neat.

Elizabeth, sitting under a canopy. Lord Burldgh
on her right hand, and Sir F. Walsingham on her left.
— Title to Sir Dudley Digg's " Compleat Ambassador^
1 655 ; fol. Faithorne sc. h. sh.

Elizabetha, &c. R. White sc. h. sh.

Elizabeth, &c. Van Somerexc. Ato.

Elizabeth, &c. Vander Werff p. (delin.) Vcr-
meukn sc. h. sh.

Elizabeth ; a la7*ge pearl hanging at her breast.

G. V. ( Vertue ) sc. Sw.f

Elizabeth, E: Harding sc. In Harding's ^* Shah-
speare.''

* Itiboold be ol)9enred, that the title to tlie Bishops' Bible has been printed from
different plates.

f In the " ArehflBologia of the Society of Antiqaaries/' vol. ii. p. 169, &c. is a
copy of a proclamation in the hand-writing uf Secretary Cecil, dated 1563, which
piohibits-" all manner of persons to draw, paynt, grave, or pourtrayit her majesty's
penontge or visage for a time, on til by some perfect patron and example, the same
iMy h^ by others followed, &c.; and for that hir majestic perceiveth that a grete

■ber ofhir loving subjects are much greved and take grete ofibnce with the errors

I defonnitiet already committed by sondry persons in this behalf, she straightiy
\ all bir officers and minbters to see to the due observation hereof, and as
|y tap to xeform the errors already committed, &c."

OF ENGLAND. 219

Elizabeth ; /o/. Zucchero. Adamsc. 1796.

Elizabeth, on her throne, sceptrey and emblems of
uti^tnumy and geography ; eight Latin lines; An. Dni.
1579 ; half sheet ; no name of engraver.

^ Mr. Richardson has a curious miniature of Elizabeth
when young y by Isaac Oliver: it came from old Somerset
Hou^e.

HISTORICAL PIECES, &c.

Queen ELIZABETH, going in procession to Lord
Bumsdoris home in Hertfordshire^ circ. A. 1 580. Marc.
Giarrardp. Vertue sc. 1742 ; large sh.

fai this print are the portraits of the Earl of Leicester, Henry,
lord Hunsdon, William, lord Burleigh, Charles, lord Howard,
afterward earl of Nottingham ; Lady Hunsdon, Elizabeth, sister to
Lord Hunsdon, and wife of Lord Howard, &c. The painting was
mistaken for a procession to St. Paul's, till Vertue ascertained the
history of it. The original is in the possession of Lord Digby.

Queen Elizabeth, sitting in full parliament ; fron-
tispiece to Sir Simonds D' Ewes' s ** Journals of the Par-
liaments of this Rdgn ;''^ fol. 1682.

John Fenn, esq. of East Dereham, in Norfolk, has a most curious
engraved roll of the procession of the knights of the Garter in the
reign of Eliatbeth ; it is sixteen feet three inches in length, and
abonf a foot in breadth. It contains fifty-nine portraits, between
fimrand five inches in height. At the end is a MS. dedication of
it to the queen, signed Thomas Daws, and dated 1576. The
names of Uie persons represented are also in MS. It is, perhaps,
a. proof-print engraved by Theodore de Brie ; but some nice judges
haye, I hear, taken it for a drawing.

Queen Elizabbth, on her throne in parliament,
by Elstrack ; very scarce in this state, as it was soon
altered to James. L

220 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY

There is a curious head of Queen Elizabeth, when old and hag«
gard, in the '* Catalogue of Royal and Noble Authors,*' done with
great exactness from a coin, the die of which was broken.

The following summary of her history is under several of the
above-mentioned portraits.

" Having reformed religion; established peace; reduced coin to
its just value ;* delivered Scotland from the French ; revenged do-
mestic rebellion; saved France from headlong ruin by civil war;
supported Belgia; overthrown the Spanish invincible navy; ex-
pelled the Spaniards out of Ireland; received the Irish into mercy;
enriched England by the most prudent government, forty-five years;
Elizabeth, a virtuous and triumphant queen, in the seventieth year
of her age, in a most happy and peaceable manner,t departed this
life ; leaving here her mortal parts, until by the last trump she shall
rise immortal."

Elizabeth, who was raised from a prison to the throne, filled it with
a sufficiency that 4pes great honour to her sex, and with a dignity
essential and peculiar to her character. Though her passions were
warm, her judgment was temperate and cool : hence it was, that
she was never led or over-ruled by her ministers or favourites,
though men of great abilities and address. She practised all the
arts of dissimulation for the salutary purposes of government. She
so happily tempered afiability and haughtiness, benevolence and
severity, that she was much more loved than feared by the people;
and was, at the same time, the delight of her own subjects, and the
terror of Europe. She was parsirnqnious, and even avaricious : but
these qualities were in her rather virtues than vices ; as they were
the result of a rigid economy that centred in the public. Her
trea^ent of the Queen of Scots, the most censurable part of her
conduct, had in it more of policy than justice, and more of spleen
than policy. This wise princess, who had never been the slave.of
her passions at the time of life when they are found to be most
powerful, fell a victim to their violence at an age when they are
commonly extinguished.

^ The base coin of Henry VIII. was culled in, and the queen and the subject
weieeqodlj losers in reducing it to the jost standard,
t See Lady Effingham, Class XI.

OF ENGLAND. 221

THE ROYAL FAMILY OF SCOTLAND.

MARY BEGAN HER REIGN, 1542.

MARIA STUART, Reg. Fran, et Scot. Francisci
II. Regis* uxor; in a round frame on a pedestal,

Marie Stuart, Reine de Fran. &c. ; four French
verses. Tho. de Leuf Ato. very neat.

Marie Stuart, epouse du Roy Francois II. with-
out the engraver's name.

Marie Stuart, &c. in ** Histoire de France, par
Jkfezeray.'' De Bie sc. but it is without his name.

Maria, &c. Cock eo'C.

When Mary, in the full bloom of her beauty, was walking in a
procession at Paris, a woman forced her way through the crowd to

* Francis the Second, king of France, a prince of a mean genius and weakly con-
stitation, died of an imposturae in his right ear, in 1560.t See a circunistantia] ac-
eouot of his death, in " D'Avila," p. 67, 68. edit. Lond. 1765, 4to. He is said, in
the " Biographia Britannica," p. 3326, to have been accidentally killed at a tilt by
a lance. Several ingenious persons have been led into the same mistake ; in which
they were possibly confirmed by his medal, on the reverse of which is a broken lance.
But a medal of Catherine de Medicis, his mother, has the same reverse \t and it al-
ludes to the death of Henry the Second, his father, who was killed by a splinter
which flew from Montgomery's lance, at a tilt It is observable, that he was exe-
cuted for this accident fifteen years after it happened.^ Both these medals are in
the British Museum. The former is remarkable for a striking resemblance of a lady
of the highest rank. ^

t In Lord Hardwicke's State Papers, a very different cause of his death is sug-
gested.

^ At that very early period, probably for want of appropriate circumstances, the
same reverse was frequently used for medals of different persons, as is well known
to the collectors : there was, however, no great impropriety in commemorating the
accident of the father's death on the son's medals. I think I have seen the broken
lance also on the back of a medal of the Duchess de Valentinons, Henry's mistress :
her common reverse is, Diana trampling on Cupid, with this legend, Omnium Vic-
torem Vici. — Bindley.

$ So we are informed by several authors; but, perhaps, his having joined the Hu-
gpnot faction, and being found in arms at Rochelle, was the principal cause of his
execution, which might have been accelerated by the former fact.

222 * BIOGRAlPHIGAL HISTORY

touch her. Upon being asked what she meant by her bold intra- W
sion, she said, it was only to satisfy herself whether so angelic a IL
creature were fle^ and blood. L

Maria Stuart, &c. Scotiae regina, douag. Galli«;
4to.

Maria Stuart, regina Scotiae, &c. From the or'u
ginal painting of C. Janet,* at St. James's. J.Fakr
f. h. sh. mezz.

Maria Stuart, &c. Janet p. Fertue sc. 1721;
Svo. A copy by Boitard ; foL

There is an 8vo. print of her after Janet, by HukU.

Maria, &c. Zucchero p. Vertue sc. 1725 ; A. sh.
The original, which by some is not esteemed genuine,]
belonged to Lord Carlton, and afterwards to Lard Bur-
lington.

. Maria, &c. a copy of the ne.vt above by FertuCj
without the painter's na7n€ ; 8vo.

Maria, &c. a mezz. after Zucchero' s painting ; h,sk

Maria, Scotorum regina, &c. a small oval, e«-
graved an a gold plate, from Dr. Mead's miniature. G.
Vertue sc. This is sometimes printed with an engraved
border.

Mary, queen of Scots. J. Oliver p. Houbrakensc,
copied from the ne.vt above.

Mary, queen of Scots. J. Oliver p. copied from
Houbraken by Strange, for Dr. Smollefs " History;'*
small; in a round.

Maria, &c. a genuine portrait of her, from an on-

♦ Janet's portraits are often mistaken for Holbein^s.

t Vertue did not believe it a genuine portrait, though employed to engrave it—
Lord Orford,

OF ENGLAND. 223

r

giml in tie palace ofM. lameis, dated ISSOj Anno
^. 38 ; Vertue sc. h. sh. engraved for Rapin's ** His-
toryr ;

Marxa, Regina, &c. 1643. Oriis of the scarce^set
of the Kings of Scotland. ' '

Marie, &e. copied from the same set, done at Am-
sterdamy 1603 ; 4fo.

Marie, &c. standing and resting her left hand on
tf two^rmed chair: T. V. O. at the bottom. From
Montfaucon's ^' Monumens de la Monarchie Fran-
foise/' In the same plate are portraits of her two
husbands.

Maria, &c. Elstracke sc. 4to.

]M[ari A, &c. R. M. E. in a cypher.*

Mary, he. a small head. Hollar f.

MaIiie, &c. Vander Werf p. (delin.) P. a Gunst
sc. h. sh.

Maria, &c. in black velvet, trimmed with ermine.
/• Simon h. shtfmezz. A copyinmezz. byPelham;Ato.

From a picture in the possession of the late Duke of Hamilton.
Thb is a very different face from the portrait in St. James*s.

Maria, &c. Hans Liefrinck eve. F. H. in the left-
hand comer ; h. sh. ,

Maria, &c. Mt. 44, 1583; veil, cross hanging at
her breast ; arms on the left side of the head; h. sh.
scarce.

MARiiE, &c. in an oval; two Latin verses, " En
Tibi Magnanimce,' &;c. P. M. quarto ; scarce.

* -I am informed, that there is a pdnt of her from the medal struck at Rome; in
the obverse of which she is staled Queen of England, as well as Scotland. This
^ve umbrage to her riral Elizabeth.

224 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY

Maria, Scotia et Gallia de Facto de Jure Anglias
et Hybemia Regino, Martyrum Cansummavit Aetatis
Regn 45, A. D. 1587. /. Leopoldi sc. ; four crcucM
suspended over her head; arms of the four kingdoms at
each comer ; ^vo. scarce.

Maria ; in an oval^ to which four oromns are sm-
pended; two Latin verses ; small octavo ; scarce,

Maria ; whole length; with James I. a child. Zuc-
chero. F. Bartolozzifec.

Maria ; in Harding's '* ShakspearCy'' and mam/ others
by Kay^ S^c. Sfc.

Maria; three quarters; hand on a cushion. C
David; rare.

Maria ; whole length. F. H(ogenberg); curious.

Maria; oval, in a square; in a cloak trimmed with

fury covered with fleur de lis ; cross and pearls at her

bosom ; crown on her cap ; round the oval Marie Stuard

Royne D'Ecosse ; neat; in Causins " La Cour SainteJ'

vol, a. 1657 y p. 272.

Maria; small circle; engraved from a cast. IT.
Schiavonettiyjun. sc. In Iconographia Scotica.

Mary, queen of Scotland, and Lord Darnley. \

Elstracke sc. h.sh.

Mary, queen of Scotland, and Lord Darnley;
two small ovals in one plate. No ?iame of painter or
encrraver.

Mary, queen of Scots, and her son James ; intm
rounds joined ; on the right and left of which are the
heads of her two husbands.

Mary, &c. in the di^ess in which she went to her
execution; a crucifix in her right hand^ Gaytvoodf.
1655; ^to.

OF ENGLAND. 225^

»

4uarA^ &c. a head in an aval, with a represeiUati&n
W^ execution; a large h. sh.Jine.

lj» print y according to Yeftv£s manuscript^ was
^irifroad by William Pass. There are copies of it
pfetera^ms's " History^' 8^c. There is a very scarce
li of her going to execution, which is well engraved;
^ her head are two angels with palms; a small oblong
* sheet. ' There are also neat prints of her, which re^
tnt her execution, by Huret and Vignon; the former,
^vo. is very scarce. The quarto print, by Soudan,
the date of her execution, viz. " Matt'yrium passa
1587."

fARiA, &c. sitting. J. Couay sc. large h. sh^
cution at a distance.

is unhappy princess, though naturally disposed to virtue,. ap-
» to have heen too guilty of the crimes laid to her charge,
such were the graces of her person and behaviour, that every
that saw and conversed with her was inclined to think her in-
Dt, at least to wish her so, and all concurred in pitying her suf-
gs. She was behfeaded in the hali of Fotheringay-castle, the
of Feb. 1586-7. Queen Elizabeth, who, among her other ex-
nces, was an excellent dissembler, immediately dispatched a
r to her son, disavowing her privity to his mother's execution.
Y was soon after enrolled among the martyrs of the church of
le,

[ENRY, LORD DARNLEY, (titular) king of
ftland, A\ Do*. 1563, JEt. 17. Lucas de Heere p.
Vertue sc. From an original at St. James's ; h. sh.

Ienry, lord Darnlev, duke of Albany, &c. sold
jreo7ge Humble ; 4to.

iOrd Darn ley's Cenotaph: by it are kneeling ,
tthetv, earl of Lenox, and Margaret his wife;
i?ies their son, and the king of Scots their grandson,

)L. I. 2 G

OF ENGLAND. 227

nrmour, holing a stoord and an olive branch ; a wooden
jprint; Ato. prefixed to the dedication of the following
iooky '' Icones, id est verae Imagines Virorum Doc-
trina simul et Pietare illustrium,'' &c. Geneva,
1580, 4to.

To each print is subjoined^ in pure Latin, by Theodore
Bezay a short account of the life and character of the
person represented. The heads, among which are several
belonging to the English series, are well cut in wood.

Jacobus VL &c* in his right hand a scepter, with
a crescent at the top ; Ato.

Jacobus VL &c. J. Janssonius exc. Ato. See the
next reign, Class I.

Jacobus VI. &c. in armour : ** Quod sis esse
velis/' &c. neat and uncommon.

CLASS XL

GREAT OFFICERS OF STATE AND OF

THE HOUSEHOLD.

^* SYR WILLIAM PAULET, &c. marques of
Wynchester.** In the jx)ssession of Dr. Glynn, of Cam-
bridge. The print, which represents him very old, was
etched by Mr. Tyson.

Sir William Paulet, marques of Winchester.
Harding sc.

The Marquis of Winchester, who was so much of the courtier as to Created
accommodate himself to princes, as well as subjects of very different 9^l\^^*
characters, was, from his natural and acquired abilities, perfectly
qualified to act with propriety in one of the highest offices of the
state. Having been comptroller, and afterward treasurer of the

228 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY

household i^ Uie reign of Henry VIII. in which he was hoi
with the Garter, he, in the fourth year of Edward VI. was
lord high-treasurer of England, in which office he continued d
the next reign, and part of that of Elizabeth, to the time
'death, which was on the 10th of Mardi, 1571^2, at Basing-taill"V
C^imden tells us, that he lived to see 103 persons deseeded ll^ft£
him.* Being asked hy what means he maintained himself is
lugh station during so many changes in the administration, bii ijpil *
8wer was ^' By heing a willow and not an oak." He built the
nificent structure more like a palace than a villa, called
houAe, which was taken and burnt by Cromwell in the ciyil vir*

i5r«. WILLIAM CECIL, lord feurleigh (lord higi£
treasurer). Houbraken sc. In the collection of
JEar I of Burlington. Illust. Head. Ir^

GuLiELMUs Cecilius, &c. in the " HeroQhg,¥i^k\
9>vo.

Sir William Cecil, knt. baron of Burleigh,
Cor unurriy via una ; 4to.

Sir William Cecil, &c. T. Cecill so. \2mo.

William Cecil, baron of Burleigh, &c. Mdf-
shall sc. small ; in Fuller's '* Holy State.''

GuiL. Cecilius, &c. Vertue sc. h. sh.

There are portraits of Lord Burleigh and the Earlof

Leicester, in the characters of David and Joshua^ in tk

frontispiece to the *' Bishops' Bible," printed by Juggc*

The print was engraved by Humphry Cole. There arc

also wooden cuts of them in the same book.^

^ " Annales/ p. 269.

t " I hope (says Mr. Walpole) that the flattery ta the favourites wis the incense
of the engraver.'* I am persuaded that it was. But offensive as the portraits are,
the large G, at the head of the first chapter of the Epistle to the Hebrews, in the
same edition of the Bible, is far more offensive. It represents a naked Leda, witji
a swan, as shocking in point of indecency as can be imagined, and still more so in
point of impropriety, as it makes a part of so awful a word. It is highly probable,
that this letter was cut for one of Ovid's books, and that il was thus grossly misap'
plied by the ignorant printer.

OF ENGLAND. 229

luord Burleigh, master of the court of wards,
tod his assistants, sitting. From a picture of the
Duke of Richmond's. Vertue sc. large sh.

Sit William Cecil was made president of the court of wards the Great. I
■ K)th of January, 1561 ; at which time he was secretary of state. ^"jJ^^JF
•Be immediately applied himself to the reforming of many scanda- 1570-1,
loos abuses in that court, and presided in it with great sufficiency.

William Cecil, lord Burleigh; in " Noble Au-
thors/* by Park. Geremia sc,

William Cecil, lord Burleigh ; %vo. W. N. Gar-
iinef* sc. 1793.

Lord Burleigh. See his portrait in the procession
<f Queen Elizabeth to Lord Hunsdons.

Lord Burleigh has been deservedly placed at the head of our
Snglish statesmen ; not only for his great abilities, and indefatiga-
bla application, but also for his inviolable attachment to the interests
of his mistress. There needs no stronger proof, perhaps no stronger '
can be given, of his great capacity for business, than the following
passage from his life:

** Besides jail business in council, or other weighty causes, and
such as were answered by word of mouth, there was not a day in term
wherein he received not threescore, fourscore, or a hundred peti-
tions, which he commonly read at night, and gave every man an
answer the next morning, as he went to the hall : whence the excel-
lence of his memory was greatly admired ; for when any of these
petitioners told him their names, or what countrymen they were, he
presently entered into the merit of his request, and, having dis-
cnssed it, gave him his answer.'' He had a principal share in the
administration forty years. Ob, 4 Aug. 1698.*

THOMAS HOWARD, duke of Norfolk (earl-

* ** Lord Bmieigh, and the other great ministers of Elizabeth, were absolately of
lier.own cboice^ and thpir characters and conduct were such, that nothing can be
more jost than what Mr. Waller observed of her to James II. who, in diminution of
Iwr personal merit, allowed her to have an able council. To which he replied, with
hu uaoal ▼ivacityt'Aad when did your majesty ever know a foolish prince to choose
•Viae dnc ?** •' Hbtorical View of the Negotiations between England, France, and
Bmaself/' p. 216.

230

BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY

marshal). Holbein p. Houbrakensc. IntkecoUtdmv
of Mr. Richardson. Itlust. Head. — This is now Mi. I
Walpole's.

Thomas Hoavard, duke of Norfolk, &c. under at ;
arck. Ujider a correspondent arch, are thirty coatttf
arms quartered in one shield, about which are badges tj
the order of the Garter and St. Michael ; above art
Gothic ornaments : four English verses. The print it
old and neatli/ engraved. If there ever had been at^
jiame of an engraver, it is defaced. It measures thirtecH
inches and three quarters wide, iy nine inches and a half
high, and is in the possession of John Fenn, esq. of End
Dereham, in Norfolk, who drew and sent tne a sketch of
it. This curious print came from a farm-house belong-
ing to the Norfolk family ; and the tradition is, that it
proof was formerly given to every tenant of the duke;
but how long since, or by whom, is uncertain.

Thomas Howard, duke of Norfolk, &c. fac simik
ccpy of the above; in the Woodbum Gallery.

Thomas Howabd, duke of Norfolk, as earl of
Surrey. H. Holbein. F. Barlolozxi sc. 1796.

Thomas HowAan, earl of Surrey. H. Septan.
J. Dalton K. Tbete are in the Royal Collection.

Wtitit^ The great virtue and merit of ibis nobleman guned him the b-
■9463. ,(mf of )^p queen, and the universal love and eiteem of the people,
till he unhappily engaged himself in the desperate cause of Maiy,
queen of Scots, whom he endeavourDd to espouse, and re«tore to
her ihfooe. He Beems to have been strongly actuated by two
powerfnl pasuoDi, love and ambition, which soon ptecijMtated bin
Oft liw few. '*• fr» a sacrifice to the jenlouiy of Elizabeth, m Wi
faihrr Uit Er-.i .'ny did to that of Henry VIII. Behead«

OifSdotJii...

NGS, earl of Huntingdon, wifi

OF ENGLAND. 231

Henry, earl of Huntingdon, was the eldest son of Francis, second
earl of Huntingdon: this pious and good man was held in such
esteem by Queen Elizabeth, that he was installed knight of the
most noble order of the Garter, next after the Emperor Maximilian,
and was made lord-lieutenant of the counties of Leicester and Rut-
land. He was one of the peers who had charge of Mary, queien of
Scots, and is said to have been of an amiable disposition. Bishop
Hall styles him the " incomparably Religious and Noble Earl ;'* and
Archbishop Grindal, to Lord Burleigh, writes : " My Lord Presi-
dent's good government here among us, daily more and more disr
coreretb the rare gifts and virtues which afore were in him, but in
private life were hid from the eyes of a great number, and the old
proverb was verified in him, Magistratus probat Virum.'* He is said
to have died very poor, — 1595» .The charges of the funeral, amount*
ing to upwards of 1342/., was defrayed by Queen Elizabeth.

EDWARD STANLEY, earl of Derby. Bartolozzi.

Edward Stanley, earl of Derby. Dalton. From
the Royal Collection. '

)Sdward Stanley, earl of Derby. Harding.

Edward Stanley, third earl of Derby, was in the early part of his
life in the retinue of Cardinal Wolsey, and attended Henry VIIL at
his interview with Francis 1st. He acted as cupbearer at the coro*
nation of Queen Anne Bullen, and was by King Edward VL in-*
stalled knight of the Garter. He was one of the privy council to
the queens, Mary and Elizabeth ; and lived in the greatest splen-
dour withont dependance on the court. — Camden said, *' That with
Edward, earl of Derb/s' death, the glory of hospitality seemed to fall
nltep!* He is said to have been well skilled in surgery ; and dying
at L^tham-hoqse, 1574, was buried with the greatest magnificence.

HENRY STANLEY, earl of Derby ; fr(m an
ifriginal picture in the collection of the Earl of Derby,
at Knowskt/j in Lancashire. H. R. Cooke sc. 4to.

Henry, fburth earl, of Derby, was the eldest son of Edward, the

Affd earl, by his first wife, the Lady Dorothy, daughter of the

'€ .of Norfolk, lie was elected a knight of the Garter on the

of April, 1574; and was installed at Windsor, with Henry

ten, earl of Pembroke, in the mouth following. In 1576, he

234 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY

and Elizabethy the youngest, married to Henry Haatings, eail of
Huntingdon.

WILLIAM HOWARD, lord Effingham ; M. 86,
Z. He. i. e. L. de Heere p. 1558. J. OgbornCy 1774.

Lord William Howard was one of the courtiers who attended
King Henry VHI. at his magnificent interview with Francis Ist,
and assisted at the coronation of Queen Anne Bulkn as earl-mar-
shal of England. He was sent ambassador into France ; and soon
after his return he and his lady were indicted for misprision of trea-
son, in concealing the misdemeanour of Catharine Howard, and con-
demned to perpetual imprisonment. He was soon after pardoned,
and attended the king at the siege of Boulogne. On the accession
of Queen Mary, he was created Lord Howard of Effingham, and
soon after lord high-admiral of England, &c. He was also a great
favourite of Queen Elizabeth, who continued him in his former ap-
pointments, and employed him in the weightiest affairs of state.
He died 1573, and was buried in the parish-church of Rygate,
Surrey.

WILLIAM PARR, earl of Essex ; with his auto-
graph. C. Hall sc.

William Parr, &c. Holbein. Bartolozzi.

William Farr» son of Sir Thomas Parr, and brother to Queen
Catharine Parr, was created a peer of the realm, first Baron Parr,
and after Earl of Essex; and by Edward IV. Marquis of Nor-
thampton, who always called him " his honest uncle.'* On the ac-
cession of Queen Mary he was deprived of his honours, for having
taken a part with the Duke of Northumberland to raise Lady Jane
prey to the crown ; but was restored by Queen Elizabeth. He is
niid to have been well skilled in the arts of war» music, and poetry.
Be died 157 1, and was buried in the church of St. Mary^ Warwick.

ROBERT DEVEREUX, eari of Essex, 1601.
^* Oiiverp. Houbraken sc. In the collection of Sir
RtAert Worsley, bart. Illust. Head.*

• * -TUt it now at Stnwberry-hill, and hts beea engraved by Bartolozci, for Hard-
¥9^ ftekapcHTc.

IB

OF ENGLAND. 235

• The portraits of him are remarkable for the black hair, and red
beard. At Warwick Castle there is an original of him by Zucchero.
There is also a whole length in the gallery at Longleat.

Robert Devereux, &c. earl-marshal of England, ^™™^*
and new lord-general of her mqjesty*s forces in Ire- 1597.
land. Wm. Rogers so. Sold by Joh. Sudbury and Geo.
Humble; h. sh.

Robert Devereux, &c. in the " Heroologia;^'Svo.

Robert, earl of Essex, on horseback. W. Pass sc.
h. sh. This has been copied.

There is another neat print of him on horseback,
iated 1601. Fleet, army, &c. Robert Boissard sc.
Kip. exc. h. sh. This has been well copied.

RoBERTUs Devereux, &c. hat and feather. Co.
Holland excu. 4to.

Robert Devereux, &c. W. Dolle sc. Bvo. In Sir
Hen. Wottons *' Remains'"

Robert Devereux, earl of Essex. Gerimia sc
In " Noble Authors,'' by Park, 1806.

Robert, earl of Essex ; mezz. W. Humphrey.

Robert, earl of Essex, on horseback. C. Pass.

Robert, earl of Essex ;^iftto. Wierer.

Robert, earl of Essex and Ewe, &c. Stent ; Ato.

Robert D'evereux, &c* Vander Werff p. P. a
Gunst sc. h. sh.

The valiant and accomplished Earl of Essex, who was the object
of the queen's ,♦ as well as the people's affection, was very ill-qua-
lified for a court ; as he was as honest and open in his enmity, as
he was sincere in his friendship. He was above the little arts of
dissimulation, and seemed to think it a prostitution of his dignity to
put up an aflfront even from the queen herself. His adversaries,

♦ Sec Hume*5 "Hbt." and the " Cat. of Royal and Noble Authors.'*

u\^\>

^30 BIOGRAPHJOAli HISTORY

V^ho were cdol 8^d deliberate in their malie^, knew how to aNl p
^eiii^selves of the warmth and openness of his temper, and secietl) h ^
drove him (o those fatal extremities, to whioh the Yiolence of bi& p
i>ature seemed to have hurried him. Beheaded the 25th of Fe-
bruary, 1600-1. See Class VII.

HENRY FITZ ALLAN, earl of Arundel, in <l^
mour ; half length ; round cap, ruff. The inscryfdm is
v( ffmmi^cnpt,

IIknhy Fitz Allan, earl of Arundel. H. HoUm.
C Ilalisc. 1778; late in the Torringtan Collection.

Vfp%i^ Henry > earl of Arundel, waa a principal instrument in setting
Mavy upon the throne. He was, soon after her accession, ap-
polut^d steward of the household, and eontinned to act in the saiae
^n^ployment under Elizabeth. He is said to have entertained the
ttvoug^est hopes of marrying that princess ; and to have left the
kingdom in disgust, when he saw himself supplanted in her favour
by the Earl of Leicester. AAer his return to England, he appealed
Ugain at court, and joined with Leicester, and other courtiers, in a
plot against Cecil. He was the last earl of Arundel of the name
of Fitz Allan. 06.1579.*

G. TALBOT, earl of Shrewsbury ; 1580, T. Cook
sc. a heady with large beard and ruff; i?i Mr. Lodge's
^^ Illmtrations of British History y^ 1791 ; 4 to.

George, the sixth earl of Shrewsbury, in 1561, was chosen one
of the knights of the Garter, and installed at Windsor the same
year. He had the custody of Mary, queen of Scotland, committed
to his charge ;t in 1571-2, at the arraignment of the Duke of Nor-
folk, he was made lord high-ateward of England ; and after the
execution of that peer, was constituted earl-marshal of England.—
Camden says, " In those ticklish times he made a shift to assert
his honour, and make good his trust, for 15 years together, against
all the machinations and slander of the court party, aiid the ill con-

• The first coach ever publicly seea in li^ngland, was the equipage of Henry, earl
of Arundel. This vehicle was invented by the French, who also invented the post-
'Chaise, which was introduced by Mr.Tull, son of the weli-knowa writer on bas-
bandry.
t See Lodge's ** Ijlustratloas ofBritiah History,'' vol. ii.

OF ENGLAND. ^7

4nct of his second wife, to such a degree, that he left behind him
ihe double character of a wise and faithful statesman, and a brave
and worthy commander." He died 1590, and was buried at Shef-
fUif IB Yorkshire. s

GREAT OFFICERS OF THE HOUSEHOLD;

ROBERT DUDLEY, earl of Leicester; peties
Illust. Com. Oxon. Vertue ^c. 8vo.*

Roi^EftT Dud tEY, earl of Leicester* J. Houbraken
9C. In the collection of Sir Robert Wgrsley^ bart. Illust.
Head.

* 4 ' '■

■ » o • . - .

RqBehtvs Dum,Eiu»^ &c. W. P/ (Wm. Pass) f.
In the, " Jierootogia;' 8w.

RoBEKTUJi DuBLEius, &c. W. Pass SQ. Two Latin
verses.

RoBERTUs DuDLEius, &c. Hieronimus Wierex f.
small oval ; neat.

Robert Dubli:y, &c. Marshall sc. 12mo. Fron-
tispiece to thefammbs libel, entitled, *' Leicester's Common
Wealthr 1641.

RoBERTus Dudleius, &c. Ob. 1588 ; 8w.

Robert Dudley, &c. Vander Werff p. Vermeulen
sc. h* sh.

Robert Dudley, &c. Bouttatsf. Antverjnce^h.sh.

RoBERTUS DuDLEUs, &c. on horscback ; from a
'^ History of the N^herlands, or the Belgic War,' in
High Dutch ,'^ h. sh.

Robert Dudley, &c. Sold by John Hinde.

* Since inscribed Geoige^ esarl of Cambesla^d, whicb is correct
t In this book are several English portraits bj a gofl|4 hand«

238 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY

Robert Dudley, earl of Leicester; a small oval,
by Goltzius ; from a gold plate ; scarce.

Robert Dudley, earl of Leicester; in Rogers's
** Imitation of Drawings '' F. Zucchero. Watts sc.
1773.

Robert Dudley, earl of Leicester ; from the same,
Adam sc. 1795.

Robert Dudley, earl of Leicester; in arnumr,
hat and feather; 4to. oval; scarce; and in the " Oxford
Almanack,'' 1736.

Robert Dudley, K. G. wood-cut; at the top two
English lines J " Reason rules Lord Robertas Ijife,^* ^.
at the bottom four English verses, " The Physnogm
herp figured,' Sgc. prefixed to ^^ The most Ancient ad
Learned Playe, called the Philosopher's Game;^ hj
PT. 1^.1653; scarce.

Robert Dudley, &c. See his portrait in the
procession to Hunsdon-house. There are also heads
of him, copied from others, in " Strada de Bello
Belgico," and other histories of the Low Countries.

Cr. 1564. Leicester's engaging person and address recommended him to
the favour of Queen Elizabeth.* These exterior qualifications vitb-
out the aid of any kind of virtue, or superiority of abilities, gaiadi
him such an ascendant over her, that every instance of his miscoD-
duct was overlooked ; and he had the art to make his faults the
means of rising higher in her favour. He is said to have been tbi
first who introduced the art of poisoning into England.f It is cer-

* Nothing could form a more curious collection of memoin, than Anecdotes H
Preferment. Couid the secret history of great men be traced, it would af
that merit is rarely the first step to advancement. It would much oftener be fooolj
to be owing to superficial qualifications, and even vices. The abilitiea of the
ralily of mankind unfold themselves by degrees, and the office forms the num.
Christopher Hatton owed his preferment to his dancing. Queen Elixabeth/
all her sagacity, could not see the future lord-chancellor in the fiqe dapcer.

t Howcl's " Letters,** voL iv. p. 451.

OF ENGLAND. 239

tain, that he often practised it himself, and that he sent a divine to
convince Walsingham of the lawfuhiess of poisoning the Queen of
Scots, before her trial. He was appointed master of the horse»
1 Eliz. ^nd steward of the household, Dec. 1587. Ob. 4 Sept. 1588.
See Class VII.

HENRY CAREY, lord Hunsdon, chamberlain of
the household. His portrait is in the procession of
the queen to his own house, Class I.

Lord Hunsdon; small oval; from the procession.
Jl Thane exc.

Henry, lord Hunsdon, who was cousiu-german to the queen, Cr. bar
by Mary, sister to Anne Bolen, was much in her confidence and i^pjf?"
&vour, and had the charge of her person at court, and in the camp
at Tilbury. He was of a soldierly disposition himself, and was a
great lover of men of the sword. He was remarkable for a freedom
of speech and behaviour, oflener to be found in a camp than a
court ; made no scruple of calling things by their own names, and
was a great seller of bargains to the maids of honour. It is said,
that the queen offered to create him an earl, when he lay upon his
death-bed, and that he refused the honour as unseasonable.* He
died at Somerset-house, 1596, iEJ^ 71.

GREAT OFFICERS OF SCOTLAND.

MATTHEW STUART, earl of Lenox, regent of
Scotland. His portrait is with Lord Darnly's ceno-
taph. See Class L

Matthew Stuart, earl of Lenox; with his auto-
graph. Thane exc.

The Earl of Lenox, father of Lord Darnley, was chosen regent
in 1570. His abilities were by no means equal to the government
of a headstrong Sind factious people during a minority. He was

* It should here be remembered, that the last Lord Hunsdon, before he sue*
ceeded to his title, was bound apprentice to the mean trade of a weaver ; so low was
the family reduced. But, considering the probability of his becoming a peer, he
betook hnnfldf to a military life, and rode privately in the guards, I think in the
raign of Aane. He was 9 commissioned officer before the title devolved to him.

a4tf BIOGRAMllCAt in0TORY

ifmrdered by Queen Mary'a faction in 1571 , lU^ordtng to Dr. Ro»
bertson; according to others/ in 1572.

, JAMES, earl of Morton ; 1 58 L J. Houbraken sc.
1740. In the possession of the Earl of Morion. Illugli
Head.

James Douglas, earl of Morton ; in oval, 12m
deceased 1581. J. Houbraken.

. The Earl of Morton was chancellor of Scotland in the reign of
Elected re- Mary, and regent of that kingdom in the minority of James Vl
gent 1572. jj^ ^^^ ^^^ ^^ ^^ persons concerned in the assassination of Rizio,

* ' and was afterward appointed to treat with Elizabeth s deputies,

^ concerning the reasons for deposing Mary. He looked upon his

own interest as inseparable from that of the Queen of England^to

whom he was ever firmly attached. He governed Scotland witb

vigour and dexterity ; but his government has been very justly

censured as oppressive and rapacious. He was secure while he

Resigned held the regency ; but was, upon his resignation, abandoned to the

1578-9. fy„y Qf ijjg enemies. He was executed for the murder of Lord

Daruly ; in which he was no otherwise concerned, than in being

privy to that atrocious fact. Beheaded the 2d of June, 1581.

GREAT OFFICERS OF IRELAND.

HENRIGUS SYDNEIUS, Eques Auratus. 01
1586. In the '' Heroologia;' 8vo.

Sir Henry Sidney ; in Harding's *^ British Cabi-^
netj'' 1799. In the collection of the Right Hon. the
Earl of Egrermnt.

Henricus Sydneius; in Freherus.

Sir Henry Sidney was the son of Sir William Sidney, a gentle-
man who distinguished himself as an officer by sea and land, in the
reign of Henry VIII. to whom he was chamberlain and steward.
His mother was Mary Dudley, eldest daughter of John, earl of
Warwick. The beauty of his person, the brightness of his parts,
and the politeness of his manners, were conspicuous at an early
period, and highly recommended him to Edward VI. with whom^e

^t.

OF ENGLAND. 241

was educated. Whedier we consider him as a gentleman, a public
minbter or a Ticeroyy his character is shining, and, in some in-
ttawfleai great. His administration in Ireland, of which he was
Area-tniea a lord-justice, and four times deputy, shews how wortliy
he was of his viceroyaJty, and how consummate a master of the
icieDoe of government Though he was of a gentle nature, and of
grett pnhiio 'apirit, he knew that firmness, and sometimes severity,
irera aeiaesaaiy to rule a fierce and uncivilized people, who were far
Crom being totaUy subdued. His strictness in levying the cess im-
posed upon, the Irish rendered him very unpopular, and was the
Dccadm of Us being recalled from his government. He hath roo-
desdy ' displayed his own character, with greater advantage than
any other himd can draw it, in his letters, published with many
other letten of his illustrious family. It is perhaps needless to in-
Ibmi the reader, that this great man, who deserves to be much
better known, was father of Sir Philip Sidney.

JOANNES PERROT, Prore^v Hibernue, 1584 ;

The head is prefixed to an anonymous '' History of his Govern-
nentin Iidand,^ 1626 ; 4io.

Sir John Perrot; mezz. V. Green sc. In Dr.
NoMs '* ITutoTy of Worcestershire^

Sir Joh n Perrot"; copy of the last. W. Richardson.

Sir John Perrot was son of Sir Thomas Perrot, gent, of the bed-
chamber to Henry VIII. and Mary, daughter to James Berkeley,
esq. a lady of the court; who, as Sir Robert Naunton tells us»
** was of the king's familiarity ;" and he adds, that " if his picture,
qualities, g^ture, and voice, be compared with that king's, they
will plead strongly that he was a surreptitious child of the blood
royal.**

Henry, upon hearing of his valour in a rencounter at the Stews
in Sonllkwark, sent for him, and promised him preferment. He
was of a size and stature far beyond ordinary men, seems never to
have known what fear was, had a terrible aspect when provoked,
and distinguished himself in all martial exercises more than any
of his contemporaries. He was employed both by sea and land
against Ireland in this reign ; but in subduing that kingdom gave
too great a loose to the natural ferocity of his temper; for which,

VOL. I. 2 I

242 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY

und Ufi MfM ttfigaarded ezpmsioiis wbich he let fall against the
i|i»«<tn»* tus was attaiDted, and died in the Tower in a few months
9iX\¥f liin trial, in Sept. 1592. Dr. Swift says, in the preface to
kin *' I'ollU Conversation/* that he was the first that swore by

HODKRT DEVEREUX, earl of Essex, was ap-
imintiul lord-deputy of Ireland, and commander of
\\\» ft>n?i>ii in that kingdom, 1598-9.

HU tilkviuy this command was entirely correspondent to the
wUk^ \>t hU vi(j;Uaut and artful enemies, who soon contrived to
|iui (uiu uvou tk^ forlorn hope. See the first division of this class.

UUALTKHUS DEVEREUX, comes Essexiae;
in the •* Hit^volog^ia r 8t;o.

Waltkk Devbreux, earl of 'Essex; in Park's
^' JRoj/al mid Noble Author s.^ Geramia sc.

Walter Devereux, earl of Essex. H. Meyer sc.
From the original in the collection of the Right Hon,
Lord Bagot.

Walter Devereux, earl of Essex, and earl-marshal of Ireland,
was father of Elizabeth's favourite. He distinguished himself by
suppressing a rebellion in the North, which was raised and sup-
ported by the Earls of Cumberland and Westmoreland. He was
afterward sent to chastise the Irish rebels ; but was unsuccessful
in this expedition, as he was crossed in his designs by the Earl of
Leicester and the lord-deputy Fitzwilliams. He died of a dysen-
tery at Dublin, the 22d of September, 1576, not without a violent
suspicion of poison, given him by the procurement of the Earl of
Leicester, who was soon after married to his widow. f — ^**The Re-
porte of his death" is inserted by Heame, in his preface to " Cam-
deni Elizabetha," sect. 26, from which copy there are several con-
siderable variations noted in ** Hemingi Chartular. Eccles. Wigorn."
published by Hearne, p. 707.

* The queen, having sharply reprimanded him, afterward sent him a soothiirg
letter ; which occasioned his saying, " Now she is ready to bepiss herself for ft«
of the Spaniard, I am again one of her white-boys."

t Lettice, daughter of Sir Francis Kuolles.

a

it

244 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY

great damage to the Spaniards, and eminent service to the state; |M
but greatly impaired his own fortune. Ob, 30 Oct. 1605-, -^(.47.*

FRANCIS RUSSEL, the second earl of Bedford; \U
Ob. 1585. J. Houbraken sc. 1740. In the collectm
of the Duke of Bedford. lUust. Head.

Francis Russell, earl of Bedford. H.Holbdnf.
F. Bartolozzi sc. 1796. In the Royal Collection.

Francis Russell, earl of Bedford \frofn thesam,
R. Dalton sc.

Francis, eldest son of John, lord Russel, afterward earl of Bed-
1548. ford, was made a knight of the Bath at the coronation of Edward VI.
Upon the demise of that prince he was at the head of those spirited
partisans of Mary who took arms against the faction of the Lady
Jane Grey* He attended Philip, consort to the queen, in his expe-
dition to France, where he shared the glory of the memorable vic-
tory of St. Quintin. He succeeded his father in honour and estate!}
and was sent ambassador to France and Scotland by Queen Eliza-
beth ; who did justice to his merit, by conferring upon him several
offices of trust and dignity.f He founded a school at Wobum, in
Bedfordshire, and two scholarships in University College, Oxford.
He was so bountiful to the poor, that Queen Elizabeth would mer-
rily complain of him, " that he made all the beggars ;" " and sure,"
saith my author, " it is more honourable for a nobleman to make
beggars by their liberality, than by their oppression :" and, what
was more to his honour, he was, in the opinion of all that knew
him, a firm friend to religion and virtue. Ob, 1585, Mt. 58.

HENRICUS HERBERTUS, comes Pem. In the
" Heroologiaf 8vo.

1551. Henry Herbert, earl of Pembroke, and knight of the Garter,
was much in favour with Elizabeth, and a great friend and patron
of religion and learning. He married Mary, the accomplished and
amiable sister of the celebrated Sir Philip Sidney, who survived
him many years. Ob. Jan. 19, 1600-1.

* See a curious account of the burial-place of the ClifTords, in Skiptoa churcb,
in Whitaker's History of the Deanery in Com. York, p. 313. ; and Banks's Extinct
Baronetage, vol. ii. p. 97.

t See Colllns's *' Peerage."

OJP ENGLAND. 245

[LIP HOWARD, ead of Arundel, mth his
iph. J. Thane cv.

, eldest son of the unfortunate Thomas, duke of Norfolk,
id Earl of Arundel by descent from his mother, and was, at
times, imprboned for his attachment to Mary, queen of
nd corresponding with Cardinal Allen and Parsons the
Alarmed by those repeated attacks upon his liberty, h6
to retire abroad, and was preparing to avoid the severity
ws, when, by treachery, he was apprehended in a retired
the coast of Sussex* After a year's confinement he was
d to pay a fine of £10,000 and to be imprisoned during
n's pleasure. In 1589 he was arraigned of high.treason ;
ig required to hold up his hand, he raised it very high ;
' Here is as true a man* s heart and hand as ever came into this
le was found guilty and condemned. to die; as, however,
had been convicted merely on a religious account, the
d not allow the sentence to be put in execution, but suf-
n to languish in the Tower, where he died, 1595, in the
r of his age. A memorial of his piety, carved by his own
the stone wall of his secluded apartment, is still to be
ee Lodge's ^' Illustration,*' vol. ii. p. 329. See Pennant's
1," p. 258. edition 1805.

BROSIUS DUDLEIUS, comes Warwici;
* Heroologia ;' Svo. His portrait is at Wobiirn

)se Dudley, earl of Warwick, was son of John, the great Cr. 1562.
^Northumberland. Mary had scarcely ascended the throne,
together with his father, and under his direction, appeared
as a partisan for Lady Jane Grey. He was, for this act
on, attainted and condemned to die. At the accession of
I, he was regarded as one of the ornaments and favourites
urt ; and, in the fourth year of her reign, was created earl
ick. He was a man of great courage, tempered with
dence. At the battle of St. Qnintin, he signalized himself 1557.
ttive bravery, and displayed, at the siege of New Haven,*
he was governor, such passive fortitude as none are ca-
>ut great minds. He was long shut up in this place by

* Since universally called Havre de Grace.

1

246 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY

a numerous army; but held ii, with invincible firmness, daring tbe
complicated miseries of war, famine, and pestilence, till he T^celved
an express command from Elizabeth to surrender it. In defence
of this fortress, he received a wound in his leg, of which he long
languished. At length he submitted to an amputation, which pat
an end to his life, the 20th of February, 1589, about the satieth
year of his age. There is a fine monument of him in a chapel be-
longing to the church at Warwick.

THOMAS ARUNDELL, first lord Arundell of
Wardour ; small oval, within an engraved frame.--
Upon the miniature ^ and round the portrait is 1584.
Tho: Arun: . dell S: R: I: Go', in Corpore sano. En-
graved by R. Cooper, from a miniature in thepossmm
of the Right Hon. Lord Arundell. — Private plate.

Sir Thomas Arundell, son and heir of Sir Matthew Arundell, knt
though but a young man, his father then living, went over into
Germany, served as a volunteer in the Imperial army in Hungary,
behaved himself valiantly against the Turks, and in an engagement
at Gran, took their standard with his own hands ; on which account,
Rudolph II. emperor of Germany, created him count of tlie sacred
Roman empire by patent, dated Prague, 14 Dec. 1595. 38 Eliz.for
that he had behaved himself manfully in the field, as also, in as-
saulting divers cities and castles, shewing great proof of his valour
&c. so that every of his children, and their descendants for ever, of
both sexes, should enjoy that title, have place and vote in all Impe-
rial diets, purchase lands in the dominions of the empire, list any
voluntary soldiers, and not to be put to any trial but in the Imperial
chamber. The year after, on his return home, a dispute arose
among the peers, whether that dignity conferred by a foreign po-
tentate, should be allowed here, as to place and precedence, or any
other privilege ; which occasioned a warm dispute, that Camden
mentions in his history of Queen Elizabeth ; and that the queen
being asked her opinion, answered, that there was a close tie of
affection between the prince and subject, and that as chaste wives
should have no glances but for their own spouses, so should faithful
subjects keep their eyes at home, and not gaze upon foreign
crowns ; that she, for her part, did not care her sheep should wear
a stranger's marks, nor dance after the whistle of every foreigner ;
whereby it passed in the negative, and the queen wrote the same

iw

rd

I

OF ENGLAND. 247

'Car to the emperor, acquainting him, that she forbid her subjects
^viog him place and precedence in England. He was in high fa-
vour with Rodolph IL who made him several great offers, but he
hose to return to his native country. King James I. to ceun-
dnance his. merits, in the third year of his reign, created him a
•aron of England, under the title of Baron Arundell of Wa^rdour,
y letters patent dated May 4th, 1605, with limitation thereof to the
eirs male of his body. He died at Wardour Castle Nov. 7th, 1639,
ged 79, and lies buried at Tisbury in Wilts.

A SCOTCH PEER.

HAMILTON, Comte dArran. Vander Werff pi
P. a Gunst sc. h. sk. From Larreys " History T

James, the third earl of Arran, and second duke of Chatel-
herault, a title conferred upon his father by Francis 1. was, in the
es^rlier part of his Ufe, the most amiable and accomplished gentle-
man of his family. In 1555, he went to the court of France, then
the gayest and most polished in Europe, whcire he was highly in
avour with Henry H. who made him captain of hist Scottish lifc-
piards. Here he was first dazzled with the charms of Mary ; but
le regarded her with that admiration with whidi a subject beholds
lis sovereign. As his fi|ther had been regent of Scotland, and was,
ipon failure of issue from that princess, declared by the three
(States of the kingdom heir to the crown, his views were aspiring,
md he was once in hopes of gaining Queen Elizabeth in marriage.*
^hen Mary returned to her native country, he conceived the
itrongest passion for her ; a passion in which ambition seems to
lave had little or no part ; but being treated with coldness and
leglect, he abandoned himself to solitude, and indulged his me-
aiichdly, which brought on an almost total deprivation of his rea-
ion, and cut short the expectations of his friends and .admirers
>*. 1609.

JOHN MAITLAND of Lethington, lord Thirles-
;ao, and lord high-chancellor of Scotland. Trotter
c. In Smith's ^^Iconographia Sc&ticay

*Dod, in his " Church History/' vol. ii. p. 51, says, that this earl, the £ar( of
Lfundel, and Sir William Pickering, "were not out of hopes of gaining Queen Eli-
ibeth's affections in a matrimonial way/'

248 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY

John Maitland, second son of Sir Richard Maidand, boniAi. It
I537y after being educated in Scotland, was sent to Fmo^U L
study the law ; in which he was eminently conspicuous. IbU^T
his father resigned the privy-seal in his favour; but hevaiMlATH
prived of that office for his attachment to Queen Mary. W^fa^mu i'
excellent qualities brought him into favour with James VI.; n»
for his great merit, probity, and faithful service, in 1586, bedi*^ -^^
made lord-chancellor of Uie kingdom of Scotland ; and is ISlfm'cfi
he was created Lord Maitland of Thirlston. — He died 1595,flMil "^
lingering disorder, from having incurred the king's displeasneslp
consequence of espousing the queen's plan to remove Prince Hoql ^
from the government of the Earl of Mar. He was interred in til': jF'
church of Haddington ; King James honouring bim with tn 9'|1|^-X'
taph. See " Iconographia Scotica ;" '^ Noble Authors,'' by Paik»^ li

CLASS IV.

^^

•la

IkS

THE CLERGY. lU

ARCHBISHOPS AND BISHOPS. IM/

MATTHiEUS PARKERUS, archiepiscopusCaDt.f ''^
H. Holbein p. * Vertue sc. h. sh. K^

Matthew Parker, archbishop of Canterbury, r|
Mt. 70. 1573. R. Berg (alias Remigius Hogenb€rg\)
f. A book is open before him^ a bell on the table^ amu
at the four cor?ie?^s, 12mo. Vertue thought that the arch-
bishop's head by Hogenberg was the first portrmt en-
graved in England, The print correspofids with an Uk-
mination in the original copy of the Statutes of Carptu
Christ i College in Cambridge, done by Berg, and exadlj
traced off and etched by Mr. Tyson, and with a paint-
ing lately in the possession of James West, esq. but it
now the property of his Grace the Archbishop-of Canter-

* Painted before he was archbishop.

tThis engraver and Richard Lyne were retained in the arcbbbfaop's family*
The latter both painted and engraved.

OF ENGLAND. 249

It is eMremehf probabie that this portrait vkxs
y Lyne, who was an artist of great merit.

THiEus Parkerus; in the ^' Heroologia P 8w.
/ in Boissard.

rxHiEus Parkbrus, &c. Decanus Lincoln, sub
do VI. consec. archiep. Cant. Dec. 17, 1569. Ob.
E7, 1576. JR. White sc. h. sh.

iKER, archeveque de Cantorberi. Vander
p. JP. d Gunst sc. h. sh.

TTHiEus Parkerus, &c. 1672, JEt. 69. Vertue
sh.

TTHJEus Parkerus, &c. Vertue sc. 1729. Fron-
I to his book " De Antiquitate Britanmca Ec-
" Sfc. published by Dr. Drake ^ 1729 ; fol.

TTHEW Parker; in an oval^ 4to. (G. Fertue.)

TTHEW Pari&er, &c. C. Picart, 1816, from
ginal in the collection of his Grace the Archbishop
xterbury^ in Mr. Lodge's " Illustrious Portraits. ^^

bew Parker, the second Protestjuit archbisbop of Canter- Consec.
eis a strict discipliharian, and exacted an entire conformity iT'J^ec.
ational religion. He made a large collection of mahiacript»
nted books, many of which belonged to abbeys, colleges,
thedral churches, before the reformation. They relate
o the ** Hidtory of England," ancj were given by hhn to the
of Corpus Christi College, in Cambridge. He loved and
>ed the arts ; and employed a painter and two engravers in
ce at Lambeth. B^sfdes the above-mentioned book, he pub-
be " Bishops* Bible/'* and several of the best of the old
historians ; namely, Matthew of Westminster, Matthew
\.sser, and Walsingham. He translated the Psalms into
verse. It should also be remembered to his honour, that

al prelates were concerned in this translation. Mr. Selden, a Very able
his " Table Talk/' pronounces the Englisb Bible, inclading itils and King
raaslation, the best in the world, and the nearest to the sente of the

I.

2 K

242 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY

4

and for some unguarded expressions which he let (all against the
queen,* he was attainted, and died in the Tower in a few months
after his trial, in Sept. 1592. Dr. Swift says, in the preface to
his <* Polite Conversation," that he was the first that swore by
G— 8 W— s.

ROBERT DEVEREUX, earl of Essex, was ap-
pointed lord-deputy of Ireland, and commander of
the forces in that kingdom, 1598-9.

His having this command was entirely correspoodent to the
wishes of his vigilant and artful enemies, who soon contrived to
put him upon the forlorn hope. See the first division of this class.

GUALTERUS DEVEREUX, comes Essexiae,
in the " Heroologia ;" 8vo.

Walter Devereux, earl of Essex; in Park's
** Rqi/al and Noble Authors.'' Geramia sc.

Walter Devereux, earl of Essex. H. Meyer sc.
Frotn the original in the collection of the Right Hon.
Lord Bagot.

Cr.earl, Walter Devereux, earl of Essex, and earl-marshal of Ireland,
was father of Elizabeth's favourite. He distinguished himself by
suppressing a rebellion in the North, which was raised and sup*
ported by the Earls of Cumberland and Westmoreland. He was
afterward sent to chastise the Irish rebels ; but was unsuccessful
in this expedition, as he was crossed in his designs by the Earl of
Leicester and the lord-deputy Fitzwilliams. He died of a dysen-
tery at Dublin, the 22d of September, 1576, not without a violent
suspicion of poison, given him by the procurement of the Earl of
Leicester, who was soon after married to his widow. f — ^''The Re-
porte of his death" is inserted by Hearne, in his preface to " Cam-
deni Elizabetha," sect. 26, from which copy there are several con-
siderable variations noted in ** Hemingi Chartular. Eccles. Wigorn."
published by Hearne, p. 707.

* The queen, having sharply reprimanded him, afterward sent him a soothing
leUer ; which occasioned his saying, " NoImt she is ready to bcpiss herself for fev
of the Spaniard, I am again one of her white-boys.'*

t Lettice, daughter of Sir Francis Kuolles.

157«.

■tr- b Qt.^ fl.lZ.ASETU

?^.-.

OF ENOLANb. 243

CLASS III.

PEERS.

GEORGE CLIFFORD, earl of Cumberland; a
ead in a sjnall oval; sLv va^ses underneath, ** Like
Mars in valour^'' S^. This print appears to be older
ban any, other t/iat I have seen of him.

G£OR6ius Clifford^ comes Combriac. In the

Herodbgiar 6w-

iprJBORGB Clifford, &c. Ro. Va. (Vaughan) sc.
rare.

rEORGE, cafl of Cumberland ; dressed for a tour-

vent ; curious. R. White sc. h. sh. rare.

'"■ .

p&EORGE, earl of Cumberland; dressed for a tour-
t^ 8w- W. Richardson.

PSsoRGE, earl of Cumberland. G. Ferine sc. See
' ' fer.

'j^CrEpitGE, earl of Cumberland, and his family; from
|p| original at Skipton Castle.

SB, earl of Cumberland. C. Prest sc. From
^^orijginal picture, in the Bodleian Gallery, Oxford.
^Mr. Lodge's ** Illustrious Portraits.'^

^George Clifford, earl of Cumberland, 158G;
'^sh. a good print, without the name of the pai^iter or
'Over ; in the character of the queen's champion.*

Clifford, earl of Cumberland, the celebrated adventurer, 0. 152!
one of those gallant noblemen who, in 1588, put themselves on
the fleet, to oppose the Spanish Armada. He made no less
■eleven voyages, chiefly at his own expense ; in which he did

* His armour complete, excepting ouc gauntlet, is in a press at Appleby Ca&tlc.
— Lord Uaxles.

244 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY

great damage to the Spaniards, and eminent service to the state;
but greatly impaired his own fortune. Ob, 30 Oct. 1605-, ^t 47.*

FRANCIS RUSSEL, the second earl of Bedford;
Ob. 1585. J. Houbraken sc. 1740. In the colkctm
of the Duke of Bedford. lUmt. Head.

Francis Russell, earl of Bedford. H. Holbmp.
F. Bartolozzi sc. 1796. In the Royal Collection.

Francis Russell, earl of Bedford \fro1n the same,
R. Dalton sc.

Francis, eldest son of John, lord Russel, afterward earl of Bed-
Cr. 1 548. ford, was made u knight of the Bath at the coronation of Edward VI.
Upon the demise of that prince he was at the head of those spirited
partisans of Mary who took arms against the faction of the Lady
Jane Grey. He attended Philip, consort to the queen, in his expe-
dition to France, where he shared the glory of the memorable vic-
tory of St. Quintin. He succeeded his father in honour and estate!,
and was sent ambassador to France and Scotland by Queen Eliza-
beth ; who did justice to his merit, by conferring upon him several
offices of trust and dignity.f He founded a school at Wobum, in
Bedfordshire, and two scholarships in University College, Oxford.
He was so bountiful to the poor, that Queen Elizabeth would mer-
rily complain of him, " that he made all the beggars ;" " and sure,"
saith my author, " it is more honourable for a nobleman to make
beggars by their liberality, than by their oppression :" and, what
was more to his honour, he was, in the opinion of all that knew
him, a firm friend to religion and virtue. Ob, 1 585, Mt. 58.

HENRICUS HERBERTUS, comes Pem. In the
" Heroologiaf 9>vo.

Cr. 1551. Henry Herbert, earl of Pembroke, and knight of the Garter,
was much in favour with Elizabeth, and a great friend and patron,
of religion and learning. He married Mary, the accomplished and
amiable sister of the celebrated Sir Philip Sidney, who survived
him many years. Ob, Jan. 19, 1600-1.

* See a curious account of the burial-place of the ClifTords, in Skipton churcbi
in Whitaker's History of the Deanery in Com. York, p. 313. \ and Banks*s Eitinct
Baronetage, vol. ii. p. 97,

t See Collins's *' Peerage."

1^

r

61

It
11

Of ENGLAND, 245

PHILIP HOWARD, ead of Arundel, with his
autograph. J. Thane ea\

Philip, eldest son of the unfortunate Thomas, duke of Norfolk,
ivas called Earl of Arundel hy descent from his mother, and was, at
different times, imprboned for his attachment to Mary, queen of
Scots, and corresponding with Cardinal Allen and Parsons the
Jesuit. Alarmed by those repeated attacks upon his liberty, ht
resolved to retire abroad, and was preparing to avoid the severity
of the laws, when, by treachery, he was apprehended in a retired
part on the coast of Sussex* After a year's confinement he was
sentenced to pay a fine of £10,000 and to be imprisoned during
the queen's pleasure. In 1589 he was arraigned of high.treason ;
and being required to hold up his hand, he raised it very high ;
saying, " Here is as true a matCs heart and hand as ever came into this
hall.** He was found guilty and condemned to die ; as, however,
the earl had been convicted merely on a religious account, the
qneen did not allow the sentence to be put in execution, but suf-
fered him to languish in the Tower, where he died, 1595, in the
39th year of his age. A memorial of his piety, carved by his own
band on the stone wall of his secluded apartment, is still to be
seen. — See Lodge's " Illustration,*' vol. ii. p. 329. See Pennant's
** London," p. 258. edition 1805.

AMBROSIUS DUDLEIUS, comes Warwici;
in the ^* Heroologia ;''' 8vo. His portrait is at Wobiirn
Abbey.

Ambrose Dudley, earl of Warwick, was son of John, the great Cr. 156
duke of Northumberland. Mary had scarcely ascended the throne,
when he, together with his father, and under his direction, appeared
in arms, as a partisan for Lady Jane Grey. He was, for this act
of rebellion, attainted and condemned to die. At the accession of
Elizabeth, he was regarded as one of the ornaments and favourites
of the court; and, in the fourth year of her reign, was created earl
of Warwick. He was a man of great courage, tempered with
equal prudence. At the battle of St. Quintin, he signalized himself 1557.
by his active bravery, and displayed, at the siege of New Haven,*
of which he was governor, such passive fortitude as none are ca-
pable of but great minds. He was long shut up in this place by

* Since universally called Havre de Grace.

246 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY

a numerous army ; but held ii, with invincible firmness, daring the
complicated miseries of war, famine, and pestilence, till he received
an express command from Elizabeth to surrender it. In defence
of this fortress, he received a wound in his teg, of wbich he long
languished. At length he submitted to an amputation, which put
an end to his life, the 20th of February, 1589, about the sixtieth
year of his age. There is a fine monument of him in a chapel be-
longing to the church at Warwick.

THOMAS ARUNDELL, first lord Arundell of
Wardour ; small oval, within an engraved frame.--
Upon the miniature^ and round the portrait is 1584.
7%o: Aran: . dell S: R: I: Go'. i?i Corpore sano. En-
graved by R. Cooper^ from a miniature in the possession
of the Right Hon. Lard Arundell. — Private plate.

Sir Thomas Arundell, son and heir of Sir Matthew Arundell, knt
though but a young man, his father then living, went over into
Germany, served as a volunteer in the Imperial army in Hungary,
behaved himself valiantly against the Turks, and in an engagement
at Gran, took their standard with his own hands ; on which account,
Rudolph 11. emperor of Germany, created him count of the sacred
Roman empire by patent, dated Prague, 14 Dec. 1595. 38 Eliz.for
that he had behaved himself manfully in the field, as also, in as-
saulting divers cities and castles, shewing great proof of his valour
&c. so that every of his children, and their descendants forever, of
both sexes, should enjoy that title, have place and vote in all Impe-
rial diets, purchase lands in the dominions of the empire, list any
voluntary soldiers, and not to be put to any trial but in the Imperial
chamber. The year aflter, on his return home, a dispute arose
among the peers, whether that dignity conferred by a foreign po-
tentate, should be allowed here, as to place and precedence, or any
other privilege ; which occasioned a warm dispute, that Camden
mentions in his history of Queen Elizabeth ; and that the queen
being asked her opinion, answered j that there was a. close tie of
affection between the prince and subject, and that as chaste wives
should have no glances but for their own spouses, so should faithful
subjects keep their eyes at home, and not gaze upon foreign
crowns ; that she, for her part, did not care her sheep should wear
a stranger's marks, nor dance after the whistle of every foreigner ;
whereby it passed in the negative, and tlie queen wrote the same

OF ENGLANP. 247

year to the emperor, acquainting himy that she forbid her subjects
giving him place and precedence in England. He was in high fa-
vour i/vith Rodolph II. who made him several great offers, but he
chose to return to his native country. King James I. to coun-
tenance his. merits, in the third year of his reign, created him a
baron of England, under the title of Baron Arundell of Wa^rdour,
by letters patent dated May 4th9 1605, with limitation thereof to the
heirs male of his body. He died at Wardour Castle Nov. 7th, 1639,
aged 79, and lies burled at Tisbury in Wilts.

A SCOTCH PEER.

HAMILTON, Comte d'Arran. Vander Werff pi
P. a Gunst sc. h. sk. From Larreys " History T

James, the third earl of Arran, and second duke of Chatel-
herault, a title conferred upon his father by Francis I. was, in the
earlier part of his life, the most amiable and accomplished gentle-
man of his family. In 1555, he went to the court of France, then
the gayest and most polished in Europe, where he was highly in
favour with Henry H. who made him captain of his Scottish life-
guards. Here he was first dazzled with the charms of Mary ; but
he regarded her with that admiration with which a subject beholds
his sovereign. As his fi|ther had been regent of Scotland,, and waa,
upon failure of issue from that princess, declared by the three
estates of the kingdom heir to the crown, his views were aspiring,
and he was once in hopes of gaining Queen Elizabeth in marriage.*
When Mary returned to her native country, he conceived the
strongest passion for her; a passion in which ambition seems to
have had Fittle or no part ; but being treated with coldness and
neglect, he abandoned himself to solitude, and indulged his me-
lanchdLy, which brought on an almost total deprivation of his rea-
son, and cut short the expectations of his friends and . admirers
Oh. 1609.

^ ' - *

JOHN MAITLAND of Lethington, lord Thirles-
tan, and lord high-chancellor of Scotland. Trotter
sc. In Smith's *^ Iconograpkia ScoticaJ'

*Dod, in his " Church History/' vol. ii. p. 51, sajs, that this earl, the Ear) of
Arandel, and Sir Wiliiam Pickering, "were not ou| of hopes of gaining Queen Eli-
zabeth's affections in a matrimonial way."

3

248 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY

John Maitland, second son of Sir Richard Maitland, born about
1537y after being educated in Scotland, was sent to France to
study the law ; in which he was eminently conspicuous. In 1567,
his father resigned the privy-seal in his favour; but he was de-
prived of that office for his attachment to Queen Mary. His many
excellent qualities brought him into favour with James VI. ; anct
for his great merit, probity, and faithful service, in 1586, hevas
made lord-chancellor of the kingdom of Scotland ; and in 1590) ^
he was created Lord Maitland of Thirlston. — He died 1595, ofi
lingering disorder, from having incurred the king's displeasure in
consequence of espousing the queen's plan to remove Prince Henry
from the government of the Earl of Mar. He was interred in the
church- of Haddington ; King James honouring bim with an epi-
taph. See " Iconographia Scotica ;" " Noble Authors," by Park, Ac.

wf
V

CLASS IV.
THE CLERGY.

ARCHBISHOPS AND BISHOPS.

M ATTHiEUS PARKERUS, archiepiscopus CaBt.
H. Holbein p. * Vertue sc. h. sh.

Matthew Parker, archbishop of Canterbury,
Mt. 70. 1573. JR. Berg (alias Remigius Hogenberg\)
f. A book is open befoi^e him, a bell on the table, arm
at the four corners, 12mo. Vertue thought that the arch-
bishop's head by Hogenberg was the first portrait en-
graved in England. The print corresponds with an ilk-
mination in the original copy of the Statutes of Corpus
Christi College in Cambridge, done by Berg, and exactly
traced off and etched by Mr. Tyson, and with a paint-
ing lately in the possession of James West, esq^ but it
now the property of his Grace the Archbiskop^of Canter-

* Painted before he was archbishop.

t This engraver and Richard Lyne were retained In the arcbil)bhop's famii^'
The latter both painted and engraved.

y
\

i

OP BNOLAND. 249

^n^. It is eMremety ptofmble thai this portrait was
flone fpy Lyne,who was an artist of great merit.

Math^us Parkerus; in the ^' Heroologia ;' %vo.
A copy in Boissard.

Matthjeus Parkerus, &c. Decanus Lincoln, sub
Edi^drdo FT. consec. archiep. Cant. Dec. 17, 1559. Ob.
Mmn, 1679. R. White sc. h. sh.

Parker, archeveque de Cantorberi. Vander
^rffp. P. a Gunst sc. h. sh.

Matth^eus Parkerus, &c. 1572, ^t. 69. Verttte
sc. h. sh.

Matthjeus Parkerus, &c. Vertuesc. 1729, Fron-
tispiece to his book " De Antiquitate Britannica Ec^
clesicB,''' 8^c. published by Dr. Drake j 1729 ; fol.

Matthew Parker ; in an ovaly Ato. (G. Fertue.)

Matthew Parker, &c. C. Picart, 1815, from
the original in the collection of his Grace the Archbishop
of Canterbury^ in Mr. Lodge's " Illustrious Portraits.^'

Matthew Parker, the second Protestant archbishop of Canter- Consec
bui^, was a stric^t disciplihdrian, and exacted an entire conformity 17' Dec.
to the national religi6n. He made a large collection of manuscripts
and printed books, many of which belonged! to abbeys, colleges^
and cathedral churches, before the reformation. They relate
cMefly to the *' History of England," and were given by hhn to the
library of Corpus Christi College, in Cambridge. He loved and
patronised the arts ; and employed a painter and two engravers in
lii0':^hkc€i at Lambetii. B^sfdes the ab6Ve-rtiehtioned book, he pub-
lished the " Bishops' Biblcj*'* and several of the best of the old
English historians ; namely, Matthew of Westminster, Matthew
Paris, Asser, and Walsingham. He translated the Psalms into
Englitth tetse. It should also be remembered to his honour, that

^ Several prelates were concerned in this translation. Mr. Selden, a very able
judge, in his " Table Talk/ pronoances the English Bible, ihclading this and King
James's translation, the best in the world, and the ne&rest to tli^ seh^e of the
original.

VOL. I. 2 k

242 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY

A

and for some unguarded expressions which he let fall against the
queen,* he was attainted, and died in the Tower in a few months
after his trial, in Sept. 1592. Dr. Swift says, in the preface to
his <* Polite Conversation," that he was the first that swore by
G— s W— s.

ROBERT DEVEREUX, earl of Essex, was ap-
pointed lord-deputy of Ireland, and commander of
tiie forces in that kingdom, 1598-9.

His having this command was entirely correspondent to the
wishes of his vigilant and artful enemies, who soon contrived to
put him upon the forlorn hope. See the first division of this class.

GUALTERUS DEVEREUX, comes Essexise;
in the '^ Heroologia ;" 8vo.

Walter Devereux, earl of Essex; in Park's
** Royal and Noble Authors.^' Geramia sc.

Walter Devereux, earl of Essex. H. Meyer sc.
From the original in the collection of the Right Hon.
Lord Bagot.

Cr.earl, Walter Devereux, earl of Essex, and earl-marshal of Ireland,
was father of Elizabeth's favourite. He distinguished himself by
suppressing a rebellion in the North, which was raised and sup-
ported by the Earls of Cumberland and Westmoreland. He was
afterward sent to chastise the Irish rebels ; but was unsuccessful
in this expedition, as he was crossed in his designs by the Eavl of
Leicester and the lord-deputy Fitzwilliams. He died of a dysen-
tery at Dublin, the 22d of September, 1576, not without a violent
suspicion of poison, given him by the procurement of the Earl of
Leicester, who was soon after married to his widow. f — ^**The Re-
porte of his death" is inserted by Hearne, in his preface to ** Cam-
deni Elizabetha," sect. 26, from which copy there are several con-
siderable variations noted in ** Hemingi Chartular. Eccles. Wigorn."
published by Hearne, p. 707.

♦The queen, having sharply reprimanded him, afterward sent him a soothing
letter ; which occasioned his saying, " No^ she is ready to bepiss herself for fttt
of the Spaniard, I am again one of her. white-boys."

t Lettice, daughter of Sir Francis Kuolles.

157«.

a^lefr.

i JlSOItEt whu-i AtiwA/*. f><rl iTAJ.'PA. /t^j /bur/A

r OP ENGLAND. 253

This learned pselate, who baJd the felicity, and I may add the Consec.
^vjy of being preceptor to the Lady Jane Grey,* was one of the ^57^"'
exiles for veligion in the reign of Mary. During his residence in
Switzerland, he assisted John Fox in translating his Mart^rology
into Latin, and wrote a spirited answer to Knox's " First Bla^ of the
Trumpet, against the monstrous Regiment and Empire of Women:"
a pamphlet, not only remarkable for its insolence in re&ipect of tb^
subject,t but also for the acrimony of style which distinguishes ithe
works of that turbulent reformer. The zeal and assiduity of this
bishop, in maintaining the doctrine and discipline of the church of
England,. reeommended him to the particular favour of Queen Eli-
zabeth. It was usual with him, when he saw occasion, to rouse the
attention of hb audience to his sermons, to take a Hebrew ]^ible
out of his pockiet, and read them a few verses, and then to resume
his discourse. Strype tells us in his '^ Life," among other instances
^liis resolution, that he had a tooth drawn, to encourage the queen
to submit to the like operation.} Ob, 3 June, 1594. See Ascham's ^
Schoolmaster, p. 11.

RICHARD COX, bishop of Ely ; from an orir
ginal picture in Trinity Hall, Cambridge. Clamp sc. 4to.

This learned divine was born at Whaddon, in Buckinghamshire,
of obscure parents, in the year 1499. After receiving the rudiments
of his education in the small priory of Snelshall in the parish of
Whaddon ; he was sent to Eton school, and thence elected into a
scholarship at King's College in Cambridge, in 1518, of which he
became fellow in 1519, and having become eminent for piety and
learning, was invited to Oxford by Carclinal Wolsey, as one of the
scholars to fill up his new foundation. But by his aversion to many
of the popish superstitions, and open preference for some of Lu-
ther's opinions, he drew on himself the displeasure of the governors
cf th^university, who. deprived him of his preferment, and impri-
soned him on suspicion of heresy. On his releasement be left Ox-
ford, and was some time after chosen master of Etoh school, which

* Whom he taught so gently, so pleasantly, and with ^ch fair alloreip^s to
learning, that she thought all the time nothing while she was with him ', and when
sl^ -was called from him, she would fall a weeping because that whatsoever she did
also but learning, was to her full of trouble, grief, and altogether roislikuig to her.
AMcham's Schoolmaster, p. 13.

t Written agMast the <}aeenB of England and Scotland.

t Altbougli the Bbhop lost hia tpotb, iba qoeeii kept her*--— Lo;»d Haxlxs.

^UM BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY

- ' flboiiilied exceedingly through

k commenced doctcnr in divinity at Cambridge ; in 1640 vean^
archdeacon of Ely; and. in 1541 waa appointed the first pcttMB^
darj in the first stall of Uie same cathedral, upon Ae new fiiandiBg
of it by King Heniy VIII.

Soon after Queen Mar/s accession to the crown, Dr« Cos mi
stripped of his preferments ; and in 1553 conimittad to die Maiii
.sbalseay but soon being released froni confinement, and f o i ' e« a is g
the persecution likely to ensue, he resolved to <juit the tedn, and
retire to some place where he might enjoy the free nercise of 1m
rdigiony according to the form established in the leign of Ebi^
Edward*

After the death of Queen Mary he returned, to Bngbnd, and ml

<me of those divines who were i^pointed to revise tlie litaigjK

•July 15/1559, he was elected bishop of Ely, and enjoyed the tfidr

copal dignity about, twenty-one years and' seven moiidis» ifag

' July 22, 1581, in the 82d year of his age.

JOANNES JUELLUS, episc. in the " Berooih
giar %vo.

Joannes Juellus; in the ** Continuation of
sard/' 4to.

John Juell; 24to.

John Jevell (Jewell), bishop of Salisbury, S^^
12mo.

Johannes Jewell, 8cc. frontispiece to his ^* Ap(h
^gy" together with his " Zi/e, made English by a Per-
son of Quality/' 1685 j %vo.

Johannes Jewellius; J^. 40. Vertue sc. h.

J. Jewel, &c,. with several other small heads
Vertue. Before the " Abridgment of Burners ITu
of the Reformation/' \2mo.

John Jewel ; in the ** Oxford Almanack^
1758.

Consec. This excellent prelate was one of the greatest champions of thi|
1559-60. reformed religion ; as he was to the church of England what Bdltf*

OP ENGLAND. 265

lame was to that of Rome. His admirable ^^ Apology'' for the
natioDid church was translated from the Latin, by Anne, the second
of the four learned daughters of Sir Anthony Coke, and mother of
Sir Francis Bacon. It was published, as it came from her pen,
in 1564, with the approbation of the queen and the prelates. The
jame '^ Apology" was printed in Greek at Constantinople, under
the direction of Cyril the patriarch, who was murdered by the
Jesuits.*

. Bishop JeweKs " Defence of his own Apology against Harding,
and other Popish Divines," was in so great esteem, that it was
commanded by Elizabeth, James I. and Charles I. and four suc-
cessive archbishops, to be kept chained in all parish churches, for
public use. He had the most extraordinary memory of any man
of his age ; being Me to repeat a sermon of his own composing,
after once reading.

JOHN STILL, bishop of Bath and Wells ; Ob.
Feb. 26, 1607, JEt. 64. Drawn by S. Harding; en-
graved by J. Jones ; private plate ; rare. From an ori-
ginal painting (dated 1607), in the library of Trinity
College, Cambridge^ Sgc. Sgc.

The plate was engraved at the expense of the late
George Steevens ; who, after taking off twenty impres-
sions^ which he presented to his friends^ destroyed the
plate.

It has been lately copied.

He was son of Wm. Still, of Grantham, in Lincolnshire ; and be-
came a member of Christ College, Cambridge, where he took the
degree of M. A. He was afterward rector of Hadleigh and arch-
deacon of Sudbury, and successively master of St. John's and Tri-
nity Colleges in Cambridge, and yice-chancellor, prebendary of
Westminster; and in 1592 bishop of Bath and Wells ; to which he
was appointed after the see had remained vacant two years, upon
the death of Bishop Godwin. Here he continued till his death.
It is not known that he left behind him any writings in the line of
his profession ; but if the following circumstances are judged suf-^

* Ricaut^t " Tarkish Hist." p. 1491.

Its BIOORAPHIQXL BnTO&r

fliSeat'to eatkUuh hini Uw aatlm^ of Qammer Gtitbi
fint regnl&r Engltih cotatdj, hir cfium to a ccmsiderabl^
dramatic reputadoa cannot be rofuied kim. The title m fte Ut
impression of that play nms thus : " A Ryght Pithy Pleasarit>4
nerie Comedie, Intytnled Gammer Gurton'a Nedle -, Played ■
Stage, not longe Kgo in Chritte's CoUedge in Cambridge ; mii
bj Mr- S. M' of Art Imprynted at London in Fleete Slra|
beneath the Conduit, at the aigne of S. John Evangelist, by lUt
aaaColweU. (Date at the end of the boolc) 1575. Black ldB^
qnttrto." In the Burger's Books of Christ's College, reign of A
tabeth 1566, is this entry: " ftem, tor the cstpenters sHbBe>4|
tbe ictiSbld at the place sx'.'' As at tliat time there was ne'dte
Aaster of arts At Christ's College, whose name began with U^
sUd it is not probable that any other person than one belonj
the house where the play was acted, would be empioyed ia
it, there is little reason to hesitate in ascribing this pli
Still as its author.

HERBERT WESTPHALING, W. ^ch*
From an original' picture, Am. Dni. 1601 ;
sua: 67.

Herbert Westphaling, so called from his grandfatlier being i
native of Westptialing, at the ag^ of 15 was entered a studentof
Christ Church, and took the degrees of master of arts; was is-
stalled canon of the said church ; in 1577 was canon of Windsof!
and in 1585 was consecrated bishop of Hereford, and was esteemed
a person of great gravity, integrity, and most worthy of his ftiiifr
tion. Me died 1601-2, and was buried in the cathednll church d
Hereford. — See Wood's Athense Oioniensis.

WILLIAM BLETHEIN, LL. B. bishop .<if
daff; in the " Oxford Almanack" 1750.

William Blethein, or Bleythyn, anative of Wales, was edocAedn
New Inn, or Broadgate Hall ;• where, applying himself to the stndj
of civil law, he took one degree in 1562 ; and afterward in I57I
became archdeacon of Brecknock and prebendary ofOsbaldswjfa
in the church of York, In 1575 he was consecrated bishop rf
LandaiF. Ob. 1590, and was buried at Mathem, in Monmcmti-
shire.

" Now Pembroke College.

1

OF ENGLAND- 247

^ to the emperor, acquainting him> that she forbid her subjects
^iQg him place and precedence in England. He was in high fa-
■aur with Rodolph II. who made him several great offers, but he
'Cse to return to his native country. King James I. to ceun-
tiance his. merits, in the third year of his reign, created him a
kvoQ of England, under the title of Baron Arundell of Wa^rdour,
^ letters patent dated May 4thy 1605, with limitation thereof to the
sirs male of his body. He died at War dour Castle Nov. 7th, 1639,
^d 79, and lies buried at I'isbury in Wilts*

A SCOTCH PEER.

HAMILTON, Comte d^Arran. Vender Werff pi
*. a Gunst sc. h. sk. From Larreys " History T

James, the third earl of Arran, and second duke of Chatel-
irault, a title conferred upon his father by Francis I. was, in the
ulier part of his life, the most amiable and accomplished gentle-
an of his family. In 1555, he went to the court of France, then
le gayest and most polished in Europe, where he was highly in
ivour with Henry H. who made him captain of his Scottish lifc-
uards. Here he was first dazzled with the charms of Mary; but
e regarded her with that admiration with whidi a subject beholds
is sovereign. As his fi|ther had been regent of Scotland, and was,
pon failure of issue from that princess, declared by the three
states of the kingdom heir to the crown, his views were aspiring,
ad he was once in hopes of gaining Queen Elizabeth in marriage.*
\rhen Mary returned to her native country, he conceived the
trongest passion for her ; a passion in which ambition seems to
ave had little or no part ; but being treated with coldness and
eglect, he abandoned himself to solitude, and indulged his me-
inchdly, which brought on an almost total deprivation of his rea-
)n, and cut short the expectations of his friends and .admirers
>A. 1609.

JOHN MAITLAND of Lethington, lord Thirles-
an/ and lord high-chancellor of Scotland. Trotter
*:. In Smith's ^^ IconographiaSc&tica''

* Dod, in his " Church History," vol. ii. p. SI, sajs, that this eatl, the Earf of
rundel, and Sir William Pickering, "were not out of hopes of gaining Queen Eli-
tbeth's affections in a matrimonial way/'

In

■ I

i

\

•I

OF ENGLAND. 247

fcar to the emperor, acquainting him, that she forbid her subjects
^ving him place and precedence in England. He was in high fa-
vour ^lih Rodolph II. who made him several great offers, but he
chose to return to his native country. King James I. to coun-
tenance his. merits, in the third year of his reign, created him a
baron of England, under the title of Baron Arundell of Wa^rdour,
by letters patent dated May 4thy 1605, with limitation thereof to the
heirs male of his body. He died at Wardour Castle Nov. 7th, 1639,
aged 79, and lies buried at llsbury in Wilts*

A SCOTCH PEER.

HAMILTON, Comte d^Arran. Vender Werff p.
P. a Gunst sc. k. sh. From Larreys ** History.'''

James, the third earl of Arran, and second duke of Chatel-
herault, a title conferred upon his father by Francis I. was, in the
es^rlier part of his life, the most amiable and accomplished gentle-
man of his family. In 1555, he went to the court of France, then
the gayest and most polished in Europe, where he was highly in
favour with Henry H. who made him captain of his Scottish life-
guards. Here he was first dazzled with the charms of Mary; but
he regarded her with that admiration with whidi a subject beholds
his sovereign. As his fi|ther had been regent of Scotland, and was,
upon failure of issue from that princess, declared by the three
estates of the kingdom heir to the crown, his Views were aspiring,
and he was once in hopes of gaining Queen Elizabeth in marriage.*
When Mary returned to her native country, he conceived the
strongest passion for her; a passion in which ambition seems to
have had little or no part ; but being treated with coldness and
neglect, he abandoned himself to solitude, and indulged his me-
lancholy, which brought on an almost total deprivation of his rea-
son, and cut short the expectations of his friends and .admirers
Ob. 1609.

JOHN MAITLAND of Lethington, lord Thirles-
tao, and lord high-chancellor of Scotland. Trotter
sc. In Smith's ^^ Iconographia Skotica J'

* Dod, in his " Cbarch History/' vol. ii. p. SI, sajs, that this earl, the £ar( of
Arandel, and Sir William Piclcering, "were not out of hopes of gaining Queen Eli-
zabeth's affections hi a matrimonial way/'

242 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY

A

and for some unguarded expressions which he let fall against the
queen,* he was attainted, and died in the Tower in a few months
after his trial, in Sept. 1592. Dr. Swift says, in the preface to
his <* Polite Conversation," that he was the first that swore by
G— s W— s.

ROBERT DEVEREUX, earl of Essex, was ap-
pointed lord-deputy of Ireland, and commander of
tiie forces in that kingdom, 1598-9.

His haying this command was entirely correspoodent to the
wishes of his vigilant and artful enemies, who soon contrived to
put him upon the forlorn hope. See the first division of this class.

GUALTERUS DEVEREUX, comes Essexise;
in the *' Heroologia ;" 8vo.

Walter Devereux, earl of Essex; f;; Park's
** Royal and Noble Authors.''' Geramia sc.

Walter Devereux, earl of Essex. H. Meyer sc.
From the original in the collection of the Right Hon,
Lord Bagot.

Cr.earl, Walter Devereux, earl of Essex, and earl-marshal of Ireland,
was father of Elizabeth's favourite. He distinguished himself by
suppressing a rebellion in the North, which was raised and sup*
ported by the Earls of Cumberland and Westmoreland. He was
afterward sent to chastise the Irish rebels ; but was unsuccessful
in this expedition, as he was crossed in his designs by the Earl of
Leicester and the lord-deputy Fitzwilliams. He died of a dysen-
tery at Dublin, the 22d of September, 1 576, not without a violent
suspicion of poison, given him by the procurement of the Earl of
Leicester, who was soon after married to his widow. f — ^**The Re-
porte of his death" is inserted by Hearne, in his preface to " Cam-
deni Elizabetha," sect. 26, from which copy there are several con-
siderable variations noted in ** Hemingi Chartular. Eccles. Wigorn."
published by Hearne, p. 707.

♦The queen, having sharply reprimanded him, afterward sent him a soothing
letter ; which occasioned his sajing, " Now she is ready to bepiss herself for ft«f
of the Spaniard, I am again one of her. white-boys.''

t Lettice, daughter of Sir Francis Kuolles.

157«.

2fi0 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY

Latin oration, spoken at his funeral in St. Mary*8 chwrch, 25 May,
1607; or the translation of it, in Fuller's ** Abel Rediyivus."

GULIELMUS WHITAKERUS ; in the ''Heroo-
logia ;" %vo.

GuLiELMus Whitakerus ; in the Continuation of
Boissard; 4to.

W1LI4IAM Whitacres (Whitaker). Marshall sc.
small. In Fuller's '' Holy Stated

Will. Whitaker; 2Ato.

The right learned divine Wm. W bit AH.'ERy of Trinity
College, in Cambridge, and master of St. John^s Collie
there. He wrote many learned books against these
English priestSy Stapleton, Sanders, Reignolds,* and
Campian ; as also against that great arch-Jesuit Robert
Bellarmine. He lived godly, was painful in precxhing,
and died peaceably, 1595. Sold by Stent; 4to.

JTiere is a portrait of him at St. John's College, in
Cambridge, much like the print in the ** Heroologia.^'

William Whitaker. John Payne sc. Sold by
Compton Holland.

Dr. Whitaker was presented by the queen to the chancellorship
of St. Paul's, London, the 1st of Oct. 1580. He resigned this pre-
ferment in 1587. It was a maxim with him, that refreshing the
memory was a matter of great importance in every kind of learning,
but especially in the most useful parts of it. He therefore read
over his grammar and logic once every year. Bellarmine, his an-
tagonist, said he was the most learned heretic that ever he read.
Oh. 1595, Mt. 43.

THOMAS BECONUS, &c. M. 49, 1560; on the
back of the title to his works, printed by John Day,
1564 ; fol

I dm informed that there is a small head of him on

• Sic Orig.

OF ENGLAND. 261

the back of his ^' Reliques of Rome^'' in l2mo. and
that it represents him in the A\st year of his age, and
i^ dated 1553.

Thomas Beconus ; in the " HeroologiaT Sw.

Thomas Beacon was professor of divinity at Oxford,* in the reign
of Edward VI. In the next reign, he retired into Germany, whence
he wrote a consolatory epistle to the persecuted Protestants in Eng-
land. His works, which are all in English, except his book ** De
Coena Domini," are in three vols., fol. He is said to have been the
Brst Englishman that wrote against bowing at the name of Jesus. f
Re had no higher preferment in the church than a prebend of Can-
kerbuiy, to which he was promoted in this reign.

HUGH PRICE. Vertue sc\ h. sh.

Hugh Price; in the *^ Oxford Almanack,'' 1740,
kneeling to Queen Elizabeth.

Hugh Price, or ap Rice, prebendary of Rochester, and treasurer
of St. David's, left 160/. a year to Jesus College, in Oxford; for
which donation he is sometimes styled the founder. Ob. 1574.

DAVID WHITEHET (Whithead, or White-
head) ; in the " Heroologia ;' 8vo.

David Whitehead ; in Fuller's " Holy State.''
Marshall.

David Whitehead ; in Freherus.

David Whitehead, styled by Mr. Wood " a most heavenly pro-
fessor of divinity,*' was some time chaplain to Anne Bolen. In the
reign of Mary, he went into voluntary exile in Germany, and upon
the accession of Elizabeth returned to England. He had a hand

* So says the author of the ** Heroologia ;" bat Bishop Tanner says that be was
.educated at Cambridge.

t It is probable that he was not the author of a Treatise against bowing at the
name of Jesus; as it is not specified in the list of his works by Holland, nor by
Bbbop Tanner. Wood mentions a person of both his names, as the author of such
a Treatise. See Athen. Oson. i. col. 409. He was doubtless a prebendary of
Canterbury ; but is by BatteJy, and Lc Neve after him, called Thomas Bacon*

Si

i

244 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY

great damage to the Spaniards, and eminent service to the state;
but greatly impaired his own fortune. Ob. 30 Oct. 1605-, MAI*

FRANCIS RUSSEL, the second earl of Bedford;
Ob. 1585. J. Houbraken sc. 1740. In the colkctm
of the Duke of Bedford. lUust. Head.

Francis Russell, earl of Bedford. H. Holbemp.
F. Bartolozzi sc. 1796, In the Royal Collection.

Francis Russell, earl of Bedford \from the same,
R. Dalton sc.

Francis, eldest son of John, lord Russel, afterward earl of Bed-
Cr. 1 548. ford, was made u knight of the Bath at the coronation of Edward VL
Upon the demise of diat prince he was at the head of those spirited
partisans of Mary who took arms against the faction of the Lady
Jane Grey. He attended Philip, consort to the queen, in his expe-
dition to France, where he shared the glory of the memorable Yich
tory of St. Quintin. He succeeded his father in honour and estate
and was sent ambassador to France and Scotland by Queen Eliza-
beth ; who did justice to his merit, by conferring upon him several
offices of trust and dignity.f He founded a school at Wobum, in
Bedfordshire, and two scholarships in University College, Oxford.
He was so bountiful to the poor, that Queen Elizabeth would mer-
rily complain of him, " that he made all the beggars ;" " and sure,"
saith my author, " it is more honourable for a nobleman to make |
beggars by their liberality, than by their oppression :" and, what
was more to his honour, he was, in the opinion of all that knew
him, a firm friend to religion and virtue. Ob. 1585, ^t. 58.

HENRICUS HERBERTUS, comes Pern. In the
" Heroologiaf 8w.

Cr. 1551. Henry Herbert, earl of Pembroke, and knight of the Garter,
was much in favour with Elizabeth, and a great friend and patron,
of religion and learning. He married Mary, the accomplished and
amiable sister of the celebrated Sir Philip Sidney, who survived
him many years. Ob. Jan. 19, 1600-1.

* See a curious account of the burial-place of the Cliffords, in Skipton churdif
in Whitaker's History of the Deanery in Com. York, p. 313. y and Banks's Extinct
Baronetage, vol. ii. p. 97.

t Sec CoUins's «' Peerage."

OJ ENGLAND. 246

IILIP HOWARD, earl of Arundel, with his
raph. J. Thane ea\

ip, eldest son of the unfortunate Thomas, duke of Norfolk,
led Earl of Arundel by descent from his mother, and wa3> at
It times, imprisoned for his attachment to Mary, queen of
and corresponding with Cardinal Allen and Parsons the
Alarmed by those repeated attacks upon his liberty, h6
d to retire abroad, and was preparing to avoid the severity
aws, when, by treachery, he was apprehended in a retired
1 the coast of Sussex. After a year's confinement he was
;ed to pay a fine of £10,000 and to be imprisoned during
sen's pleasure. In 1589 he was arraigned of high-treason ;
ling required to hold up his hand, he raised it very high ;
*' Here is as true a man's heart and hand as ever came into this
He was found guilty and condemned to die; as, however,
1 had been convicted merely on a religious account, the
iid not allow the sentence to be put in execution, but suf-
lim to languish in the Tower, where he died, 1595, in the
iar of his age, A memorial of his piety, carved by his own
n the stone wall of his secluded apartment, is still to be
See Lodge's " Illustration,*' vol. ii. p. 329. See Pennant's
on," p. 258. edition 1805.

[BROSIUS DUDLEIUS, comes Warwici;
** HeroologiaT Sw. His portrait is at Wobiirn

rose Dudley, earl of Warwick, was son of John, the great Cr. 1562.
* Northumberland. Mary had scarcely ascended the throne,
3, together with his father, and under his direction, appeared
I, as a partisan for Lady Jane Grey. He was, for this act
lion, attainted and condemned to die. At the accession of
th, he was regarded as one of the ornaments and favourites
lourt ; and, in the fourth year of her reign, was created earl
wick. He was a man of great courage, tempered with
nidence. At the battle of St. Quintin, he signalized himself 1557.
sujtive bravery, and displayed, at the siege of New Haven,*
h he was governor, such passive fortitude as none are ca-
r but great minds. He was long shut up in this place by

* Since universally called Havre de Grace.

to
b

1

[kt

246 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY

a numeroas aimy ; bat held H, with hiTiiicible finnn^, doling the
complicated miseries of war, famine, and pestOence, till he ftcdvei
an express command from Elizabeth to surrender it. In defence
of this fortress, he received a wound in his leg, of which be kng
languished. At length he submitted to an amputation, which pot
an end to his life, the 20th of February, 1589, about the sixtkA
year of his age. There is a fine monument of him in a chapel be-
longing to the church at Warwick.

THOMAS ARUNDELL, first lord Arundell of
Wardour ; small oval^ within an engraved frame,-
Upon the miniature^ and round the portrait is 1 584.
TTio: Aran: dell S: R : I: G(f. in Corpore sano. £«• I
graved by R. Cooper, from a miniature in the possession y *
of the Right Hon. Lord Arundell. — Private plate. r'

lea

Sir Thomas Arundell, son and heir of Sir Matthew Arundell, knt 1.^

though but a young man, his father then living, went over into |^
Germany, served as a volunteer in the Imperial army in Hungary,
behaved himself valiantly s^ainst the Turks, and in an engagement
at Gran, took their standard with his own hands ; on which accoont,
Rudolph II. emperor of Germany, created him count of the sacred
Roman empire by patent, dated Prague, 14 Dec. 1595. 38 Eliz.for
that he had behaved himself manfully in the field, as also, in as-
saulting divers cities and castles, shewing great proof of his valour
&c. so that every of his children, and their descendants for ever, of
both sexes, should enjoy that title, have place and vote in all Impe-
rial diets, purchase lands in the dominions of tlie empire, list any
voluntary soldiers, and not to be put to any trial but in the Imperial
chamber. The year after, on his return home, a dispute arose
among the peers, whether that dignity conferred by a foreign po-
tentate, should be allowed here, as to place and precedence, or any
other privilege ; which occasioned a warm dispute, that Camden
mentions in his history of Queen Elizabeth ; and that the queen
being asked her opinion, answered, that there was a close tie of
affection between the prince and subject, and that as chaste wives
should have no glances but for their own spouses, so should faithful
subjects keep their eyes at home, and not gaze upon foreign
crowns ; that she, for her part, did not care her sheep should wear
a stranger's marks, nor dance after the whistle of every foreigner;
whereby it passed in the negative, and the queen wrote the same

OF EN0LA17D: 365:

criM the silyfir-toiigiied pifeacher; as dioagh he were seeond to
DtarfBCtttouiy to whom the epithet cfgokkH h s^topriated. Ob. dr.
IdOOi

, CUUELMtrS PMKINSIUS ? in the '^ Heroo^

GuLi£LMt/s PiRKiNsius; ifi the CdTttiAuaiion of
Boissard; a copy from the above.*

GuLiELisrus P^RKiNsius, Aiig, nervosiss. et clar.
ihtot Sim. Pass sc. a good head : the ornaments were
Invented by Crisp. Pass, junior. Title to the Dutch
edition of his works j 1615 ; foL

William Perkins, &c. Marshal sc. small; in
Filler's '' Holy State.''

William Perkins; 24to.

Willi Aiic Perkins; sia: verses; Ato. G. Glover;
scarce.

William Perkins. R. Elstracke sculp. Sold by
Ccmpton Holland.

William Perkins, with emblematical figures; by
T. Matham.

" William Perkins, Christ's College, in Cain-
bridge, born at Mars tone, in Warwickshire, a learned
divine. He' wrote many learned works, dispersed
through Great Britain, France^ Germany, the Low
Countries, and Spain; many translated into the
French, German, and Italian tongues : a man indus-
tHous arid painful, who, though he were lame of his
right hand, wrote all with his left. He died at Cam-'
bridge, 1602." Sold by Stent; Ato.

* The heads in Boissard's ** Bibliotbeca Cbalcographica*' and the Continttatien
are copies; but |he engritven have generally done justice to the likenesses of the
pfrsons.

VOL. I. 2 M

260 BIOQRAPHIOAL Uli^TORY

f.

An unoominoii quiclmeM of sight and apprehensioiiy oontriboted
to give Yam the ezceUent knack he was maater of, in quickly nm-
niog through a folio, and entirely entering into the author^s subject^
while he appeared to be only skimming the aurfoce. He was de-
prfred by Ardibishop lyhitgift for Puritanism. This, and the two
fdlowing divines, were snch as were sometimes called co/rfmrmu^
mmeorfarmiits, as they were against separation firom the national
church.

RICHARD US ROGERSIUS, theologus Canta-
brigiensis ; two Latin verses ; in the Continuation of
Boissard; 4to.

Richard Rogers, ** Preacher of God's Word at
Wethersfield in Essex J*

Richard Rogers, a learned divine of Puritan prfaiciple8y.fiouri8hed
at Cambridge at the same time with Perkins, and waa about the
same time deprived by Archbishop Whitgift.* He waa much ad-
mired as a preacher. Bishop Humphreys, in hia MS. additions to
the '^AthenflB Oxonien8es,'^t mentions an archdeacon of St. Asaph
of both his namea. Quaere, if the same person?

Mr. BRIGHTMAN, Mat. sua^ 45 ; frontispiece
to his " Revelation of the Revelations.'*

Thomas Brightman, rector of Hawnes, in Bedfordshire, was edu-
cated at Queen*s College, in Cambridge. He wrote commentaries
in Latin pn the ^* Canticles," and the '' Apocalypse ;** the latter of
which, for a long time, made a great noise in the world. He, ia
that book, makea Archbishop Cranmer the angel having power over
the fire, and the Lord-treasurer Cecil the angel of the waters, justi-
fying the pouring out the third vial. The church of England is the
lukewarm church of Laodicea ; ** the angel that Giod loved," is the

* His Commentavj ea Judges was poUished in 1615* Mid dedicated ta Sir Ed-
ward Coke, lord chief-justice, and bis seven Treatises were printed in 1616, dedi*
cated to King James. In neither of these dedications, nor in his prefisces, does he
make complaint; but professes aU due honour both to his majesty and to the
^ord chief-justice.^

f Vide T. Caii Vindiciss Antiquitatis Acad. Onm. p. 650.

t If therefore^ dofitftaee any giaund to suppose that he bad been deprived.-
Loan Hailbs*

^

^

1

ll'Jl'l Ceonre H:irt^ilL [||

■

i/rsAW Ji-/! j;^^. if WH ichardton York Hnttsr Jtrand Lon

OP ENGLAND. 267

UDtiepiscopal church of Geneva, and that of Scotland ; and the
power of prelacy is Antichrist. In the reign of Charles I. when
the bishops w«re expelled the house of peers, and several of them
imprisoned, Brightman was cried up for ati inspired writer ; and an
abridgment of his book entitled, '^ The Revelation of the Revela-
tions," was printed.* He is said to have prayed for sudden death,
and to have died travelling in a coach, with a book in his hand,
1607.

JAMES ACONTIUS, a reverend divine; in a square^
small quarto ; scarce.

James Acontius, a philosopher, civilian, and divine, bom at
Trent in the 16th century; embraced the reformed religion, and
came to England 1565, where he was much honoured by Queen
Elizabeth, which he acknowledges in the dedication to his celebrated
work, Stratagemata Satance. He died about 1570.

•

GEORGE HARTGILL ; a small whole kfigth, mi
in wood ; underneath^ " Christianus Philosophus." It
is in the title to his general " Calendars^ or Astronomical
Tables/' Sgc, 1 594, foL — In 1656, an improved edition
of his book was published by Timothy and John
Gadbury. In the titk-plate is his portrait^ byGaywood.

George Hartgill, <;haplaia to the Marquis of Winchester, was a
painful preacher, a reverend divine, and a most' excellent mathema-
tician, as appears by his ^ Astronomical Tables ;" which, according
to the judgment of the best astronomers, could not have cost him
less than se^en years' labour.^ considering the perfection of the woric.

NONCONFORMING DIVINES.

Mr. THOMAS CARTWRIGHT; long beard,
furred gqwn; 4to.; in " Clarke's Lives/' 4to.

Thomas Cartwright was some time Margaret professor of divinity Chosen
at Cambridge, and a very celebrated preacher. When he preached

* This occasioned the mistake in the " Magna Britannia/' vol. iv. p. 17, of his
flourishing during the time of the Rump Parliament. See Walton's " Life of Bishop
Sanderson,"

268 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY

in St. Mary*8 church there, the concourse of people to hear him
was so great, that the sextoa was obliged to take down the wta-
dows. He was expelled the university for Puritanism, ^y Dr. WUt-
gift, the yice-K^hapcellor, with whom he maintained a long contio-
versy about ohurch-discipline. This controversy is in print. He
was at the head of those rigid Calvipists, who openly oppos^ the
Uturgy and episcopal juri|(diction» and were advocates for the pha
of religion established at Geneva. Ob. 1603.

, JOHANNES FOXUS; inth^ '' H^roohgm T ^vo*
Johannes Foxtrs Lancastriensis^f &c. in the Con-
tinuation of Boissard ; 4to.

Joannes Foxus. Martin D. (Droeshout) sc. Svo. ]
sold by Roger Daniel.

John Fox. Glover sc, 4 to. A good head.

John Fox. Start sc. Frontispiece to the last edition
of his " Book of Martyrs.**

~ Johannes Foxus. J, de Leu.

The book was republished when the nation was under great ap-
prehensions of popery, 1684. This edition is printed in a Rom^
letter, with copper cuts, in three vols, folio.

The great work of the " Acts and Monuments of the Church,"
by John Fox, may be regarded as a vast Gothic building : in which
some things are superfluous, some irregular, and others manifestly
wrong : but which, altogether, infuse a kind of religious reverence;
and we stand amazed at the labour, if not at the skill, of the archie
tect. This book was, by order of Queen Elizabeth, placed in the
common halls of archbishops, bishops, deans, archdeacons, and
heads of colleges ; and was long looked upon with a veneration
next to the Scriptures themselves. The same has been said of

* This is the first engrav^'d English portrait that I remeniber to have seen with t^
hat. There is, however, reason to believe, that the hat was worn before the reign
of Elizabeth. The following note is taken from the late professor Ward's papers:
" Dr. Kich. Rawlinson is possessed of a MS. of the works of Ch^acer, thought to
be written in the time of King Henry VII. with the capital letters finely illumi-
nated : and in that which begins his * Moral Tale/ there^ is painted % mail with s
high-crowned hat, and broad brim."

t |t should be Lincolniensis. He was born at Boston,

OF ENGLAND. 269

J?ox, which was afterward said of Burnet ; that several persons fur-
nished him with accounts of pretended facts, with a view of ruining
the credit of his whole performance. But the author does not stand
IB need of this apology; as it was impossible, in human nature, to
Rvoid many errors in so voluminous a work, a great part of which
consists of anecdotes. Ob. 18 Ap. 1587, ^t. 70.

A SCOTCH DIVINE.

JEAN CNOX, (Knox) de Gifford* Enescosse; a
wooden print ; 4to^

Johannes Cnoxus theologus Scotus, &c. in the
Continiuition of Boissard ; 4to.

Jean Cnox, &c. Desrochers; small Ato.

John Knox, " The Scottish Rtfcyrmtr^ ^vo. J.
Kay sc.

John Knox, with ttvo Latin lines.

Joannes Cnoxas Scotus ; four Latin lines. H.
(ondius) fecit ; in Verheiden.

John Knox was a rigid Calvinist, and the most violent of the
reformers. His intrepid zeal, and popular eloquence, qualified him
for the great work of reformation in Scotland, which perhaps no
man of that age was equal to but himself. He affected the dignity
of the apostolic character, but departed widely from the meekness
of it. He even dared to call the Queei^ of Scots Jezebel to her
lace, and to denounce vengeance against her from the pulpit. The
address sent by tlie Scottish rebels to the established church was
supposed to be penned by him. This title, which is diaracteristical
of the man, was affixed to it : " To the generation of Antichrist,
the pestilent prelates, and their shavelings, in Scotland, the congre-
gation of Christ Jesus within the same sayeth, &c." He was author
of several hot pieces of jcontroversy, and other theological work*.
He was also author of a " History of the Reformation of the Church
of Scotland, from 1422 to 1567," in folio. Ob. 24 Nov. 1572.

• He was d€ Gifcrd, as being a native of a village bearing that name in East
Lothian. — Lord Hailxs.

270 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY

John Knox the Younger; from an origmal painlii^
in Hamilton Palace. Trotter sc. %vo.

This person wai the, contemporary and acquaintance of Joha
Knox the Reformer, but in no way related to him or his fiimily <a
the score of consanguinity ; however, their christian and somaae
bdng the same, as well as the time in which they respectively floQ^
rished, and both also of the clerical order, biographers have mil-
taken one for the other, and by that means have confounded thoa
together. John Knox the Toonger was moderator of the synod
of Mersa, in Oermany, in the year 1583; also preacher at Rottor-
dam, in Holland, and afterward at London; and it was he (and not
the Reformer) that was the transcriber of the (bnowhig histoiy of
the Rdbrmation of Scotland, and might be one of the assistants in
revising it at the press; of which history there is a manuscript copy
•till eadsting, in die library at Glasgow, which bears the fidlowing
title :

** Tl» Hist(>ry of the Reformation of Religion widim the retime
of Scotland; conteening the manner and by qnaht personnes the
light of Christ's evangel hes bein manifested unto this realme, after
that horrible and universal defection from the troth, which hes tarn
to be the meines of|hat Roman Antichrist.'' — ^There is another book,
in the same hand-writing, wherein are these words : '< In nomine
Domini nostri Jesu Christi," ^c. Septembris quarto, M. Jo. Knox,
August 18, 1581; evidently proving that they could not have been
the performances of the Reformer Knox, who died in the year 1572.

DIVINES OF THE CHURCH OF ROME.

ALAN US, Cardinalis; Esme de Boulonois fAto.
In the " Academie des Sciences^'' torn. ii. p. 37.

Cardinal Alan, Allen, or Allyn ; a small bust:
taken from the ^^ Oxford AlmanacU^ for 1746, nohttt
it is placed under the head of Edward II. It is probably

authentic^ as it was engraved by Vertue.*

*

Cardinal Allen. S. Freeman sc. From the ori-

* Vertoe had a considerable collection of CMrjuos heads from Bf dab, of whicb h$
fircqueatl^ took drawings and casts.

^/irhiJ Iff.fV/i^Ma^-^i"^ <5"A

OF ENGLAND. 271

girial in the possession of Brown Mostj/n, esq.; in Lodge's
*' Illustrious Portraits"

William Alan, cardinal priest of the church of Rome,* and a Cr.28Jo
celebrated writer in its defence, was educated at Oriel College, in ^^^'^'
Oxford ; and in 1556 chosen principal of St Mary HalL Upon
the accession of Elizabeth, he retired to Louvain, where he pub-
lished his book on the subject of ** Purgatory ,. and Prayers for the
Dead ;" in which rhetoric, of which he was a great master, held the
place of argpument. This was the ground-work of his reputation.
He afterward returned to England, where he lurked several years-
in disguise, and printed an apology for ills religion, which he in-
dustriously difipersed. He had the chief hand in establishing the
English seminaries at Douay and Rheims, and several others ia
Spain and Italy. He was justly regarded as a most dangerous
enemy to the civil as well as religious liberties of his country ; as he
persuaded Philip II. to undertake the conquest of EngUmd^ and
endeavoured, by a book which he published about the same time^
to persuade the people to take up arms against the queen. 0(.
5 Oct. 1594, JSt. 63.

THOMAS STAPLETON, Anglus ; M. Ixiii.
Qb. Obt. 12, 1598. L. GuaHier indditj neat.

Thomas Stapleton; copy of the above. W. Rich^
ardson.

Thomas Stapletonus, &c. in a doctor of divinity s
habit, 4to. neat.

Thomas Stapleton ; an etching in a square^ by
the Earl of Ailesfbrdy 1794; scarce.

Thomas Stapleton^ a native of Yorkshire, was educated at New
College, in Oxford. In the reign of Mary he was promoted to a
canonry of Chicester. In that of Elizabeth he settled at Louvain,
where he greatly distinguished himself by the controversial writ-
ings which he published against Jewel, Whitaker, and other emi-
nent divines of the established church. He afterward went to

* He was created cardinal under the title of St. Martin in Monlibus ; and in 1589
was made archbishop of Mecklin, the metropolis of Brabant. — Wood, Ath, Oxen, 1.
714.

272 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY

Douaj, where be took the degree of doctor in divinity, of vti<i
faculty he was elected professor; but being offered thechaifai
Louvain, he returned thither , and was about the same time ad*
vanced to the deanery of Hilverbeck, in Brabant. It is said,
Clement VIIL intended to bestow upon him a cardinal's hat;
that this honour was prevented by his death, which was on the
12th of October, 1598. Clement was so great an admirer of bis
writings, that he ordered them to be read publicly at his table.
Cardinal Perron, who wai an eminent author himself,* esteemed
him, both for learning and acuteness, the first plolemical divine of
his age. There is a catalogue of his works, .wldch are in four
volumes folio, in Dod's «* Church History," ii. 86. His "Tres
Thomee," containing the lives of St. Thomas the Apostle, St Tho-
mas Becket, and Sir Thomas More, is one of the 'most curious of
his books.

RICHARD WHYTE; in Latin Titus; Basmto-

chiuSj comes Palatinus ; ^vo.

RicHABD Whyte ; 8vo. W. Rkhardson.
Richard Whyte ; sir Latin verses ; scarce.

Richard Whyte, some time fellow of New College, in Oxford,
was, in the reign of Elizabeth, constituted Regius Professor of the
civil and canon law at Douay, and created count palatine by the
emperor. Having buried two wives, he, by the dispensation of
Pope Clement VIII. took priest*s orders, and was presented to a
canonry in St. Peter's church at Douay. His principal work
was, " Historiarum Britannicee Insulee, &c. Libri novem, Duac.
1602 ;" 8vo. to which is prefixed his head. Among other things,
he wrote an explanation of the famous enigmatical epitaph at Bo-
logna, which has been so variously interpreted. It is probable, that
the author of it, who might have beeu better employed, made it on
purpose to puzzle the idly inquisitive among the learned.

The following priests and Jesuits, who have been recorded in the
black catalogue of criminals by Protestants, and in the bright list
of saints and martyrs by papists, were more formidable to the
queen and her people than is commonly imagined. As she stood

• This cardinal had a printing-press in his house ; and his castom was to have a
few copies printed of any work that he intended to publishj for the revisal of his
friends before the publication.

Vittj %ntmn6mm.'yita.,yakpucdm
'Vjtii'^nf(}i>mvm,^uid enim?njft twrtvocem

lyLoriuanSfucjvt(mmu tmmorocUltt J^lai^
Omnis) &anh^uoS(mikpult£pii.

v^^ £/ >i<ici^m^^r^/c^rj,yf^^^j.

I

OF ENGLAND. 273

cnmunicated by a bull of Piiis V. and was the main pillar
ie reformed religion, she was compelled by the great law of
ssity, though not without grief and relactance,* to let loose
laws against seminary priests and Jesuits, her known enemies ;
?r personal safely y and that of her kingdom^ depended upon it. This,
ler Parsons himself was so candid as to own, in a private letter
>ne of his friends.f These unhappy missionaries, enterprising
dangerous as they were, are, however, entitled to our pity ; as
acted in their proper character, and in conformity with the
us of their religion.

:!UTHBERT MAYNE, executed at Launceston, in
nwallj 1579, 4to. mezz.

yUTHBERT Mayne. W. Richurdson.

athbertMayne was bom in the parish of Yalston, in Devonshire,
first took his degree of master of arts in the university of Ox*
Some of his letters having been intercepted by the bishop
lOndon, Mayne absconded, and went to Douay ; he was after-
d sent upon the mission to England ; but being an obstinate
Qtainer of the pope's power, he was the first missionary priest
ilngland that was convicted uppn the law against Agnes Defs,
He was executed at St. Mary's Fane, commonly called Lau'n-
on, in Cornwall, Nov. 30th, 1577. Dod's *' Church History,"
n. p. 90.

^ EDMUND. CAMPIANUS, qui primus e Soc-
;u, Londini, pro Fide Cath. Martyrium consuni'^
.vit,J 1 Dec. 1581 ; a small head. This, and several
zrs that follow^ were taken from a sheet prints entitled^
i^ffigies et Nomina qxwrundam e Societate Jesu, qui
Fide vel Pietate sunt interfecti, ab anno 1549, ad
mm 1607," don£> at Rome. The sheet contains twenty^
r heads.

Vide " Camdeni Eliz.'* sab Ann. 1581.

'< Concertatio Kccles. Cathol. adversos Ang. Calvino PafHstaa," Pars ii. foL

Tqers, 1583, 8vo.

Parsons and Campian were the first missionaries Uiat the Jesoits sent into

and.

OL. I. 2 N

274 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY

Edmund Campian, his execution, S^. fol.

Edmund Campian was educated at Christ's Hospital, in LeiAi>
whence he removed to St. John's College^ in Oxford. Heie bcfr
iinguished himself as an orator and a disputant; inbothwUi
capacities he entertained Queen Elizabeth at a public act, when ^
visited that university. He soon after became a convert totkl
church of Rome, and retired to the college at Douay, vbeiete
took his bachelor of divinity's degrees. In 1573) he travelkdti
Rome/ became a Jesuit, and was soon after sent by his sopeiioti
as a missionary into Germany, where he composed his Latin tn*
gedy, called " Nectar and Ambrosia," which was acted widi gio^
applause in the presence of the emperor. The last scene of biali^
was in England, where he was re^urded as a dangerous advemij
of the established church. He was executed at Tyburn, the lit
of December, 1581. His writings shew him to have been a nua
of various and polite learning. His '' Decern Rationes/' written
against the Protestant religion, have been solidly answered \sf
several of our best divines. The original manuscript of his "Hii-
tory of Ireland" is in the British Museum. See Dod, ii. p. 137,&c

ALEXANDER BRIANT, Soc. Jesu, Londini,
pro Catholica Fide, suspensus et sectus, I Decemb.
1581 ; small.

Alexander Briant, who was born in Somersetshire, studied at
Oxford, and afterward at Douay. He was sent into England, in
character of a missionary, in the reign of Elizabeth. In 1581, he
was imprisoned, and, as Dod tells us,* was cruelly treated while he
was in the Tower, by thrusting needles under the nails of his
fingers, to force him to a discovery of what was acting abroad
against the queen and govemment.f He was a young man of sin-
gular beauty, and behaved at the place of execution with decent
intrepidity. Execut Dec. 1, 1581.

THOMAS COTTAMUS, Anglus, Londini, pro

♦ " Cburch History," H. 114.

t It was at this time strongly reported, that a plot was hatching in the Eng&b
colleges at Rheiras and Rome, with no less a view than the total sabversion of the
national religion and government. The fears and jealousies of the people were
more alive than usual at this juncture, as the Duke of Anjou was io the height of
his courtship with the queen.

fu^U^i^ A,4.pusf ,Se,. ir Ti'^JiitAardsenXft-kMott^

OF ENGLAND. 275

Fiide Cathoiica, suspensus gladioque sectus, 9 Jul.
mB2 1 small.

Hioiiiat Cottani) who .was bom in Lancashire, studied some time
at Brazen-Nose College^ in Oxford » and af)terward at RheimSf
ivliere he was ordained priest In 1580, he was sent on a mission
hOo England, but was apprehended soon after his landing. Dr.
Ely^ a professor of the civil and canon law at Douay, happened to
be at Dover when he was taken, and with great address contrived
aiid[ eflEected his escape ; but as this benevolent act was like to be
aSttraded with the ruin of him and his family, Cottam veiy gene-
rously sorrendered himself to save his benefactor. He was several
ttfb^ put to the torture in prison, but could not be prevailed witii
to make any confession, or renounce his religion. He and Briant
art| taid to have been admitted into the Society of Jesus a little be-
bre their death. He was executed at Tyburn, with several of hii
fraternity, the 30th May, 1582.*

EDMUND GENINGES, (Jennings) alias Iron-
monger, JEt. 24, 1591 ; eight Latin verses ; Martin
bas sc. crest and arms, Ato. before his Life^ St. Omer's^
1614.

. Edmund Jennings was admitted into the Englbh college at
jELheiois, under doctor, afterward cardinal, Allen, and, when he
was twenty years of age, ordained priest. He was soon after sent
iaCo England, where he was apprehended in the act of celebrating
mass* He was executed, by hanging and quartering, in Gray*s»Inn*
Fields, the 1 0th of December, 1 59 1 .

In the rare book above mentioned, are several historical prints,
representing the principal circumstances of his life and death. This
work was published, at a considerable expense, by the Papists, in
order to perpetuate the remembrance of two ^* miracles," which
are there said to have happened at his death. The first is, that,
after his heart was taken out, he said, *' Sancte Gre^ori, ora pro
me ;*' which the hangman hearing, swore, " God's wounds ! see his
heart is in my hand ; yet Gregory is in his mouth." The other is,
that a holy virgin, being desirous of procuring some relic of him,
contrived to approach the basket into which his quarters were

* Dod. ii. p. Xi6^

276

BIOGRAFHICAIi^^'HlSTORY

throwiif and touched hu ligfat hand, winch die eeteemediDOit)
from its having been employed in acta of oonaecration audi
ing the host; and' immediately hit thamb came off wiAoit
or diacorery, and she carried it home, and pr eae r n e d it yAS
||M)ateat care*

' P.. ROGERUS FILGOCKUS, Ang^,
pro Catholica Fide^ suspensus et Bectos, 22
lebl; smali:

by Mr. Stow erroneooaly called Thomii, I
Ida education at Seyille» in Spain^ where he waa oidabed
andsoon after tent hitte aa a mianonary. Dod inAnatlC!
he.and Sfark Backworth, a gentleman who acted in the
racter, were executed at Tybom, the 27th of Fdnov;,
together with Mra. Anne Lyne, wiio Aiffined death jhr
and assisting missionaries.*

P. FRANCISCUS PAGIUS, Anglus, Soc. J
Londini, pro Catholica Fide, suspehsus' et
30 April, 1602; smaU.

Francis Page, having for some time applied himself to the itni]
of the law, went abroad, was ordained priest, and sent back npost
mission. He was, according to Dod's account of him, seised s^
(Condemned to die for receiving holy orders, and was ezecnlal^
Tyburn in 1601. The same author adds, that Mrs. Lyae^l
widow gentlewoman, with whom he resided, was prosecuted tfs
suffered death for entertaining him.f This appears to be the pea*
mentioned above in the article of Filcock.

POMINICUS COLLINUS, Hibemus, e Soe.
Jesu, &c. pro Catholica Fide, Corkse, in Hibemii^
suspensus et sectus, ult. Oct. 1602 ; smali.

Sib.

)0

I

£

* Dod, u. p. 106.

t Dod, ii. p. lis.

OF Elf GLAND. 277

* CLASS V.

^^OMMONERS IN GREAT EMPLOYMENTS.

Sir THOMAS SMITH, knt. born March 28,
^^2; deceased August 12, 1577, in the Q5thyear of
fige. Round cap, furred garment.

f r'SiE Thomas Smith, holding a book; a wooden
^f^i motto, Ingenium nulla manus. In " Gabrielis
Witrveii, Valdinatis, Smithies, vel Musamm Lofihrymx
•W Obitu, <§-c. 1678 ;" Ato.

* Xn the same book is a wood-cut of his tomb^ with an
Ipitaph and elegy.

-Sir Thomas Smith ; in Birch's " Lives" Holbein
•ittr. Houbrakensc.

Sir Thomas Smith was several times sent ambassador into Franc^
^ this reign; and on the 24th of June, 1572, he was appointed
*^cretary of state. In 1575, he procured an act of parliament,
Pmt a third part of the rent upon college-leases should be always
gBierved in com, at the low price at which it then sold. He
^Searly foresaw that the collegiate bodies would reap great advan-
tage from this act ; as there was the highest probability that the
|Uice of grain would be much advanced.

SIR FRANCIS WALSINGHAM; Frederico
^icchero p. J. Houbraken sc. In the collection of Sir
itobert Walpole. Illust. Head. It was afterwards Mr.
Horace Walpole^s.

Franc. Walsinghamius; in the '* Heroologia ;^*

Fr. Walsingham, secretaire d'Elizabeth. Vander
^erffp. P. a Gunst sc. h. sh.

Franciscus Walsingham, &c. Vertm sc. h. sh.

Sir Francis Walsingham. H Meyer sc. 1815.

il6^

m

S80 BIOORAVHICAL SlgTORY

afterward sent to the Hagae to manage die
affairs in the United Provinces ; and was
into their council of state, where he sat next to <
Maurice. See Class IX.

GUALTERUS MILDMAT, Eques'Auratos,
EmtnanueUs Fund". Aif. 1684. X Faberf. target

Sir Walter Mildm at, with a View oftht
E. Harding sc. Wilson's *' Cambridge.'*

The Rer. Mr. Henry Jerom de Salit gave an origiod
Sir Walter Mildmay to the Eaii of Sandwich, who
to Dr. Richaidtoiii master of Kmmaimel College^ in

Sir Walter Mildmay wai tanreyor of the coiirl of
in the reign of Henry VIH. and pri?y-counsdlor» chenftfilfcli
vnder-treasurer of the Exchequer, to Elizabeth; apdii
by Camden, and other historians, for hit nnconmon moit fc
private and public character. Oh. 31 May> 1589. Henv
in the church of St. Bartholomew the Great, in West-Si
where is a monument to his memory, which has been
at the expense of the society at Cambridge of his foundatioik

SIR HENRY LEE, knt. with his trusty I^SJ^i
Basire sc. In Pennanfs *' London''

Sir Henry Lee, knight of the Grarter, the faithftd and devotedio^
yant and knight of Queen Elizabeth, made a vow to present hioMl
on the 17th day of every November as her champion. This go*
rise to the annual exercise of arms on that day ; but in the thiitf*
third year of her majesty's reign, being very much disabled by^t
he resigned his office, and recommended as his successor the Ri^
Noble George Clifford, earl of Cumberland, on the 17th pf NoYca*
her, 1 590. Having first performed their exercise in armour, they pf^ |ti
sented themselves unto her highness, at the foot of the stairs under
her gallery-window in the Tilt-yard at Westminster. The present,
and prayer, being with great reverence delivered into her majesty's
own hands, he himself disarmed, offered up his armour at the foot
of her majesty's crowned pillar ; and, kneeling to the queen, p^
sented the Earl of Cumberland armed, and mounted him upon his
horse. This being done, he put upon his own person a coat of black
velvet, pointed under the arm, and covered his head' (in lieu of a

OF ENGLAND. 281

bdmet) with a buttoned cap of the country-fashion.* Sir Henry
died in 161 1, aged BO. See his monumental inscription at full length
in €olKn'8 " Peerage ;" article Earl Litchfield.

CLASS VL

MEN OF THE ROBE.

SIR NICHOLAS BACON, lord-keeper. Fred.
Zucchero p. J. Houbraken sc. In the collection of the
Duke of Bedford. Illmt. Head.

At Gorhambnry, his seat near St Alban's* now in the possession
of XfOrd Grimston, are his portrait and his bust. There are also
busts of his second lady, and Lord Bacon, their son^ when a. little
boy. A great part of the furniture which belonged to the lordr
keeper is still carefully preserved. Besides the portrsuts of the
Bacon family, there are a great many others, well worth the notice
of the curious.f The greater part of them are copies, but they wer^
done in the time of the persons represented. ,

NicdLAUs Baconus ; in the " Heroologia;' %vo,

Nicolas Bacon. A. Vander Werff p. P. a Gunsi
sc. h. sh.

NicoLAUs Baconus, custos magni sigilH, 1559.
Vertuesc^h. sh.

N. Bacon, lord-keeper. Vertue sc. large 4to.

N. Bacon, &c. Vertue sc. a small oval; engraved
with other heads. In the frontispiece to Burnet's
^* Abridgement of his Hist, of the Reformation;'' \2mo.

* See Walpole's Miscellaneoas Antiquities, No. 1. p. 41, and Pennant's London.

t In Pennant's Journey from Chester to London, p. 224, is a catalogue of the
most remarkable of <them» and 'a view of the old house* which was taken down
178-, and an elegant modem mansion erected a small distance from the old spot.
Lord Grimston, the present owner of this estate of the Bacons, is a successor in part
to their titles ; having been created baron of Yerulam in June 1790<
VOL. I. 2 o

283 BIOQKAPHICli: BISTORT

'KNDoted SirNk^o1asBac(nlmdmiidiordi«tpen«i«tiii«genif,«H9r
•*«»■'• ofj«dgment.per.p«riTeeloq.««,Woo«q«d«ri«te^
of law and equity, .whicb aAerward ahoae foflbv&li m p^\
luBtre in his son, who was as much inferior to his fether ^F^ Ictd C
prudence and integ^y; a»hi» fethei was to Ini inlilersry iBH^f
pKfthmenti. He was the first Tord-leeferlbai ranked w^hA^\
ceUor. 06. 20 Feb. 1578-9 « jU?

LORD CHANCELLOR HATTOW. JBocjurf**^

In " Noble Authors,'' by Purk, 1806.

Lord Cuancblloa; small wMcleg^tk.W.BJ^*

Sir Christopher Hattov, mth- oulogfrMgiA. A'
Thane exc. Fnm the original iU &r Thomas^ £ba^

Snr Christopher Ratton was bom nt Holdenbjt m N mfl ii Uiip Bfc*
shire, and breil to the law. He came to the ooarC 8f a MMi^
when Queen Elizabeth first took notice of Urn fbr Us pt ii m
dandngt and elegant person. For his great abiBdea lie was^horil
lord hi^^:hancellor of Bigland. His sentence was a latr aM
subject; and so wise, that his opmibtt was in oracle to lU^jiiifc
Sir John ttarrrogton describes him as a ** man taught yyrtiie, (had
to wisdom,*' &c. The queen rigorously demanding payment of sosii
■arrears, and he failing in his request for longer time, it went to Ui
heart, and he fell into a mortal disease. The queen, sorry for vbl

she had done, brooght him cordiuls^with her own hand ; but in
He died 1591, aged 51, and was buried in Su Pkurs cathedrsl^r

Vera Effigies JACOBI DYER, Equitis aurati, qui
prime reginae Elizabethse '' Capitalis Justiciarius de
Banco constitutus ; elapsis tandem viginti et quatuor
Annis, a Morte exauctoratus est." J. DrapaUierx*
aboriginali; h.sh,

* He caught his death by sleeping in his chair, with a Miiidow opem
t Alluded to by Mr. Gray, in his poem of the Long Story :

*' Full oft within these spadons watts.
When be had fifty winteci o'er hiny,
•1^7 gntve Lord*>Keeper led the brawh }X
Tbo' Seal and Maces dane'd btlbie hin.'^

I A sort of figikre-dance tbc» in Togoe.

ill

(!)

k

OF EKGLANO* 283

tes Dyer was author of a book of reports in Trendi, of
eral editions have been published. His head is prefixed
L Ob. 24 Mar. 1581-2.

CHRISTOPHER WRAY, knt, lord chief-
)f England, 1582, aged 59 ; Ato.; from an ari-
rtrait in the possession cf Sir Cecil Wrajfy barf,
ing sc. In Harding's " Biographical Mirrour^^

stopher Wray was bom at Bedole, in Yorkshire, in 1523*
d his academical education at Magdalen College, in Cam-
1 was from thence removed to Uncoln's Tnn. He senred for
-idge, in Yorkshire, in all ^e parliaments of Queen Mary;
an eminent lawyer^ and well vecsed in parliamentary pro-
iras chosen speaker of the House -of Commons in the par-
lied in 1571. He was soon after advanced to be a justice
nmon Pleas, and was, in 1574, constituted lord chief-
England. Sir Christopher Wray, with his contemporary
ttled the form of the commission of the peace, as it con-
h very little alteration, to this day. He was an upright
. possessed a clear discerning judgment, with a free ana
ocution : though he respected every man in his proper
en he was off the bench, yet when tie was upon itj he had
!gard for the greatest of men, as to bias his judgment,
indful of what is past* observant of things present, and
for things to come^ indulgent to his servants, and charita-
poor. In Liucolnshire he acquired a very considerable
>perty, as appears by the inquisition taken at his death-
eservation of an estate, he used to say four things were
;* to understand it — not to spend till it comes — ^to keep
ts — to have a quarterly audit. — He was a munificent be-
Magdalen College, Cambridge, where, as we have
eceived his education: to which college also both his
i his daughter Frances, countess of Warwick, were con-
benefactresses. He died 1591, aged 68, and was buried
ch of Glentworth, where is a monument to hi^ memory.

OND ANDERSON, knt., lord chief-justice

♦ Llof d's " Worthic*/'

284

BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY

of the Common Pleas, JEt. 76. W. Faithorne k. frm- 1

tispiece to his " Reports," in French, 1664, 1665;/i^

Sir Edmund Anderson sat in judgment upon Mary Queen d

, in October, 1586 ; and the next year presided at thetn^Il

avison, in the Star-chamber, for signing the wanailB!

jn of tJial princess. His decision in that nice poiBl«fi

bat -lad done jusli! Ill, mn piste ; hf had done tehat innrijit«

an mdaiBjvl manner ; olhenme he thought him no bad man,"* Ot. 1^

Vera Effigies JOHAI* IS CLENCH, Eqmtis
Aurati, unus .

nuper Reginse
Regina tenenda Has

This judge
writings were evei
Juridiciales," 16 i n

..l;>.

1 serenissimae Dominffii
ad Placita coram ips*
Marf. 1664.
his profession, but none ofla
Dugdale's " OrigiW

Mench, and also the bust of In li

lealh, in high aod perfect pie- l

,1 Bealiog's Magna, neat Wood- I

wife, with foi i

servation, in

bridge, Suffolk.

WILLIAM AUBREY, LL. D. from an origM
picture, in the Ashmolean Museum, Oxford. J. Ciml-
field, exc. Ato.

William Aubrey, a civilian, was born in Brecknockshire, and edu-
cated at Oxford, where he became fellow of A11-Sou1'b College,
professor of civil law, and principal of New-Inn Hal!. He also
held some considerable employments under Queen Elizabeth, and
died at the age of 66, in the year 1595. None of his works are in
print, except some of his letters, which are in Strype's Life of Gric-
dal. Dr. Aubrey was grandfather of the celebrated antiquary, JuW
Aubrey, and lies buried in St. Paul's church, London,

EDMUND PLOWDEN, serj. at law; fol. T
Slagner, before his '" Rep07-ts."

* This ivBi eicellG&l logic for finding ea innocent mBn guiltj. It wu in"
from tlie same mood nod figore trilh (he queen's order, and no-otiter, fiii Dtnioi'i
lil^niiig the nnrraat. The lord dilef-justjce, who waa oihgrwise no bad niD tiin-
lelf, WDB obliged to find him guilly, upon pain of being deprived of hb office, Scr
the puticuiaij rf the cnit in KoberUou's " Hist, of Scotluid."

OF BNtSLANP; ' 28a

: Sdmund PlOiWdeK was descended fk^m an aocieht falnity iii Shtdp-
ihire. He studied the el^meiits of the legal Imowledge, in which
be afterward became'so emin^it a proficient, at the Middle Temple,
tad held the office of treasurer during the Rebuilding of the great
hall ; in one of the windows of which his arms, with the date 1576,
Still 'femain. HiA Commentaries and Reports are still held in esteenki
He died in 1584, and lies huried in thfe Temple church, where therd
is a monument to his memory ; from which a print' has been en-^
graved by J. T« Smith, for his illustrations of Pennant, &c«

A SCOTCH CIVILIAN.

GUIL. BARCLAIUS, J, C. M. 53, 1699. C. D.
Mallery f. oval : in the same plate are eight coats of
arms of the families to which he was allied.

GuiL. Barclaius, JEf. 53, 1599. C. Mellan.

. Williara Barclay, a native of Scotland, and allied to the best fa«
milies of that kingdom, was an eminent civilian in France, in the
reign of Henry IV. He wrote a book, '* De Regno, et Regali Po-
testate, adversus Monarchomachos," 1599 ; Ato, in which i^ his head,
tteady engraved.* Though he had very considerable preferment
in France, being first royal professor in the university of Angiers, he
came into England, in 1603, with a view of settling, here ; but not
meeting with encouragement, he returned to France, where he died
about^the year 1605 ; according to other accounts, 160^. He wa«
father of John Barclay, the celebrated author of the " Argenis."

CLASS VII.
MEN OF THE SWORD.

OFFICERS OF THE ARMY.

ROBERT DUDLEY, Graaf Van Leicester, &c,
in armour; Ato.

* He was also author of an excellent comment on " Taciti Vita J. AgrieoUc" ' '

286 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY

l»85. The Earl of Leicester was lieutenant-general of the forces sent
into the Low Coontries against the Spaniards, and deputy-goyeraor |)
of the United Provhices under the queen. He waa not only un-
successful as a general ; but he ventured to lay an q^presahre hand
upon a people who had lately shaken off the Spamsk yoke, who ex- 1
nked in ^ir new liberty, and were extremely jealous of it. Upoi ||
thb, sereral complaints were brought against him, which eecasioDed
his return to England.

SIR PHILIP SIDNEY. Isaac Oliver p. Hou^
braken sc. 1743. In the collection of Sir Broumlow
Sherrard, bart. Illmt. Head.

Sir Philip Sidnj:y; in Hentzner's ^^ Travels f
9vo. 1797.

Sir Philip Sidney. E. Scriven sc. From theory
ginal of Sir Antonio More^ in the collection of his Grace
the Duke of Bedford. In Mr. Lodge's " Illustrious
Portraits.^'

There is a portrait of him in one of the apartments of Warwick-
castle, which is with good reason believed to be an original, as it
belonged to Fnlke GreviHe, k>rd Brooke, his intimate friend.

Sir Philip Sydney, knt. Ob. 1586, JEt. 32.
X Oliver p. Vertue sc. From a picture in the Earl oj
Oxfords collection; h. sh*

Sir Philip Sidney. J. Oliver p. Vertue sc. 1745.
From a limning of Dr. Mead's; whole length. PrC"
Jived to the Sidney-papers^ published by Collins.

In this print is a view of Penshurst, in Kent, the ancient seat of
the Sidneys, which at the time of its engraving was in the posses-
eion of William Perry, esq. whose lady was niece to the last earl
of Leicester of that family.

Philippus Sxdneius. Elstracke sc. Ato. Compton
Holland exc.

This print, which was done in the reign of Elizabeth, is supposed
to be the first head published by Elstracke.

1

OF BNGLANIX 287

Sir Philip Sydney, govemor of Flushing; whole
Jengih ; sold by John Hind, Ato. scarce^

Sir Philip Sydney ; a very small ovat^ with Lord
JSacoHy neatly engraved by Faitkome. There is a vile
print of him, in armour, before one of the editions of the
*' Arcadia^^ without the engraver's name. It is copied
from Elstracke's.

pHiLippus Sydney ; in the •* Heroologia /^ 8vo.

The original picture was in the possession of the late Earl of
Chesterfield.

Sir Philip Sidney, a bust prefixed to the Arcadia,
8tw. De Courbes.

Sir Philip Sidney. Inveniam viam, out faciam.
Vertuesc. l2mo.

The painting of him at Wobum Abbey is like the print among
the illustrious heads.

Sir Philip Sidney was governor of Flushing, and general of the
liorse under his uncle the Earl of Leicester. His yalouTy which was
esteemed his most shining quality, was not exceeded by any of the
heroes of his age; but even this was equalled by his humanity.
After he had received his death^s wound at the battle of Zu4)hen^
and was overcome with thirst from excessive bleeding,^ he called
for drinky which was presently brought him. At the same time, a
poor soldier was carried along desperately wounded , who fixed his
eagei* eyes upon the bottle, just as he was lifting it to his mouth ;
upon which he instantly delivered it to him, with these words:
^' Thy necessity is yet greater than mine."*

* This beautiful instance of humanity is worthy of the peneil of the gfeatett
painter ; and is a proper subject to exercise the genius of our rising artbt8,t who,
by the rules of the Society for^tlie Encouragement of Arts, are confined to English
history.)

t The subject has been painted by Mortimer, from which there are two en-
gravings ; one by Bartoloszi, and one by S. Ireland : the same subject has been
painted by Carter, and engraved in mez. by Jones.

X Since the first edition of tlie " Biographical History" was printed, the very in-
genious Mr. West told me, tliat he should employ his pencil on this subject. Every
iover of painting, and especially those who have seen the Death of General Woff,
by his baud, will hear this witti pleasure.

I

I

f

i

ir JKSiaAj„.iiivn rtiirStart Jb-arul,

290 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORT

Charles Howard, earl of Nottmglkurn/w >w»|
back; view of the Armada^ 1688 ; half sheet; ran.

s Charles Howard, eari of Wfotlingharo ; urm
to his face ; four Latin verses; %vo. curious.

HpwARDf \atd h)g1)-adinin(l; opal^Bifo. ]^. lb

CfMted C^iaiks Ho«ard» eui of Nottbgbm* im» fov 1^
^^ in nftnd affurs, ftdniiocd, in 1«B8, tothe oStit tfllonl
Biidi. v^ In:lliisinemoral>k year he^ and the galltt^

did «Hick in sinking and destroying the Spani^k Anindaif
viadi did more. Upon this great event, Ifae qn^an oadered ai
to he struck, with this inscription, f AfflaiitDeoi, ftt
** He hlew. with his wind, and they were 8cattered.t** In UM^J
lord-admiral, had a great ihare in taking Gadii, and bmuigl
Spanish fleet. He was a lover of magnificence, having no leai
s^ven 'Standing houses at the same time.*^ He eq^q^bli
about thirty-two jeaf^ 8efi the next reigfi. Class fl.

# « ■ ■ - •

The suit of tapestry at the House (f Lords,
by Pine, with the heads of the Lord Admiral, and

who commanded under him against the Spanish AmM
is a Justly-admired work. The heads, which are cM
the size of a half-crown, are in the borders ofthejiMi
which exhibit the particulars of each day's er^agenkii
The hangings were executed from the des^ns ofHaifi
Cornelius Uroom. The following is an alphabetical U
of the persons represented. Tt^ir najnes are spdt ^
they stand on the prints. Christopher Baker^ Sjf
George Becton^ Sir Charles Blunt, Sir Bobert 0»S
Captain Crosse, the Earl of Cumberland, Sir Frond
Drake (Charles Howard, baron of Effingham), tk
Lord Admiral, Sir Martin Frobisher, Sir Thomas ijrSt^
rat. Captain Benjamin Gonson, Sir John Hawkins, &

* The rojal navj at this time consisted bat of twenty-eight ve^els* — Humb*
t O nimimnin dilecta Deo ! cui militat sther,
£t coDJorati veniunt ad dassica venti. — Claudian.

t Fuller'! " Worthies."

OF ENGLAND. 291

Edward Hobye, the Lord Thomas Howard j Mr. Knevet,
the Earl of Northumberland, Sir Horatio Pahodnij
Captain George Fennar, Captain Fenton, fhe Lord
Henry Seymour, the Lord Sheffield, Sir Robert South-
welly Sir Thomas Sycile, Sir Roger Tounsand, Thomus
Vavasir, Mr. Willoughby, Sir William Winter,

These brave ofBcers and volunteers embarked with a rei^ltition
suitable to the greatness of the occasion, and of that age of heroes
in which they lived ; but by the favour of heaven, which fought for
the English^ there occurred no such opportunities of signalising
their valour as presented themselves to the Hawkes and Forrests
of the present age. See some curious particulars, relative to their
engaging the Armada, in the '^ Harleian Miscdlany," vol i.
p. 123, &c.

SIR FRANCIS DRAKE ; from an original in the
possession of Sir Philip Sydenham, bart., knight of the
shire for Somerset. R. White so. h. sh. In the first edit,
of Harris's ^^ Voyages,'' vol. I, p. 19.

I take this print to be the most authentic portrait of Sir Francis
Drake extant. The original picture descended to Sir PhiUp Syden-
ham, 4of Brimpton, in the county of Somerset, from his ancestor,
Sir George Sydenham, whose only daughter manied Sir Francis
Drake.*

Draeck (Drake), ^t. 4^; an ancient print; his
right hand resting on a helmet ; a terrestrial globe sus-
pended under an arch ; sh. The plate has been retouched
by Vertue.

Sir Francis Drake, leaning on a globe, ttobert
Boissard sc. One of the set of Admirals : this is copied
by Vaughan.

Franciscus Dracus, &c. two hemispheres befot^e
him. Jodocus Hondius Flanderf Londini; 8vo,

* See an accdaik^ off the family in Copier's *' Dictionary."

282 BJOOEAFHICAL HISTORY

Dra£CK, &c. JEt: 43; Jo. Rubel. Thomas deLeusc.
4to^ ami one bjf Wierix. .

Fbanciscus Deake ; in the ^ Herookgia;" 8w.

Sir Francib Drake. W. Marshall sc. small, b
Holler's '' Holy State."

Sir Francis Drake. Vaughan sc. in anmur;^

Franciscus Drake. De Larmesmn sc. Ato.

FitAKCiftcus Drake, &c. H. Goltziusf. 9na.

Sir Francis.. Drake k J.,JE[mibraken sc..h.A.
lUust. Head..

Sir Francis Drake. Blood sculp. In Prindi
'' Worthies of Dewmf Ato. 1810.

Franciscus Draco, 1598 ; motto, ^^Audentes F&r-
tunalrvatr sij? Latin verses'; small, Ato. in^^Nauticd
Portraits:' C. v. P.

Francis Drake and Candish ; on a sheet, sur-
rounded by letter-press in Dutch ; atyns of Englard;
published by J. Hondius ; scarce.

Sib Francis Drake ; small oval in a square, E.
Harding sc.

Sir Francis Drake, before he had the royal sanction for his de-
predations, was a famous freebooter against the Spamards. The
queen made no scruple of employing so bold and enterprising a
i|^an against a people who were themseWes the greatest freebooten
and plunderers amongst mankind. He was the first EnglishmaB
that encompassed the globe^ Mag^lan, whose ships passed the
South Seas some time before, died in his passage. In 1587, he
burnt one hundred vessels at Cadif , and suspended the threatened
invasion for a year ; and, about the same time, took a rich East
India carrack near the Terceras by which the English gained so
great insight into trade in that part of the world, that it occasioned
the establishment of the East India Company. lu 1588 he was
appointed vice-admiral under Lond Effin^iam, and acquitted him-

.Smw,ii.LTE'R KALEIGH.

OF ENGLAND. 295

but a battered hulk. He died on board the Spanish fleet three
days after, expressing the highest satisfaction, in his last moments,
at his having acted as a true soldier ought to have done.^ Ob,
1591. He was grandfather of the famous Sir Bevil Greenvile.

CLASS VIII.

KNIGHTS, GENTLEMEN, &c.

HUMPHREDUS GILBERTUS, MUes Auratus;
in the " Heroologia ;" %vo.

Sir Humphrey Gilbert, knight; copied from the
above ; 4to.

Sir Humphrey Gilbert, holding an arrnillary
sphere ; Virginia at a distance.

Sir Humphrey Gilbert, half-brother, by the mother, to Sir Walter
Raleigh, possessed, in a high degree, the various talents for which
that great man was distinguished. He gained a considerahle repu-
tation in Ireland, in his military capacity, and was one of those gal-
lant adventurers who improved our navigation, and opened the
way to trade and commerce. He took possession of Newfoundland
in the name of Queen Elizabeth, but was unsuccessful in his at-
tempt to settle a colony on the continent of America. He, as well
as Sir Walter Raleigh, pursued his studies at sea and land, and
was seen in the dreadful tempest which swallowed up his ship, sit-
ting unmoved in the stem of the vessel, with a book in his hand ;
and wa9 ofteti heard to say, ** Courage, my ladsf we are as near
heaven at sea, as at land." He always wore pn his breast a golden
anchor suspended to a pearl, which was given him by the queen.
There was a portrait of him in the possession of his descendants

f

* This Was that ehthasiasm, or rather madness of cbarage, which some will have
fo be the hiehest |»erfection id a sea-officer. It was a maxim of Admiral Howard,
who lived in the reign of Henry VIIL that a degree of frenzy was necessary to
qualify a man for that station-.f

t Had not oiur immortal Nelson that necessary degree of frenzy?^

afK BIOORAPIiICA.L HISTORY

io Deronshire, with thiq honourable badge. He wrote a dis-
coiine to prove that there is a north-west paaaage to the Indies*
06.1583.

RICARDjUS SGELLEIUS, Prior Angliie, An.
JEt. LXIII« a medallion, with two reverses. Basire «.
4to. This curious medallion is in the king's collection.

Sir Richard Shelley was the last of our countrymen, that I efer
heard of,whowastitnlarprior of the Englishknightsof St Johnof
Jemsaleniy or knights Templars.*: He, ia thQ reiguL of Elisabell^
without leave of that princess, resided in Spain and the Low Com-
tries, whither he retired on account of his religion. Hie leader,
who is curious to see particulars concerning him, it referred la
the Collection of Letters to which the print is prefixed ; tO' *' Can*
deni Elizabetha,'' sub annis 1560 et 1563; to the Index of the tbird
volume of Strype's ** Annals of the Reformation,'* and to Dod's
" Church History," vol. ii. p. 57.

THOMAS CANDYSSH, Nobilis Anglus, JEtatw
sudd 28. — HiBC ilia est, candide inspector, ithutrimm

ThonuB Canndyssk^ fiobilis Angli^ ad vivum imago ; jti
ejT Anglia 21 Julii^ 1586, navem conscendens, totum
terra ambitum circumnavigavit, rediitque in patriae p&T"
turn Plimouth, 15 Septemb. 1588. Jodocus Handiussc.
Londini. 8vo.

Thomas Candish (or Cavendish); in the. "jBfc^
roologia ;" 8w.

Thomas Cavendish, esq. six English verses; he-
longing to the set of Admirals, Sgc. by Boissard; h.sk.

Thomas Candyssh, &c. two hemispheres before hiiB;
six Latin verses ; 8vo. at. xxx. motto, Extremos Pu-
deat Reclissce. C. v. P. In " Nautical Portraits^*

The7*e is another neat print of him in Ato. with Ac0
hemispheres, and six English verses.

* Thejr aie now' better known by the appeilftlion «f knights of Malta.

OF ENGLAND. 297

Thomas Candish. Larmessm sc. Copied from the
^ Heroologia.**

Thomas Candish, with Drake. See Drake.

Thomas Cavendish was a gentleman adventurer, who, soon after
the commencement of hostilities between England and Spain, un.
dertook to annoy the Spaniards in the West Indies, and carried fire
and sword into, their remotest territories. He burnt and destroyed
luneteen of their ships, and took the admiral of the South Seas,
Tabled at 48,800/. In this expedition he encompassed the globe,
and returned in great triumph to England. His soldiers and sailors
were clothed in silk, his isails were damask, and his top-mast co-
vered with cloth of gold. In his second expedition, he suffered 1591.
almost all the miseries that could attend a disastrous voyage.* His
men mutinied, and he was thought to have died of a broken heart
in America, 1592,+

SIR JOHN PACKINGTON ; from an original
picture atWashwood^ Worcestershire. Clamp sc. 4to.

Sk John Packington was a person of no mean family, and of
4brm and feature no way desjdcable : for he was a brave gentleman,
and a very fine courtiei: ; and for the time he stayed there, was very
high in the queen's grace: but he came in, and went out, and
through disassiduity lost the advantage of her favour; and death
drawing a veil over him, utterly deprived him of recovery. — Had he
brought less to the court than he did, he might have carried away
more than he brought : for he had a time of it, but was an ill hus-
Imnd of opportunity. His handsome features took the most, and
Jm neat parts the wisest at court He could smile ladies to his
service, and argue statesmen to his design with equal ease* — His
season was powerful, his beauty more. — Never was a brave soul
anore bravely seated; nature bestowed great parts on him, and edu-
^»tion polished him to an admirable fVame of prudence and virtue.
<^en Elizabeth called him her Temperance, and Leicester his Mo-
desty. By the courtiers he was called Moderation.

^ * In tlie Straits of Magellan hu men perished in great numbers from cold and
famine. Knivet's feet tamed qtute black with the cold, and his tpes came off with
^na stockings. Another blowing his nose with his fingers, threw it into the fire.

t Dr. Dacarel has a curious drawing, by Vertue, from an original painting, of
Captain Thomas Eldred, who sailed round the globe in the sixteenth century.
VOL. I. 2 Q

298

BIOGRAPHICAL HISTOBJT

Thii new courtHitar was a nine days' wonder, engaging d ejttj
until it set satisfied with its own glory. He came to court, he mV
as Solomon did to see its vanity ; and retired as he did, to i^l
it It was he who said first what Bishop Sanderson urged aftff-
ward, that a sound fiuth waa the best divinity, a good conscieBC»|
the best law, and temperance the best physic. — lioyd in his **
Worthies," says. Sir John Paddngton was virtuous and modest,!
died in his bed an honest and an h^ipy man.

A wager was laid by Sr John^ commonly called lusty Pi
ton, that be would swim firom Whitehall-stairs to Greenwicb,
the sum of 3000/. But the queen, who had a parttculai
ness for handsome fellows, would not permit him to run the
of the trial.

THOMAS 6RESHAMUS: D^ pktura arQhaff\
penes Mercerorum Societatem. Vertue sc. h. sh.

SirThomasGreshah. JDelaram sc. 4to. P.Steri*

Sir Thomas Gresham ; with a view of the Ry(i\
JEjxhange. Overton wc. whole length; h.sh.

Sir Thomas Gresham; copied from the newt abwtl
sold by Walton ; Ato.

Sir Thomas Gresham ; a small oval.

Sir Thomas Gresham, Miles, &c. Faberf. large.
4to. mezz.

Sir Thob^as Gresham ; a whole length; abak^
goods f ship under sail, Sfc. 4to.

Sir Thomas Gresham, sitting. A. More p'
R.Theivsc. 1792; /we.

Sir Thomas Gresham. A.Morepinx. Michel sc*

Sir Thomas Gresham; 4to. /• T. Smith.

Sir Thomas Gresham ; from his statue by GiAaf)
in the Royal Exchange. G. Vertue sc.

* The first impresnon, " Soold by Jo. Sadbnry, ancl 6. Wuaiik,**

>.^.'4i*'^j?4^^^/^A^^^^^"-^~3/-'/..'i«^>y3?'»^"^

/ .^irM-e^^ iy

W,iV>'^^'" 7r-ciiJ>-'-"-i

Efti;mviij'i.>m ai Thu^ug Pri/U /'i eh( (ol/f<-Uo?t ofSirJefin S'Juim&K'

OF ENGLAND. 299

Sir Thomas Gresham; in a small circle^ in Hoi-
lar^s view of the Royal Exchange.

Sir Thomas Gresham was agent in the Low Countries for Ed-
ward Vl.y Qaeen Mary» and Queen Elizabeth. His mercantile
genius exerted itself not only in contriving excellent schemes for
paying the debts of the crown, and extending our foreign trade ;
bot also in introducing into the kingdom the manufactures of small
wares, such as pins, knives, hats, ribands, &c. He was, in a word,
the founder of commerce ; and, beside other great and charitable
acts nobly endowed, he founded Gresham College, the seat of learn-
ing and liberal arts, and the Royal Exchange; which alone is a Fiouhi
monument that ivill deservedly last as long as trade flourishes in ^^^*
this kingdom. Ob. 21 Nov. 1579.

SIR JOHN BROCKETT. Sir A. More pim\
1568. G. Barret sc.

Sir John Brockett was a respectable Spanish merchant, and more
than once member of parliament for Oxford : his residence, called,
after his name, Brockett Hall, was near the village of Wheathemp-
stead, in Hertfordshire. He had three daughters, to each of whom-
he left a house in Wheathempstead, with a handsome portion in
money : from one of these houses came the picture from which the
print was engraved ; and there still remain, to die present time, the
arms of Brockett, correspondent with those in the picture, carved
over the mantlepieces of the two parlours. — In Chauncy's Hert-
fordshire is a very copious account of Sir John, and the rest of the
Brockett family. Brockett Hall, which has been rebuilt within the
last forty years, is now the property and country-seat of Lord Vis-
count Melbourne.

A set of the Lord Mayors of London, from the first
year of Queen Elizabeth to 1601; when the prints,
which are cut in wood, were published. Some of them
serve for several mayors.* Under the portraits are
mentioned their charitable gifts, and places of burial,
with a few other particulars. Among them are seven

* This circuinstance brings in qaestion the authenticity of the set. Possibly tht
repetiHon of the prints was only when originals could not be procured.

300 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY

clothworkerSy sir drapers^ one fishmonger ^ two goldsmthsy
six grocers, five haberdashers ,* four ironmongers^
mercers^ two saltersy two skinners, two merchant-tagh
and one vintner.

The personal history of these city magistrates is almost mi
form as their dress ; and the simplicity and plainness c
ners were as different from those of some who have since fiUeA^
chair, as the delicate engraving and the bold and flaring
are from the rude effigy cut in wood. It would be anniiiiig^
trace the progress of a lord mayor, from the loom or the
monger's stall, to the chair of the chief magistrate : to be ini
with what difficulty he got the first hundred pounds, with
much less he made it a thousand, and with what ease he
his plumb. Such are, in the eye of reason, respectable
and the niore so, as they rose with credit from humbler stationii '.\

WOLSTANUS DIXI (Dixie) Miles, Major
vitatis Londini, 1585. H. Holland exc. Qvo. In
collection of the Marquis of Bute.

Sir Wolstan Dixi£; from the original pictun^
T. Trotter sc. 1795.

Sir Wolstan Dixie, who was a friend to his country and to
kind, deserves to be remembered for his exemplary character i
magistrate, and his extensive charities ; for a detail of whkih
reader is referred to StQ.w's ** Survey of London/' The
Sir Wolstan Dixie has more reason to boast of having such an
cestor in his family, than of the tradition that the founder of it
allied to King Egbert. See the *' English Baronets," ii. p. 89.

The set of the lord mayors, and the head of Sir Wolstan Dizie/^l
are extremely rare ;t the former was in the possession of Jdaepk
Gulston, late of Ealing Grove, in Middlesex, esq. and the latter \^
was the property of Richard Bull, esq. member of parliament for
Newport, in Cornwall.^ /•

* Among tbese is Sir George Bame, who was lord major in 1586. Hewai the
first mercbant-adventarer to Barbary, Russia, and Genoa.

t The set of lord mayors are at present in the collection of Sir John St. Aubyn,
bart.

- tit would be ingratitude not to acknowledge the favours which I have received
^V>jn Sir William Musgravc and both these gentlemen, not only in the free access

reiJviB.LXxins. /..<

■rki^l^m.^n7C.^<Trti ^.■Ka/j/i7r:15d^.

s

'

1

\

biR THof Lee Mercer,

Lord Ma^-or of ihe C'ny of London, li^.

• y'i /////: ^ /r^fy/,! , .viKHrH.i^"'

tTD«xoi

'/^//.-V-;„ r^,/-.U„ !7fi^„<j„i..

OF ENGLAND. 301

SIR HENRY TIRELL, of Springfield, Essex ;
JEt.lOy 1582; froyn the original in the possession of
Mt. Cosway. Elizahetha Bridgetta Gulston del. et f,
in aquafortis 8w.

Sir Henry Tirell descended in a direct line from Sir Walter, who
accidentally shot William Rufus, in New Forest, in Hampshire.
This jTamily, which long flourished at Springfield, is said to have
enjoyed the honour of knighthood, in every descent, for six hundred .
yeartv John Tirell, esq. of that place, was created a baronet 22 Oc-
tober .1666. I know of nothing particularly memorable concerning
Sir ittory, who '< married Thomasine, daughter of William Gunston,
of London, esq. by whom he had several children."*

SIR THOMAS LEE> lord mayor, 1668. Rich-
ardst^. / •

Sir Thomas Lee, or Leigh, son to Roger Leigh, of Wellington'
Shropshire, was brought up under Sir Rowland Hill, a rich mer-
chant of London ; by whon^, for his knowledge and industry, he
was made his factor beyond sea; in which trust he behaved ao
well, ihat Sir Rowland gave bim in marriage his favourite niece,
Alice, daughter of John Barker, alias Coverall, of Wolverton, in
the couiky of Salop. Sir Thomas became lord mayor in 1558,
and during his mayoralty was knighted. He died in 1571, and
was buried in Kfercers' Chapel. From htm descended Francis,
who was created Lord Dunsmore, and afterward Earl of Chichester,
by Charles 1st; who dying without issue male, the title became ex-
tinct. His second son, Thomas, was cidled to the House of Peers
by the title of Lord Leigh, of Stonely .

SIR WILLIAM HARPER, lord mayor. W.
Richardson.

Sir William Harper, son of William Harper, of Bedford, was
lord mayor of London in 1561 ; founded and built, in his lifetime,
a free grammar-school in his native place; and conveyed to the cor-
poration thirteen acres of land in the parish of St. Andrew, Holbom,

which I have had to their very copioilA and valuable collections of English portraits ;
bat for their readiness to commnnicate any notices relative to this work, and their
generous encouragement in the coarse of it.
* " English Baronets/ ii. p. 454.

302 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY

for its support, and the marring of poor maidens of the tava of^
Bedford : the rents are said now to produce neai 6000/. per am
and a farther increase, of course, is expected. He died 1574,
was buried in St. Paul's church, Bedford, where a monuinrat
erected to the memory of Sir William and hit lady. See
" Bedfordshire "page 52, &c. — PenDaut's " London," 1805, p..

SIR RICHARD CLOUGH, knight, ifiin;.
In Pennant's " London ;" 4to.

Sir Richard Clough, by birth a Welshman, originally
Sir Thomas Gresham, by his merit and industry advanced hi
to be his correspondent in the then emporium of the 'woTld,^A^^
xixrp; was afterward knighted, and gave the original hint U^sIe
Thomas for the building the Royal Exchaugfi or Bourse for at*
chants. See Pennant's " London," &c.

CORNELIUS VANDUN; scldier »«^..
Henrj/ VIII. at Tournay. T. Trotter, 1794. \

Cornelius Vandun ; witk a view of his
houses in Petty France. I. T. Smith. In his '**'
trationsfor Pennant," S^c.

" Cornelius Vandun, born at Breda, in Brabant ; a soldier wid
King Henry the 8tli, at Tournay, yeoman of the guard, and uihet
to King Henry, King Edward, Queen Mary, and Queen Eliiiabeth:
of honest and virtuous life, a careful man for poor folk. Built
eight of these almshouses, and twelve others on St Etmin'a Hill,
at his own cost, for poor widows of this parish." He lies boned
in the north isle of St. Margaret's, with these words round hii
eiBgy : " Obiit Anno Domini 1577 ; buried y< 4th of Sept. .Statii

WILLIAM HERVEY, herald ; with his autograph.
C. Hall.

William Harvey, or Hervoy, was first patronised by William, lord
Paget; and whilst Somerset herald attended in the king's coat at
the funeral of the queen dowager of Henry VIII. and is the only
one of the officers at arms who is mentioned at that solemnity. ,
His abilities were thought of that consequence, that he was seat
seven times to Germany, and deputed by Queen Mary to declan
war against Henry 11. He died at Thame, in Oxfordshire, \5S&-1-

1

KJKT. HKKKT AT TirRTTET, TEOSiAH" Off Til£
OBIIX li/^-ETATIS SU.E (94.

J. BRVEN

Puin/kcJJu»cl.,^JfShW.,ckardf^?r''JlJfr^^

OF ENGLAND. 303

PETER BLUNDELL; in the ''Oxford Almanack;'
42.

i^eter Bluudell was born 1520, at Tiverton, in the county of
ironsbire, of parents in so low a station, that when young he was
iged to run on errands for the common carrier. He saved a
e money » with which he bought a piece of kersey cloth, and sent

London by one of the carriers ; who sold it to great advantage :
m similar returns he bought as many kerseys as would load a
ree, with which he went himself to London, where he continued

1 he had acquired, sufficient fortune to begin a manufactory of
iseys at Tivertpn. The fortune that he acquired Was very great.
is liberality was unconfined^ his bounty ^neral to animate the
(iustrious, and to reward virtue. He resided for some years in
ondon, where he died in 1601, aged 81 ; and was buri6d in the
Lurch of St. Michael Royal, 'Paternoster Row. He gave 2000/.
r the maintenance of six scholars at Oxford and Cambridge. For
list of his extensive charities^ see Prince's '' Worthies of Devon,''
id Damford's " Tiverton."

J. BRU35 ; tf ww<^// A^fifrf »i^ C/^rA:'^ '^ Marr&w of
'cdesiasti&A History ''

J. Bruen; 8vo. W. Richardson.

John Bruen,' of Stapltsford, in Cheshire^ w^ a man of consider-
le fortune, wboreeeivtd his education at Alban HiJl, ih the uni-
rsity of Oxford, where he was a gentlemaDL-commoner.' Though
was of Puritan principled, he was no slave to the narrow bigotry
a sect. He was hospitable^ generous, and charitable, and be-
^ed and admired by men of all persuasions. He was conscien-
•asly punctual in all the private and public duties of religion, and
nnity was his study and delight. He was a frequenter of the
blic sermons of these times, csdled prophecyings ; and it was his
Dstant practice to commit the substance of what he had heard to
itmg*. 06. 1626, JSJf. 65.

* See more of him in the second part of the book above mentioned. The author
^rms as, that Mr. Bmen had a serrant, named Robert Pasfield, who was " mighty
the Scriptoresy" thoogh he could neither write nor read. He was, indeed, as re-
vkable for remembering texts and sermons as Jedidiah Boxtbn for remembering
tubers. " For the help of his memory, he invented and framed a girdle of
tiler, long and large, which went twice about him. This he divided into several

304 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY

CLASS IX.

PERSONS OF GENIUS AND LEARNING, toj

ELIZABETHA, Regina, R. Houston f. ma,
Copied from the " Heroologia T for Rolfs " Lives''

Queen Elizabeth, who understood six languages, makes a
siderable figure among the learned ladies.* Her translation of
** Meditations of the Queen of Navarre/* was printed at M
in 1548; her translation of '^ Xenophon's Dialogue between Hie
and Siroonides," was first printed in 1743, in No II. of the "
laneous Correspondence." Several of her letters are in the " Syl*]
loge Epistolarum." See the '' Catalogue of Royal and Nobk|
Authors."

PHYSICIANS.

DR. WILLIAM GILBERT, physician to Queeu

Elizabeth ; from an original picture in the BodiM
Library^ Oxford, Clamp sc. 4to.

Dr. William Gilbert was bom at Colchester in Essex in 1540.
His father Hieron Gilbert was recorder of that town, who having
educated his son at the grammar-school, sent him to Cambridge
Having studied physic there for some time, he travelled abroad f*
farther improvement, and in one of the foreign universities had the
degree conferred on him of M. D. He returned to England with a
most enlarged reputation for his learning in general ; and had espe-
cially the character of being profoundly skilled in philosophy and

parts, allotting every book in the Bible, in their order, to some of these difiaoiu)
then, for the chapters, he affixed points or thongs of leather to the several divisioosi
and made knots by fives or tens thf^eupon, to dbtinguish the chapters of that book;
and by other points he divided me chapters into their particular contents or vencsi
as occasion required. This he used instead of pen and ink, in bearing sermonti
and made so good use of it, that, coming home, he was able by it to repeat tbe
sermon, quote the texts of scripture, &c. to his own great comfort, and to the be
nefit of others ; which girdle Master Bruen kept after his death, hang it up in 1>b
study, and would merrily call it The Girdle of Verity."
* See Roger Ascham's Works, p. 242. 272.

VV. B.

,"U-V' : I.., II ■■'H..-h..r.,, „ i.,rk //,„„,- su-.,..d

OF ENGLAND. 305

chemistry. He was elected a fellow of the College of Physicians
in London, in 1573. His. success and great reputation having in-
curred the attention of Queen Elizabeth, she sent for him to court,
appointed him her physician in ordinary, and gave him, besides, an
annual pension to encourage him in his studies.

. Dr. Gilbert is highly conspicuous for being the first who disco*
Tered several of the properties of the loadstone. In 1600 he pub-
lished his treatise '' De Magneti, Magnetisque Gorporibus, et de
xnagno Magnete tellune Physiologia Nova;" ue. ** Of the Magnet
and Magnetical Bodies, and of that great Magnet the Earth." This
work is the first regular system on. this curious subject ; and in this
piece our author shews the use of the declination of the magnet,
which had been discovered by Norman in finding out the latitude ;
for which purpose he contrived two instruments for the sea.

After the death of Elizabeth, the doctor was continued as chief
physician to King James L but did not long enjoy that honour,
paying his last debt to nature,' November 30, 1603. His body was
interred in- Trinity church at Colchester, the place of his nativity.

By his last will he left all his library, consisting of books, globes,
instruments, &c. and a cabinet of minerals, to the College of Phy-
sicians.

WILLIAM B ULLEYN, physician ; a wood j>rint ;
profile; long beard: from his ^^ Government of Health,''
1648; Svo. with his initials W. B.

William Bulleyn ; copt/ by W. Richardson.

There is a whole length of him cut in wood, with four
English verses. It belongs to his works in folio.

WiLHELMus BuLLEN, M. D. &c. F. WiL Stukeley,
1122% floruit 1570; smdil.

William Bulle3rn was a physician of great learning and experi-
ence, and a very eminent botanist. He travelled over a considerable
part of Germany and Scotland, qhiefly with a view of improving
himself in the knowledge of plants; and was not only familiarly
acquainted with the names aiid characters of English vegetables,
but was also well skilled in their virtues.* He read the Oreek,

• The knowledge of plants is usually limited to their names and clasies, without
attending to their virtues. But the greatest .lovers of the^deUghtful study of botany
VOL. !• 2 R

306 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY

Roman, and Arabian authors, in his own ftu^ulty, and wrote lere-
ral medical treatises himself. The collection of his works is en-
titled, ** Bulleyn's Bulwarke of Defence against all Site
Serenes, and Woundes, that doe daily assaulte Mankind; wluii
Bulwarke is kept with Hillarius the Gardener, Health the Pby*
sician, with their Chj^rurgian to help the wounded Soldiors, &c.
1562 ; fol. In this collection is his " Book of Simples,"* his "Dii-
logue betwixt Soreness and Surgery, &c«" He was an ancestor to
the late Dr. Stukeley, the antiquary. 06. 7 Jem. 1576.

RICHARD HA YDOCKE, M. D. Frontispmts

his translation of Lomazzo, or Lomatius*s " Art of
Painting j'" 1598; a pot folio.

There is a copy of this head by John Thane.

Richard Haydocke was educated at New College, in Oxford,
practised physic at Salisbury, and afternrard in London. He pub*
lisbed a translation of Lomazzo's ** Art of Painting,'* which vas
first printed at Milan, in the Italian language, 1583. Mr. Hogaitl^
fancied he saw the fundamental principle of his '< Analysis of
Beauty" in this translation, f couched in the following precept of
Michael Angelo to Marco da Sienna his scholar ; " That he should
always make a figure pyramidal, serpent-like, and multiplied by
one, two, and three."| Sir Richard Baker tells us, " that one
Richard Haydocke, of New College in Oxon, pretended to preach
in his sleep, and was by King James discovered to be an im-
postor.''^ He died in the reign of Charles I.|| See the Class of
Artists.

WILLIAM CUNYNGHAM, of Norwich, doctor
in physic, JEt, 28 ; toell cut in woody with Dioscoridess
Book of Plants opeyi before him. It is prefixed to his

must own, that a common farmer, who knows what simples will make a goo^
drench for a cow, is possessed of more valuable knowledge than a mere verbal be
tanist, who can remember all the names in a vegetable system.

• The oldest herbal in the English language is tbat by Dr. Turner, in the blac
letter, 1551 ; folio,
t See the *' Analysis." X Haydocke's " Translat." &c. p. 17. $ Chron. p. 59

II See a full account of his impostures in Wanley's Wonders of the little Worl
and in Lodge's " Illustrations," vol. iii.

'l ■

ifiis ttb Elifa J^utk-en'^ awmaiu. per am/no's
JimaCis. riAj (fx/is tc l^ooat iUa/ ({amu/}n/
^Juil matni/rrmiu'is qIo/tus madmzfwt caUs^

7'a iy HT' f?%chardpn CafileStntt t«.^fl~K'.W.

OF ENGLAND. 307

" Cosmographical Glasse, conteyning the pleasant Prin*
ciples of Cosmographie, Geographic, Hydrographiey or
Navigation"

There is a good copy of this portrait.

In the dedication, he mentions other works of his own com-
position, in astronomy and chronology ; and a commentary upon
Hippocrates de Acre, AquiSy et Regionilms, He was also author of
a Treatise of the French Disease. He executed several of the cuts
in the *' Cosmographical Glass" himself. The map of Norwich,
belonging to this book, which was printed in the black letter, folio,
1559, is curious and fine.

MARCUS RIDLEUS, Cantabrigiensis, impera-
toris Russiae archiatrus, JEt. 34, 1594 ; with coat of
arms. %

'' Missus ab Elisa Ruthenis quinque per annos,
Anglis nl desis, te vocat ilia domum.
Tute mathematicis clarus, magnetica calles,
Feeonias laudes doctus ubique capis."

A small qtuzrto print.

Mark Ridley ; from the above. W. Richardson.

■j. .' •

Mark Ridley was physician to the company of English merchants
residing in Russia, and afterward to the Russian emperor. After
his return to England, he was chosen one of the eight principals or
elects of the College of Physicians. He was author of a " Treatise
of Magnetical Bodies," in which he intimates, that longitudes
might be rectified by the nautic needle.* About the year 1617,
he published animkdversfons upon Barlow's *' Magnetical Adver-
tisement.'' See ** A'then. Oxon." I. col. 495.

a

THOMAS GALUS, Chirurgus, M. 66, 1563;
oval; cut in wood; Svo. size.

Thomas Gale is said, by Bishop Tauner,t to have been the most
celebrated surgeon of his time; and to have been educated under
Richard Ferris, princ^al surgeon to Queen Elizabeth. Yet the
same author informs us, that he was in the army of Henry VIII. at

* Vide cap. 43. . t Sec his " Bibliotjieca-"

308 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY

Muttrel (Montreuil), in 1544; and with King Philip at S,t. Quintin,
in 1557. This seems to clash with chronology; but is, however, far
from being impossible ; as Ferris might have flourished in the time
of Henry and the three subsequent reigns, without being so old as
some eminent surgeons now living. He was author of an " Enchi-
ridion of Chirurgerie," of ** An Institution of a Chirurgean,"* and
also published a collection of his own pieces in folio, 1563 ; to aU
which his head hath been prefixed. The most curious of his works
is a Herbal, consisting of such plants as are used in surgery,
with figures. He practised in London, and died in the year 1586.

J. H. (JOHN HALL, surgeon), M.35, 1564 ; 8vo.
He holds a plant in his hand. Under the head are several
Latin verses. It is before his translation of the " Chi-
rurgia Parva," of Lanfranke.

John Hall; from the above. W. Richardson.

John Hall, a surgeon of Maidstone, in Kent, wrote and trans-
lated several chirurgical treatises, of which Bishop Tanner has
given us a detail. He was also author of a book of Hymns with
musical notes.

PETER LEVEIES, holding a urinal. I.C.(hantry)
sc. Before ** The Path-way to Health^'' 1664 ; \2mo,

Peter Levens, who studied and practised both physic and sur-
gery, is styled, ** Master of Arts, of Oxon," in the title to his book,
called, " The Path-way to Health ; wherein are most excellent and
approved Medicines of great Virtue," &c. This book was first pub-
lished in 1587. Mr. Wood informs us, that the author, or rather
collector, of these receipts, who appears to have been no graduate
in physic, was some time fellow of Magdalen College, in Oxford.
Mr. Boyle's " Medicinal Experiments, or a Collection of choice
and safe Remedies," for the use of families and country-people, is
the most noted book of this kind. John Wesley hath published a
collection of receipts called " Primitive Physic," among which are
some very good ones, particularly Sir Stephen Fox*s remedy for
weak eyes. This book, by the help of the title, hath had a good
run,t particularly among the Methodists, whose faith, co-operating

* A. Treatise of Wounds made with Gonne Shot, 1563.

t The thirteenth edition, now before nic, was printed in 1768«

OF ENGLAND. 309

with nature, frequently made them whole, when Mr. Wesley had
the credit of the cure.

SIR GEORGE BAKER ; a small wood print,
whole length, standing in his laboratory; from his
second " Book of Distillations, containing sundrie excel-
lent Remedies of distilled Waters^' 1599 ; Mo.

These remedies are now neglected ; as Galenical have generally
given place to chymical medicines.

WILLIAM BIRD ; in the print with Tallis.

William Bird was the son of Thomas Bird, one of the gentlemen
of the chapel royal in the reign of King Edward the Sixth. He
received the principal part of his musical education under the cele-
brated Thomas Tallis, and was elected organist of the cathedral
church of Lincoln in 1563. Six years after he was appointed a
gentleman of the chapel royal, and was considered the finest player
on. the virginal of his time. His compositions were numerous and
of great variety. In the check-book of the chapel royal he is
styled '' the father of music." The well-known canon of ^021
Nobis, Domine, was of his composition. He died 1623, ^t, 80. ,

ENGLISH POETS.
EDMUND SPENCER. Vertue sc.

'' Anglica te vivo vixit plausitque poesis,
Nunc moritura timet te moriente mori."

Camdsk,
One of the set of Poets ; large h. sh.

Edmund Spencer. Vertue sc. 8vo.

There is a painting of him at Castle Duplin, the resi-
dence of the Earl of Kinnouly in Scotland.

Edmund Spencer; in the print with Chaucer,
Shakspeare, and Jonson.

Edmund Spencer ; in BeWs ^' Poets f' \2mo. Cooky
1777.

'fwea mi l

jponcigpPy wiio pfcmnca

to bare Aooglit die lowest defk in bis offce a Boie des

peniOD. It was Terj bard, diat a gennis wbo did bcaioar

coantiyy sbooM get less, by writing, tban a jomneyman ne

employed in printing bis works. He died in want of bread,

WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE; adarig.tab.
D. Hurley. Vertue sc. 1721 ; 4to.

William Shakespeare, &c. Vertue sq. \
Done from the original^ now in the possession of I
Keck, of the Inner Temple, esq.X large h. sh.

* Fecolijuritjr of anj kind is ftrikiDg ; and in proportion as it b so, is |
more iroitable, either in poetry or painting. It is easier to initate the st
mannerist, than the simplicity of Raphael or Foossin.

t Notes to the second book: of the Life of Henry II. p. 53.

t It has been said, that there never was an original portrait of Shakipe
that Sir Thomas Chvges, after his death, caosed a portrait to be diami
from a person who nearly resembled him. Mr. Walpole informs me* ttal
ofifhial pictnre of Shakspeare is that which belonged to Mr. Keck, firom
pissed to Mr. Nicoll, whose only daughter married the Marquis of Gil
This agrees with what is said in the " Critical Review," for December, 17;

OF ENGLAND. 311

William Shakespeare ; in the possession of John
I^coll^ of Southgate^ esq. Houbraken sc. 1747. Illust
JSead.

William Shakespeare. Zoustp. From a capital
picture in the collection of T. Wright^ painter y in Covent
Garden: J. Simon f h. sh. mezz.

This was painted in the reign of Charles II.

William Shakespeare ; with a laurel-branch in
his left hand. W. Marshall sc. Frontispiece to his
poemsy 1640; \2mo.

William Shakespeare. Ar laud del. Duchange
sc. 4to.

William Shakespeare. J.Paynesc. Heis repre-
sented with a laurel-branch in his left hand.

William Shakespeare. L.du Guernier ^c.

William Shakespeare; small; with several other
heads, before JacoVs ^^ Lives of the Dramatic PoetSy^
1719; 8w.

William Shakspeare, bom April 23, 1664, died
April 23, 1616. C. Knight. From a drawing by Ozias
Humphrey y prefixed to his ^^ Works ^'^ by Mr. MaUmCy
1790; %vo.

William Shakspear, JEf. 40 ; 8w. J. Hatl sc.
1772.

William Shakspear ; 4to. T. Trotter sc. 1794.
From the original picture. <

lation to the same portrait, which is there also said to have been " painted either by
Richard Burbage, or John Tajlor, the player, the latter of whom left it by will to
Sir William Davenant After his death, Betterton, the actor, bought it; and when
he died, Mr. Keck of the Temple gave forty guineas for it to Mrs. Barry, the
actress.*' Mr. Walpole adds, that Marshall's print i> genuine too, and probably
drawn from the life. . •

312 BIOQRAPHICAL..HI8TORY

William Shakspbar, tmth autogrcph, head ail
fanshed, from ditto. T. Trotter. te.n^A,

William Shakspear ; ovtU ito. C. Warrm ft
1806.

William SnAKaPEAE; to Hitmnier^$ editm, 4h
Gravelot sc. 1744.

WiLLiAK Shajelspeab; mezz. C. Turner^ 1815.

William-. SHAKSP£AR;m Har£ng*8 *i Shakspear*
LtGoux ic.

William Shakespearb, mth the heads of Jonm^
Sfc h. sh^ mezz.

Thoagh Shakspeare be a writer of a mixed chanuster, he?nl
evisr be timked m the first class of our EnglisE poets. Hb beas-
ties are his owii> audi in the strictest sense, original. The fitmlti
found in him are chiefly those of the age in which he lived, b»
transcribers, aitad his editors. He not only ezoeUed in copying
nature, but his imagination carried him beyond it. He had all the
creative powers of fancy to form new characters ;* and was more
an original genius than any other writer. He, like other great poets,
has had the felicity of having his faults admired, for the sake of bis
beauties. See the next reign.

JOHN DONNE, M. 18. Marshall sc. Frontis-
piece to his Poems, 1635 ; l2mo.

John Donne, styled by Mr. Dryden " the greatest wit, tbougli
not the greatest poet of our nation," wrote on various subjects;
but his greatest excellency was satire. He had a prodigioas rich-
ness of fancy ; but his thoughts were much debased by his versi-
fication. Drummond, the famous Scottish poet, affirmed to Ben
Jonson, that he wrote his best pieces before he was twenty-five
years of age if

" 'Twas then plain Donne in honest Tengeance rose*
His wit hannonioas, but his rhyme was prose.*'

Dr. Bbowm's Essay on Satire.

* His Caliban, Fairies, &c . .

t Or, rather, Ben Jonson affirmed to Drummond. — Lqbd Hailbs.

S'^ John HajTiri()ti'n

MWA^/.0!y^miA>T^£' y.^ffouf^S^fhijj.,,

OF ENGLAND. 313

3 was for a considerable time after his marriage, a sojourner at
•'rancis Vooley's house at Pirford, in Surrey. Winstanley says,
a.s in prison when he wrote ''Done and Undone," after his
and his wife's name. See Brit. Biog. IV. 244 ; Winstanley,
9; Floyd's Bibliotheca; Biog* British, B. IV. p. 369. N.~
:lie next reign, Class IV. and IX.

»HILLIPPUS SIDNEYUS. Van Hove sc.

lis accomplished gentleman seems to have been the delight
admiration of the age of Elizabeth, rather for the variety than
preatness of his genius>. He that was the ornament of the uni-
ity, was also the ornament of the court; and appeared with
^ advantage in a field of battle, or at a tournament; in a private
versation among his friends, or in a public character as' an am-
Bador. His talents were equally adapted to prose or verse, to
:inal composition or translation. His ** Arcadia'' was not only
:iired for its novelty, but continued to be read longer than such
^positions usually are, and has passed through fourteen editions.
3 reader will find the l^mguage of the. Arcadia incomparably
ter than the afiected pedantic style of lill/s f' Euphues,*' which
much read aild admired by the ladies at court'in this reign. He
I* the 16th of Oct. 1585. See Lord Lyttelton's Henry II.
3. 359—62.

SIR JOHN HARRINGTON ; with a watch lying
t table ; a small oval, engraved byWm. Rogers: in the
e to his translation of ** Orlando Furioso,'' 1591 ;

3iR John Harrington; a copy of the above.
Richardson.

Sir John Harrington, knight; JEtatis sua 50;
ir English verses y ** His Body's here,'' Sgc. scarce.
There is another print of him by Thomas Cockson,
^ore a later edition of his " Translation of Ariosto."

[here were two original pictures of him in the possession of the
i Dr. Harrington of Bath, who was lineally descended from him.

* <* Ennobled by himselfi by all approved,

Frais'd, wept, and honour*d, by the muse he lov'd." — Pope.

^OL. 1. 2 S

314 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY

Sir John Harrington had, m his time, a y^ry consiberable refpa-
tation as a poet and translator, and was also noted for his ready wit
He -was author of four books of epigrams, which were printed after
his decease. His '' Translation of Ariosto" was published in Ui
lifetime, with cuts.* His genius was thought to be better suited
to epigram, than heroic poetry. He was godson to Queen ElizabeA.
— Granger's Letters, p. 269.

GEORGE GASCOIGNE; in armour; ruff; large
beard ; on his right hand a musket and bandeleers ; on
his left, books, Sgc. ; underneath, *' Tam Marti, quam
Mercurio.''

George GAscoioiiiE; wood-cut. Machel Stace.

George Gascoigne. F^^y sc. very neat.

George Gascoigne, a gentleman of a good education, served
with reputation in the wars in the Low Countries ; and after his
return to England, distinguished himself by his writings in prose
and verse. He published several books of poems with fantastic
titles, namely, ''Flowers," ** Herbs," " Weeds," &c. Among which
are several dramatic pieces. He was esteemed the best love-poet
of his age. There is a pamphlet in the black letter, entitled, '^ A
Remembrance of the well-employed Life and godly End of George
Gascoigne, esq. who deceased at Stamford, in Lincolnshire, Oct. 7,
1577," by George Whetstone, gent. This contradicts the date of
his death in the '' Athenee Oxonienses." See ** Reliques of ancient
Enghsh Poetry," ii. p. 136, 2d edit The print of him is prefixed
to his " Steele Glass, a Satire," Lond. 1576 ; 4to. before which are
commendatory verses by Walter Rawley, and others. Oh. 1578.

THOMAS NASH; small whole length, in fetters;
wood-cut y 'prefixed to *' The Trimming of Thomas
Nash, gent. 1597.

Thomas Nash ; from the above. W. Richardson.
Thomas Nash ; in an oval. J. Thane.

Thomas Nash was born at Leostoff, in Suffolk; he received his
education at St. John's College, in the university of Cambridge,

* See the preface to this work.

jOP ENGLAND. 315

^"^^te he took the degree 6f B. A. 1585. He was the companion
1^ intimate of that libertine R. Green. His « Prince Pennyless,"
^B'^gfa wrote with spirit, breathes despair and disappointment.
J"* i said to have become very pious, before his death, and wrote
^Christ's Tears over Jerusalem." He wrote three dramatic pieces;
*•• Dido, Queen of Carthage ; Summer's Last Will and Testament;
*^d The Isle of Dogs ; though his principal talent was satire. He
^^ engaged in a violent paper war with Dr. Gabriel Harvey, and
* supposed to have died about the year 1600.

SCOTCH POETS.

GEORGE BUCHAJf AN. ^.Pourbusp. J. Hon-
f^aken sc. 1 74 1 . In the collection of Dr. Mead. Illmt.
-Head.

. Georgius Buck ana nus, JEt. 76. Esme de Bou-
^onoisf. 4to.

Another by the same hand, JEt. 77, A. sh.

Georgius Buchananus. J. C. H.f. A copy from
the above; in Boissard; Ato.

" Georgius BucHANANus. JR. V. S. F. in a cypher;
J2mo.

■ _

Georgius Buchananus. R. White sc. h. sh.

There is a mean print of him by Clarke^ small %vo.
or \2mo.

George Buchanan, ^. 76. R. Cooper.

George Buchanan ; six verses. M. F. 8w.

George Buchanan. Granthome.

George Buchanan ; in Freherus.

George Buchanan, a very celebrated Scottish poet and historian,
who in both those characters has happily emulated the simplicity
uid beauty of the ancients, was preceptor to James VI. The most
ipplauded of his poetical works is his Translation of the Psalms, par-

316 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY

ticularly of the CIV* His History of Scotland, in which he \m li
treated the character of Mary, the mother of his royal pupil, witii |ri
great freedom, has been read in the schools in that kingdom as a
Latin classic.f Ob. 28 Sept. 1582, ^t. 76. Ii

Buchanan came into England in the reign of Edward VI. ; bat It
soon left the kingdom, and retired to France, where he found that p
studious leisure and undisturbed tranquillity which he had in Yaia i
sought for here, in the minority of the king.

JACOBUS CRITONIUS, Salminkio sc. octavo
size: in the " Museum Historicum' of Lnperialis.
Poorly executed, but most probably authentic. A print
of him was engraved by J. Hall, for the secofid part of
Mr. Pennant's " Tour in Scotland. '^ The drawing was
taken from a picture in the possession of Lord EUock, a
lord of the session at Edinburgh. This is a copy, by a
grandson of Sir John Medina^ from the original^ in the
possession of Mr. Graham^ of Airth.

The Admirable Crichton ; from a painting at
Frendraucht. Rivers sc. 1795.

There is a genuine picture of him in the possession of Mr. Alex-
ander Morrison, of Bagnie, in the county of Bamff, in Scotland. It

* This Psalm has been translated mto Latin by nine Scottish poets. Eight of
Ihew tftntlatioBS were printed at Edingbargh, 1699, 12mo. together* with the
** Poetic DmI" of Dr. George Eglisem with Buchanan. The former accused tbit
§n«t poet oC bad Latin, and bad poetry, in bis version of this Psalm, and made no
icnple of preferring hb own tnuudation of it to Buchanan's. The ■* Consilium
Colte g ii Medici Paiisiensis de Bfania G. Eglisemii, quam prodidit Scripto,''^is well
worth the reader't perusal for its pleasantry : it is prefixed to the " Poetic Duel''
The idntfa Latm translation of the CIV. Psalm was by the famous Dr. Pitcaime.
It was pnbfiahed in the name of Walter Danniston. There is an admired versaon
of thb Psalm in E ng lish by Blacklock, a poet of the same nation, who was bora
himd. See his Poems poblished by Mr. Spence.

t The <« History of Scotland," by Dr. Robertson, has added to the number of
oar Aigltsh classics.

t The CoMifiiim b by Arthur Johnston, M.D. the best part is the Epitois tf Sl
"•■^ The poen is laoch too long, and has great affectation of learning ; tlioagh»
i**«fcapt, tWt alio BMiy he satiricaL — Loan Hailed.

OF ENGLAND. 317

ie supposed that this portrait was sent from Italy, by himself, to
Viscount Fendraught, the chief of the family of Crichton.*

This amazing genius seems to have surprised and astonished
mankind like a new northern star. He, together with an athletic
strength and singular elegance of form, possessed the various
powers of the human mind in their full force, and almost every
acquired talent that could recommend the man, or adorn the gen-
tleman. One would imagine that he was master of the art for which
Raymond Lully is said to have been distinguished ; that of talking
readily upon subjects which he did not understand : but he disputed
with adepts and learned doctors, and foiled literary champions at
their own weapons. If all that is said of him by authors of cha-
racter be true, he is much better entitled to the appellation of
Phoenix than John Picus Mirandula ; but the elevation and exten-
sion of the genius of this wonderful man appears to have been
** more a flight than a growth. If he had lived longer, and written
iDore,t it is probable that his works would not, like those of his
countryman Buchanan, have continued unimpaired by time. Crich-
ton shot up like the mountain pine ; Buchanan rose slowly like the
oak4 The one is rather an object of temporary admiration ; the
other retains its strength and beauty, after it hath stood the shock
of ages. It is probable, that the great qualities of Crichton served
to precipitate his fate. Vicencio de Gonzaga, prince of Mantua,
his pupil, prompted by jealousy or envy, basely attacked and bru.
tally murdered him, in the street, in the time of Carnival, in the
year 1583, and the twenty-second^ year of his age. If the reader
should, in a collective view, consider what is said of him by Impe-
rialis, in his '^ Museum ;" by Mackenzie, in his '^ History of Scotch
Writers;" by Bishop Tanner, in his ** Bibliotheca ;" and by Dr.

* See Pennant's *' Tour in Scotland," p. 125.

t Dr. Samuel Johnson informed me, that two copies of verses, one, at least, of
which is in the " DeUcuc Foetarum Scotorum" are the only known pieces of
Crichton. Bishop Tanner is, perhaps, nustaken, in attrihoting several books to
him, which belong to another writer of the same name.

X " Crevit oeculto velut arbor m)o**

$ Sir Thomas Urquhart, in a very scarce book, entitled " The Discovery of a
most exquisite Jewel," &c. Lond. 1652, in which he gives a long and very wonder-
ful account of Crichton* says he was killed in the thirty-second year of his age.||

H That strange book is a greater curiosity than Crichton was ; the language more
bombast than the marvels attributed to his hero. The account of hu intrigue and
dei^th is a compound of gravity and obscenity. — Lord Obfobd.

318 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY

Hawkesworth, ia " The Adventurer ;" he will find full enough to
exerciHe hi> faith, though mankind be naturally fond of the marvel-
lous, and ever willing to stretch their faculties to the utmost to
reconcile it with truth.

ALEXANDER BODIUS, Bonil. Christi liber,
M. 33, an. 1596.

Hie ego qui tacitus video meliora proboque,
Non odiosa sequor.
T. de Leu f. It is Tab. 10. of Sir Robert Sibbai^i '
" jprodromus Historic Naturalis Scotue" whence the
following article is extracted. The inscription on the
print alludes to his being set at liberty at Thoulouse,
after a tedious confinemaii, which was occasioned by a
popular insurrection in that city.

Alexander BoDtus, enlarged from the last hg
Donaldson; engraved by Beugo; prefia^edto his Life in
quarto.

Hark Alexander Boyd,* iHio was comparable, if not equal, to
the admirable Crichton,t was bom in Galloway, on the 13th
day of January, 1562, and came mto the world with teeth. He
teamed the rudimBnts of the Latin and Greek languages at Glasgow,
■nder two grammaritiw, but was of so high and intractable a
spirit, that they despttired of ever making him a scholar. Having
quarrelled with his maaters, he beat tbem both, burnt his books,
and forswore learning. While he was yet a youth he followed tlie
court, anil did his utmost to push his interest there ; but the fer-
is temper soon precipitated him into qnarrels, from which
AoBlridi honour and safety, though frequently at the hazard
' H the approbation of bis friends, went to serve
my. and carried his little patrimony with hiioi
poled at p\ay. He was shortly afler roused by

.Bojd, wtio wai t\itA ion ot Adam Boyd, of I%ikluJI,

Bo^i^. arclib'ubopaf Glugow, vu • joDDgeraun of

"^^jj ,bo vtu descended {ram the lune femilj nilh Muk

''^^(iit ticrai a miuiviscilpt m hl» poMeuion, Md iittCTtBd itin

^olwulii SoMi*-" IJ**- "L P""- '"■ P- '— *■

OF ENGLAND. 319

tb&l emulatioti which is natural to great minds, and applied him-
self to letters with unremitted ardour, till he became One of the
most consummate scholars of the age. His parts were superior to
his learning, as is abundantly testified by his writiogs in print and
manuscript. The Greek and Latin were as familiar to him as his
mother ton^e. He could readily dictate to three scribes in as many
difierent languages and subjects* He had an easy and happy vein
of poetry, wrote elegies in the Ovidian manner, and his hymns were
thought to be superior to those of any other Latin poet.* He wrote
a great number of other poems in the same language, and translated
Csesar's Commentaries into Greek, in the style of Herodotus : this
translation was never printed. His other manuscripts on philolo-
gical, political, and historical subjects, in Latin and French, are
.enumerated by the author of his Life, who tells us that he was the
best Scottish poet of his age ; and that, as a writer in his native
language, h6 was upon a level witli Ronsard and Petrarch. He
was tall, compact, and well-proportioned in his person; his coun-
tenance Was beautiful, sprightly, and engaging ; he had a noble
air ; and appeared to be the accomplished soldier among men of
the sword, and as eminently the scholar among those of the gown.
He spent the greatest part of his unsettled life ib France, biit died
at Pinkhill, his father's seat, in April, 1601, about the thirty.eighth
or thirty-ninth year of his age.

T hat sun.

Which not alone the southern wit sublimes,
But ripens spirits in cold northern climes*

seems to have shed as great influence on Scotland in the sixteenth
century as it hath in the present age. I have proceeded to an un-
usual length in this article of Boyd, as he is mentioned by none of
bur English writers.

MISCELLANEOUS AUTHORS.

RALPH (or Rafe) BROOK, esq. York-herald,
died 15 Oct. 1625, aged 73 ; ruff; heralds coat; Ato.

• Olans Borrichius, a very eminent and judicious critic, at p. 150, of his ** Dif-
j^rtettonet Aeademieit d$ Poetif,'* spoOukig of Boyd, sajs, " In Mare9 AUxaaadro
Bodio, Seoto, redivivum tpedamut Natonem ; ea ut in gutdem EpittolU Hercidum,
hue, candor, dextmtas." He speaki as highly of his Hymns in heroic verse.

320 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY

Ralph Brook, who naturally follows Camden as his antagonist,
discovered many errors, in relation to pedigrees, in the ** Britan-
nia/' which he offered to communicate to the author ; but his offer
was waved, and he was superciliously treated. Upon this, urged
by personal resentment, he sedulously applied himself to a tho-
rough examination of that celebrated work, and published a dis-
covery of the errors which he found in the fourth edition of it. This
book, in which Mr. Camden is treated with very little ceremony, or
even common decency, was of great use to him in the fifth editiooi
published in 1600. Brook's '* Second Discovery of Errors," to which
his head is prefixed, was published in 4to. 1723, about a century
after his decease.

WILLIAM LAMBARDE, of Kent, esq. Ob.
M. 66, 1601. Yertm sc. 1730 ; h. sh.

William Lambarde, &c. Verttie sc. Frontispiece
to his ** Alphabetical Description of the Chief Places
in England and Wales;'' the same plate as thejirst, re-
duced to a quarto.

William Lambarde; Ato(Dorrell) sc. In Mai-
colm's *' Lives of Antiquaries,'^ Ato. 1816.

William Lambarde, a learned and industrious antiquary, was au-
thor of the '' Archaionomia, sive de priscis Anglorum Legibus,*^
1568 ; 4to. and of the " Perambulation of Kent," 1570. He care-
fully collected many of the old MSS. which were in the Cotton
library, and was the founder of an almshouse at Greenwich. His
^' Archaionomia," which is his capital performance, is a translation
of the Anglo-Saxon laws, which had been translated more justly,
but less elegantly, by John Brompton.* This work of Lambarde
was begun by Lavnrence Nowel, dean of Litchfield.

JOHN STOW, historian and antiquary. Vertuesc.
A bust, from his monument in the church of St. Andrew
Undershaft ; large h. sh. The tvhole monument was
engraved by Sturt, for his Survey.

John Stow ; 4to. T. (Trotter) sc. In Malcolm's
* Lives of Antiquaries^" 4to. 1816.

* Preface to Gibson's " Cbronicon Saxonicum," p. 4.

OF ENGLAND. 321

JoHK Stow, writing; from his monumenty Ato.
W. Smith, 1792.

John Stow, who was bred a tailor> quitted his occupation, to
pursue his beloved study of the history and antiquities of England,
to which he had an invincible propensity. He was not only inde-
fatigable in searching for ancient authors and MSS. Of all kinds
relating to English history, but was also at the pains of tran-
scribing many things with his own hand. As his studies and col-
lections engrossed his whole attentioui he, in a few years, found
himself in embarrassed circumstances^ and was under a necessity
of . returning to his trade ; but was enabled by the generosity of
Archbishop Paricer to resume his studies. His principal works are
his *^ Survey of London ;" a book deservedly esteemed ; his '^ Ad-
ditions to Hollinshed's Chronicle," «nd his '' Annals.'' The folio
volume, commonly called ''Stow's Chronicle," was compiled from
his papers after his decease, by E. Howes. Our author. Stow, had
a principal hand in two improved editions of Chaucer's Works,
published in this reign. Ob. 5 April, 1605, ^t, 80.

HUMPHREY LLOYD (or Lhuyd), of Denbigh,
esq. antiquary, 1661. J. Faber f. 1717 ; h. sh. mezz.
scarce.

Humphrey Lloyd; Ato. Birrell sc.

HuMPHRkY Lloyd. Bandsc.

Humphrey Lloyd ; in " Biographical Mirrour''
Clamp sc.

Humphrey Lluyd ;/ro7W an original picture painted
by Marc Gerrard^ 4to. Wilkinson exc.

Humphrey Lluyd (or Lloyd), only son of Robert Lluyd, by Joan
his wife, daughter of Lewis Pigot. This gentleman, who may be
considered as one of the founders of the modem antiquarian school,
or who, in other words, was one of the first students that endea-
voured to divest the study of antiquities of its irrational fables and
superstitions, was born in the town of Denbigh, where his father
resided, and was educated in the university of Oxford ; where he
took the degree of bachelor of arts in 1647, and that of master in
1551 ; at which latter date he was a member of Brawn-Nose Col-

VOL, I. 2 T

322 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY

lege. He was designed for the medical profession, and for some
time practised it in his native town ; but was, probably, detached
from it by a marriage above his rank and expectations with Barbara,
sister and heir to John, 16rd Lumley. He passed the remainder of
his life in his favourite studies, the historical antiquities of Wales,
and the theory of medicine ; and has left us the following worb:
'< Commentarioli Britannicse Descriptionis Fragmentdm/' pmblished

^in 1572 ; as was a translation of it in the following year, under the
title of " The Breviary of Britain ;" " De Armamehtario Romano,*'

* 1573 ; '' Chronicon Walliae, a Rege Cadwalladero usque ad 1294."
He translated from the Latin '* The History of Cambria, now -called
Wales," 1584 ; and wrote two medical tracts, *^ The Judgement of
Urines," 1551; and "The Treasure of Health," 1586. It has been
said, erroneously as it should seem from the above dates, that he died
in the year 1570; apointwhich might probably be cleared up by re-
ference to th^ parish register of Whitchurch, near Denbigh, where
he was buried, and where a monument was erected to his fiiemory.
— He had three sons ; of whom one only left issue, Henry ; whose
great gi*andson, Robert Lumley Lloyd, D. D. rector of St, Paul's
Covent'Garden, in 1723, unsuccessfully prosecuted in the House of
Peers, a claim to the ancient barony of Lumley, in right of descent
from Barbara, the wife of Humphrey Lloyd, the subject of this
article.

The ancient Society of Antiquaries, in the list of whom are many
great and respectable names,* was erected in this reign. In the
next, their assemblies were interrupted ; as James looki^ upon this
learned body as a formidable combination against his prerogative.

THOMAS BODL^US,&c. M.Burgherssc.h.sh.
From the original at Oxford.

At the four corners of this print are the heads of William, earl of
Pembroke, Archbishop Laud, Sir Kenelm Digby, and Mr. Selden,
who were benefactors to tTie Bodleian library.f *

Thomas Bodleius, miles; ex marmore quod in
BibL Bodl. posuit CI. Th. Sackvilliis, com. Dorset.
Acad. Cane. — Idem; ex effigie in Xysto BibL BodL
two small ovals J in one head-piece. M. Burghers sc.

ft

* See the list in " Biograph. Britan." Artie. Aoard.

t This is the frontispiece to the Catalogue of that library.

OF ENGLAND. 323

Sir Thomas Bodley ; in the " Oxford Almanack,''
1737.

,- Sir Thomas Bodley. E. Scriven. From the ori-
^nal of Cornelius Janson, in the Bodleian Gallery, Ox-
ford, in Mr. Lodge's '^ Illustrious Portraits"

. Sir Thomas Bodley merited much as a man of letters; but in-,
comparably more, in the ample provision he has made for literature,
^tt which he stands unrivalled. In 1599, he opened his library, a,
. Iiausoleum which will perpetuate his memory as long as books them-
, selves endure. He drew up the statutes himself for the regulation
of this his library, and wrote memoirs of his own life. Hearne, in
his ^' Camdeni Elizabetha," hks published ''An Account of an
Agreement between Q. Elizabeth and the United Provinces, wherein
she supported them, and they stood not to thei^ agreement ; written
by Sir Thomas Bodley." Ob. 28 Jan. 1612.

JOHN- DEE ; a small square, inscribed, " Doctor
Dee avoucheth his stone to be brought by angelical
ministry'^

Dr. John Dee. Harding del. Scheneker sculp. In
Lysons's " Environs."

Dr. John Dee; from the original picture in the
Ashmolean Museum J ornamented frame ; Aio. Clamp sc.

John Dee was a man of extensive learning, particularly in the
mathematics, in which he had few equals ; but he was vain, credu-
lous, and enthusiastic. He was deep in astrology, and strongly
tinctured with the superstition of the Rosicrusians, whose dreams
he listened to with eagerness, and became iEis great a dreamer him-
self as any of thg^t fraternity. He appefrs to have been, by turns,
a dupe and a cheat ; but acquired prodigious reputation, and was
courted by the greatest princes in Europe, who thought that in
possessing him they should literally possess a treasure : he was of-
fered large pensions by the emperors Charles V., Ferdinand, Maxi-
milian, Rodolph, and the czar of Muscovy.* He travelled over
^eat part of Europe, and seems to have been revered by many per-
sons of rank and eminence, as being of a superior order. He pre-

* See Heame's <' Appendix to Joh. Glastoniensis Cbron." p. 505.

324 BIOGRAPHICAt HISTORY

tended that a black stone, or speculum, which be made great use
of, was brought him by angels, and that he was particularly in^
mate with Raphael and Gabriel.

Dr. Dee died yery poor at Mortlake, in Surrey, in the year 1608,
and the eighty-first of his age.

" The black stone into which Dr. Dee used to caH his spirite*'
was in the collection of the earls of Peterborough, whence it came
to Lady Elizabeth Germaine. It was next the property of the late
Duke of Argyle, and is now at Strawberry-hill. It appears, upon
examination, to be nothing but a polished piece of cannel coaL
But this is what Butler means, when he says,

Kelly did ail his feats upon
The devil's looking-glass, a stone.

Hod. Part II. cant iii. v. 691, 2.

See '^ A true and faithful Relation of what pass^ed for man;
years between Dr. John Dee and some Spirits :" London; 1659, fol.
It is observable, from the analogy of style, that the discourses of
the true and false angels were composed by the same hand*

EDWARD KELLY, prophet or seer ta Doct<yr
Dee, holding a book with planetary figures in his. hand:
it it inscribed " Trithemiits.'' These prints are com-
panionSy before Casaubon's " Relation concernir^ IkCy'

Edward Kelly was bom at Worcester, and bred Xo the h^ipef^
of an apothecary : he is sometimes called Talbot, and wa9 a great
proficient in chemistry. He pretended to haye tjie ^and elixir (or
philosopher's stone) ; which Lilly, in hiSt Life, says he made, or at
least received ready made, from a friar in Germany, where he tra-
velled with Dr. Dee, at 50/. per annum, as his chief seer, or skyror,
as he calls him ; and is said to have written down what came from
the qiouths of the angels or demons that appeared in the speculum.
His reputation as a. Rosicrusian was equal at least to that of Dr.
Dee. — Kelly was knighted by the Emperor Rudolph at Prague. —
Prince Rosenberg, the emperor's viceroy in Bohemia, was^ oftep
with him and Dr. Dee at their apparitions ; as was also the King of
Poland himself. But Lilly says, he was so wicked, that the angels
would not appear to him willingly. He offered, to raise up devils
befbre Aleski', palatine of Poland, June 19, 1581. His spirits told
bim, 1^4, thq,t h^ fh9i44 d^ a yiplent d^thi-r'iW^v^ says he

OF ENGLAND. 325

^ ears at Lancaster, and raised a dead body by necromancy*
was, by order of the Emperor Rudolph, confined for his iropru-
^^jfi/^t conduct, and died in 1595, occasioned by a fall in endeavour-'
^^JS to escape out of a window. — He wrote a poem on chemistry,
v^ one on the philosopher's stone, printed in " Theateum Chymi-
Britannicum."

. JOHN 3LAGRAVE ; a small head, D. L. (oggan)

J^^^^ci^. In the engraved title to *^ Planispherium Catho-

"cum^ quod vulgo dicitur The Mathematical Jewel,^

^c. Loi^d. supaptibus Joseph! Moxon, 4to. The editor

yHis John Palmer^ M. A. lohose head is also in the title.

There is another small head of the former in a ruff. His

^ fortrait is in the possession of George Blagrave, esq. of

' BuUmarsh Court.

m

John Blagrave, of Southcote, near Reading, in Berkshire, was
the secojsd son of John Blagrave, of BuUnxarsh Court, near the viU
]a|pe of Sunning, in that county. He was a man of a strong head
and a benevolent heart, and had the honour of being an inventive
genius. This excellent mathematician did not pursue phantoms,
like Dee and Kelly, but reduced his speculations to practice ; and
his iVi^nd^, bis. neighboursi and the public, reaped the fruits of his
studies, HU '' Mathematical Jewel," which is in a great measure
W original work, is his capital perfor«aance. He cut the figures
fox this book with his own hand, and they are well executed.* This
gefntleoian, wbo possessed an independent fortune, was not only
^^tinguifthed by his knowledge in mathematics ; he was, and is
stiJU, kilQ^n lor his judicious charities. He died the 9th of August^
ISllf^t. 61^ and liea buried in St. Laurence's church, in Reading,
jfb/^Ke a fine BAonunient was erected to his memory. See more of
hlTOy and Doctor Dee, in the *^ Biographia Britannica.*'

JOHN QEjlARPE; engraved bi/ Wimam Rogers,
for the first edk. of his ^^ Herbal.''

* la ^^ Db^arse tp the Header, before his *^ Mi^fhematical Jewel/' he expresses
himself thas : " Nerer give over at the first, though ai^ thiog seeme hard ; rathqr
si0^e a Ultle V^^ • <^^ K you desire to b^ excellent perfile in yoar iostrument,
i^brldg^ my whole, worke, afic| you shall find it will stand j(oa more stecde than
twenty times r$;i4}fU;*. - 1^ M^^P (tlwajs ^one so with anj^ booke I like4«"

326 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY

John Geraude ; engraved by Payne^for Johnsons
edition of the sanie book.

John Gerarde, a surgeon in London, was the gpreatest English
botanist of his time. He was many years retained as chief gardener
to Lord Burleigh, who was himself a great lover df plsAts, and had
the best collection of any nobleman in the kingdom : among these
were many exotics, introduced by Gerarde. In 1597, he published
his '' Herbal/' which was printed at the expense of J« Norton, who
procured the figures from Franldbrt, which were originally cut for
Tabermontanus's '' HerbaP in High Dutch. In 1633, Thomas
Johnson, an apothecary, published an improved edition of Gerarde's
book, which is still much esteemed.* The descriptions in this
Herbal are plain and familiar; and both these authors have laboured
more to make their readers understand the characters of the plants,
than to give them to understand that they knew any thing of Greek

or Latin.

•

ROGER AS CHAM; a small wJmle length ;readir^
a letter to Queen Elizabeth. In the engraved title to
Mr. ElstoVs edition of his '' Epistles y^' M. Burghers sc.
Copied by W. Richardson.

Roger Ascham, wha was bom at North AUerton, in Yorkshire,
and educated at St. John!s College, in Cambridge, was one of the
brightest geniuses and politest scholars of his age. He was public
orator of the university of Cambridge, and Latin secretary to Ed*
ward VI., Queen Mary, and Queen Elizabeth; the last of whom he
taught to write a find hand, and instructed in the Greek and Latin
languages, of which he was a consummate master. His letters are
valuable both for style and matter, and are almost the only classi-
cal work of that kind written by an Englishman.f The most peifect

* Thomas Johnson, who, for his labours in this work, was honoured with a doctor
of physic's degree, by the university of Oxford, was lient col. to Sir Mannadake
Rawdon, goremor of Baslng-bonse, in the civil wars. He set fire to the Grange
near that fortress, which consbted of twenty houses, and killed and burnt aboat
three hundred of Sir William Waller's men, wounded five hundred more, and Xivk
arms, ammunition, and provision, from the enemy. He died in Sept. 1644, of a
wound which he received in a sally from the garrison.

t Daniel George Morhoff speaks thus of him, at p. 283 of his " Polyhistor. Li-
terarius," published by the learned John Albert Fabricius : ** Rogerus Ascbamos,
Anglus, Regine Elizabethsa fuit a Latinis Epistolis, ciijus Epistolas Thuands ele-

OF ENGLAND. 327

collection, of them, which may be still enlarged, was that published
>y Mr. Elstob ; but he had omitted the author's poems, which are
Printed in other editions. His '' Schoolmaster*' abounds with great
3^ood sense, as well as knowledge of ancient and modem history ;
it is also expressive of the great humanity of the author, who was
for making the paths of knowledge as level and pleasant as possi-
ble, and for trying every gentle method of enlarging the mind and
irinningthe heart. His *' Toxophilus,*' a treatise of shooting in the
long-bow, of which he was very fond, is rather whimsical. He seems
to think, that a man who would be a complete archer, should have
as great* a compass of knowledge as he possessed himself. He died
the 4th of January, 1569.

' THOMAS HILL, JEt. 42; a small oval, cut in
wood.

He was author of " The Contemplation of Man^inde ; contayn-
ing a singular Discourse, after the Art of Physio'gnomie, on all the
Members and Partes of Man; from the Head to the Foot, in a more
ample Manner than h<^herto hath been published," 1 57 1 , small 8vo.
or 12mo. This frivolous writer hath given the reader his own head
to contemplate in the title to his book.

AN AUTHOR AND ACTOR.

RICHARD TARLTON ; in a cloums dress, playing
on his pipe and beating his drum ; in Harding* s '* Bio-
graphical Mirrour.^ The original is in the title-page to
Tarlton's " Jests,' 1611; wood-cut ; of which there is a
copy the same size 12mo.

Richard Tarlton, born at Condover, in the county of Salop, was
brought to London by a servant of Robert, earl of Leicester, who
found him in a field keeping his father's swine: being highly
pleased with his answer, he took him under his patronage, and in-
troduced him to court. He performed at the Bull theatre in Bi-
sbopsgate-street, and acted the part of the judge in the play of

gantissime icriptas judicat. Pene unas e gente Anglica e&t cujus stylos veterem
Latinitatem sapit Com Joanne Stormio singalarem coloit amicitiani ; cajus exem-
plo eiectas, etegans dicendi genas sectatns est.''

330

BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY

phecieo. In the upper part is heaven opened, and the Etei
Fadier in the midst of a large group of seraphs, vith his right h
extended, in a posture of benediction, and grasping a. gtobe
left. Next below him is the Holy Ghost ; and on each »de \
the several orders of angels, supported by clonds, singing, T
playing on various instmments of music. Just without the m
circle of the arch, on the right and left, are Adam and Eve ■«
conspicuous, in melanclioly postures ; intimating tbat the b
the Messi^ was for the redemption of fallen man. Tfaeie itf
fine print of this painting by ComeUus Cort, in two sheets, ISf
04. 1602.

HENRY CORNELIUS UROOM. Is. Otiv

T. Chambers sc. 4to. In the " Ana:dotes of Painth^
His head is also in tfie set of Painters, engraved i
Heti. Hondius.

Uroom, who was a native of Haarlem, was employed by 1
Howard of Effingham, afterward Earl of Nottingham, ii
the designs of the tapestry, now in the House of Lords ; in whi(^
represented the history of the engagements with the :
Armada. There is a fine set of prints of this tapestry published tr
Pine, in 1739.

MARC GARRARD ; sc ipse p. ^c. Baimennan sc.\
4to. In the " Anecdotes of Painting." It is copied from,\
Hollar. — The original picture was done after the!
death of Queen Elizabeth.

Marc Garrard, a native of Brussels, painted history, laadscajie, J
architecture, and portrait; he also illuminated, and designedfli'
glaas-painters. His etchings of Esop's Fables, from which Bar
has frequently borrowed, are executed with great spirit. See tl
idgn of Charlei 1.

SIR NATHANIEL BACON ; se ipse p. Ckt
bers sc. 4to. In the " Anecdotes of Paint'mg."
Sir Nathaniel Bacon ; 8vo. W. Rkkardson.
Sir Nathaniel Bacon. De Bouhnois.
Sir Nathaniel Bacon; with autograph. Thane.

* #

XuhUih^Mtnii i,ijt>3,fy JT^Miardiiin.lipriBiiujeJi SoimJ,.

OF ENGLAND. 331

Sir Nathaniel Bacon, second son of Sir Nicholas Bacon by his
irst lady, painted his own portrait, and a cook-maid with large and
mall fowls, in a masterly manner. Both these pictures are at
jrorhambury, near St. Alban's. He was ancestor to the present
X)rd Townshend,*

THOMAS LANT, gent Mt 32 ; a small aval
kead; before a very scarce and curious set of plates, about
hirty-four in number , exhibiting the funeral procession
f Sir Philip Sidney. It was designed by Lant, and
mgraved by Theodore de Brie.

Thomas Lant; in an ornamented oval, with coat of

irms and crest, 1687. *^ God createth — Man immi-
ateth — Virtue fhurisheth — Death finishethr Copied
^rom the former by Fittler. Richardson, 1803.

The book of Prints to which this head is prefixed contains a con-
liderable number of portraits. Lant was portcnllis pursuivant to
Jueen Elizabeth, and author of a treatise on heraldry. He was
K>me time servant to Sir Philip Sidney.

ENGEAVERS.

THEODORE DE BRIE, engraver. Prefixed to
some of the volumes ofBoissard*s ** Roman Antiquities.''
The print of the son, in Fludd*s " Anatomia Amphi-
theatrum,'' Franc. 1623, folio, has been mistaken for
the father's.

Theodore de Brie, a native of Liege, who lived the greater part
of his time at Frankfort, engraved Sir Philip Sidney's funeral pro-
cession, at London. He also engraved the four first volumes of
Boissard's ** Roman Antiquities," the fifth and last of which was
executed by his sons Theodore and Israel after his death. The
prints for the two following books, by Boissard, were done by
Theodore the father : " Vitce et Icones Sultanorum Turcicorum et

* He boilt a hall, at StifFkey, in Norfolk; and there is a handsome monament to
his memory in the chancel of the chuich.

* #

n^'i.j ivji^^,(^,^^^,aji^ Si-^x-i^^ j-^d,.

OF ENGLAND. 333

IHON WYGHTE, or John Wight; a small wood
print, whole lengthy inscribed J. W. and about the oval,
" Welcome the Wight that bringeth such light.'' His
print is also in Ames's " Typographical Antiquities," '
p. 278. :

I. W. (John Wight) ; oval in a square frame.
W. Richardson.

That author saj^s of him, that he had a shop, at the sign of the
Rose, in St. Paul's Churchyard. The most considerable of the
books printed by him are, the Bible, fbl. 1551, and ^* Don Alexis of
Piemont his Secrets,*' 1580, 4to. This book was well known
throughout Europe.

RICHARD JONES, alias Ihones, or Iohnes ; a
small wood print , like that in Ames's " Typographical
Antiquities'' p. 345 ; round cap, gofwn, S^c.

Richard Jones printed in partnership with Thomas Colwell, in
the year 1570, and afterward with others. He had several shops,
one of which was at the south-west^ door of St. Paul's church. This
quarter of the town was more considerable than any other for
printers and booksellers.

MUSICIANS. ' .

TOMASO TALLIS, with William Bird,

Thomas Tallis, one of the greatest musicians that this or any
other country ever produced, was a gentleman of the chapel royal
in the reign of Edward the Sixth and Queen Mary; and received
for thip service 7 Jrf. per day. Under Queen Elizabeth, he and Bird
were gentlemen of the chapel and organists. The studies of Tallis
seem to have been wholly devoted. to the church; for his name is
not to be found to any of the lighter kinds of music. The most
curious and extraordinary of all Tallis's labours was his Song of
Forty Parts which is still extant. The entire composition con-
sists of one hundred and thirty- eight bars in alia breve time. He
died 1585, aged 85, and was buried in the chancel of the parish

334 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY

church of Greenwich, in Kent, with an inscription. See more of
him in Dr. Bushy's Musical Biography, 8yo.

DAVID RIZZIO ; playing on a lute; from an
original picture painted in 1564, in the possession of
H. C. Jennings, esq. Engraved by C. Wilkin.

David Rizzio was bom at Turin, and brought up in France,
where his father was a dancing-master. David visited Scotland
about 1564 in the suite of the ambassador of Savoy ; and there, by
his vocal powers, attracted the notice of the unfortunate Queen
Mary. Having once obtained a footing at court, Rizzio behaved
in such a manner as to excite the envy and hatred of the courtiers;
but there is every reason to beUeve, that his religion contributed
as much as any thing to exasperate the Scots. In 1566', Lord
Damley and some of his nobles murdered Rizzio in the queen's
presence. As a performer he excelled on the lute ; but it is not
true that he improved the music of Scotland.

CLASS XI.

LADIES.

MARGARET, dutchess of Norfolk, second wife
to Thomas, duke of Norfolk, who was beheaded the
1 5th of Queen Elizabeth, daughter and heir to Thomas,
lord Audley, MtBXis XXII. Painted by Lucas de Heere,
Anno 1562. Engraved by P. W. Tomkins, 1791, from
the original in the possession of Lord Howard, at Audley
Endy 4to. Private plate ; very rare.

Margaret Audley, daughter and sole heir to Thomas, lord Aud-
ley, of Walden, in Essex, and chancellor of England, was twice
married ; her first husband was Lord Henry Dudley (younger son
of John, duke of Northumberland), slain at St. Quintin's, in Picardy,
Aug. 10, 1557, leaving no issue by his lady, who at the time of his
death was scarcely aged seventeen ; her second husband was Tho-
mas Howard, duke of Norfolk, beheaded in 1572. This lady had

OF ENGLAND. 335

e by the duke, three sons ; Thomas Howard, afterward made

of Suffolk; Henry, who died young; and William, of Naworth,

"umberland, ancestor to the Earl of Carlisle ; with two daughters,

;abeth, who died in her infancy, and Margaret, married to

3ert Sackville, earl of Dorset. — At the time her portrait was

ited 1562, the dutchess was but twenty-two years of age, and

not long survive that period. The duke^ her husband, was three

55 married ; his first wife, Mary Fitz Alan, died in 1557, and at

time of his death, he was married to his third wife, Elizabeth,

y Dacre.

FRANCES, dutchess of Suffolk, and Adrian
okes, her second husband. Lucas de Heere p . Verttie
large sh. In the collection of the Honourable Horace
alpole.

Frances, dutchess of Suffolk, as marchioness of
orset. Holbein ; F. Bartolozzif 1795. In the Royal
illection.

Frances, dutchess of Suffolk, was the eldest of the two surviving
ughters of Charles Brandon, by Mary, queen of France, young-
t sister to Henry VIII. Adrian Stokes was master of her horse,
lis match has been very di£Perently spoken of. Some have blamed
B dutchess for so far forgetting her dignity, as to marry her do-
3stic. Others have commended her for so far remembering her
ar relation to the crown, and the jealousy which it might have
cited, as to provide for her own security, and to marry a person
10 could not give the least umbrage to the queen. Oh, 1563.

FRANCISCA SIDNEY, comitissa Sussex, Coll.
dney -Sussex Fund*. 1598. Faber f. A tabula in
'kiibus Coll. Sidney r Sussex Ma^. asservata; large
0. mezz.

Frances Sidney, countess of Sussex ; with a
iew of the College, in Wilsons *' Cambridge/' 1801.
. Harding sc.

France^ countess of Sussex; an etching; Hut-
\insony 1773.

336 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY

Frances, countess of Sassez, was sister to Sir Henry Si(inej,j
lord-deputy of Ireland, and relict of Thomas Ratcliffe, earl
Sussex. She left by will 5000/. besides her goods unbeqaeatfa^l
for the erection of the college in Cambridge called after her Dane.!
Ob. 9. Mar. 158a

ELIZABETH, baroness of Effingham, and after-
ward countess of Nottingham^ wife of Admii
Howard^ and one of the ladies of the queen's hou8e-|
hold. See her portrait in the procession of the quees]
to the house of her brother, the Lord Hunsdon.

Elizabeth Carey, baroness of Effingham.
J. Thane, ere. From the above print.

The following story, which now appears to be sufBcieotly con-
firmed* is related of this lady by several authors.

When the Earl of Essex was in the height of favour with the
queen, she presented him with a ring, telling him at the same time,
*' That whatever he should commit, she would pardon him, if he
returned that pledge." When he lay under sentence of death, this
ring was delivered to the Countess of Nottingham, who undertook
to carry it to the queen ; but at the instance of her husband, the
earl's avowed enemy, she betrayed her trust. This she confessed
to Elizabeth, as she lay on her death-bed. The strong passions of
that princess were instantly agitated ; the high-spirited Essex was
now regarded as a suppliant ; every spark of resentment was ex-
tinguished ; the amiable man, the faithful servant, the injured lover,
and the unhappy victim, now recurred to her thoughts ; threw her
into the most violent agonies of grief, and hastened her death.

LADY HUNSDON, wife of Henry Carey, lord
Hunsdon, and one of the ladies of the queeiis
household. See the procession to Hunsdon-house,
page 180.

Lady Hunsdon; small oval. Thane eax. From the
procession.

♦ See Birch's " Negotiations," p. 206, and "Memoirs," vol. ii. p. 481. 505,506.
See also " Rojal and Noble Authors," Art Essex.

338 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY

twelve hundred pounds to five of the companies, to be lent to y6uiJ^
tradesmen for four years. She gavie to Bristol, her native place, one
thousand pounds, &c. &c. This excellent woman died 1596;
and a monumental inscription to her memory is in Christ Church.

ANNE THROGMORTON, daughter of Sir Ni-
cholas Carew, of Beddington, in Surrey, knight
of the Grarter, sister and heir of Sir Francis Carew,
and wife of Sir Nicholas Throgmorton, Queen Eliza-
beth's famous ambassador, who lies buried in St.
Catharine's Cree church, London ; ^tatis suse 53.
Anno Dfii. 1590. (Thomas Trotter.)

C. BRETTERG; in a large ruff and high-crowned
hat. Before her Life, in the second part of Clark's
" Marrow of Ecclesiastical History J'

Catharine Bretterg, a woman of uncommon beauty and most
exemplary piety, was daughter of Mr. John Bruen^ of Bruea
Stapleford, in Cheshire, and sister to a pious gentleman of the same
name, whose character, which is similar to her own, hath been men-
tioned in the course of this work. She was, in the twentieth year
of her age married to Mr. William Bretterg, of Bretterghold, near
Liverpool, in Lancashire, with whom she lived in the most perfect
harmony for about two years ; when, to the regret of all that knew
her worth, she was snatched out of the world by a fever, on the
31st of May, 1601. She had on her death-bed some misgivings of
mind as to her spiritual state ; but these idle dreams, the effects of
her distemper, pesently vanished; and she died exulting in the
hopes of a happy immortality.

MARGARET BULLEN ; from an original picture
in the collection of Marmaduke Tunstally esq. John
Ogborn sc. ^vo.

Of this lady who was sister to Queen Anne Boleyn, and aunt of
Queen Elizabeth, little of personal history is known, more, than
that she many years survived the melancholy catastrophe of that
unfortunate and unhappy queen, and her equally unfortunate and
unhappy brother, Lord Rochford, who fell a sacrifilce to the jealousy

OF ENGLAND. 389

of that turbulent and tyrannic monarch, Henry the Eighth, on si
bare surmise of a criminal connexion with his ill-fated sister. .

MARGARET MIDDLETON; whole length.
J. B. Barbe; scarce.

Margaret Middleton, martyrdom of. J. Neefs.

Margaret Clithero, whose mmden name was Middleton, of a
good family in Yorkshire, was prosecuted, under that violent per-
secution raised by the Earl of Huntingdon, lord-president of the
North, The crime she. was charged with was relieving and harbour-
ing popish priests. She refused tp plead, that she might not bring
others into danger ; and was accordingly, as the law directs, pressed
to death at York, in March 1586.

A SCOTCH LADY.

MARGARET, countess of Lenox, daughter of
Margaret, queen of Scots, eldest sister to Henry VIIL
by Archibald Douglas, earl of Angus. See her portrait,
with that of Matthew Stuart, her husband, &c. in
Lord Darnley*s cenotaph.

LADY MARGARET DOUGLAS, mother of
King Henry Darnley ; /ram a painting in the possession
of Lord Carter ety at Hawnes. Rivers sc. 8t;o.

This illustrious lady was the daughter of Archibald Douglas,
seventh earl of Angus, hy Margaret, daughter of Henry VII. of
England, and widow of James IV.

Her mother having taken refuge in England, from the tyrannic
sway of John, dukei of Albany, regent of Scotland, was delivered of
this daughter at Harbottel Castle, about the 18th of October, 1515.
In 1544, Lady Margaret wa» married to Matthew Stuart, earl of
Lennox. Their progeny were Henry, lord Damley, afterward tiie
unfortunate husband of Mary, que'len of Scotland ; and Charles, fifth
earl of Lennox, father of Lady Arabella Stuart.

Lady Margaret was thrice imprisoned. — 1. By her uncle Henry
VIII. for a design, to wed Thoma§ Howard, son of the Duke of.

340 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY

Norfolk. 2. By Elizabeth, for permitting her son to espouse Mary.
3. For corresponding with Mary in her captivity. She died in 1578,
and lies buried in Westminster Abbey.

ALICIA STEWART ; from her monument in the
Savoy. Pirrell sc. Svo. In Pinkerton's *' IconograpU
Scotica''

Of this lady, no more is known than what her epitaph bears,
that she was daughter of Simeon Stewart, of Lakenheth, in Suffolk,
and died on the 18th of June, 1573.

This Simeon Stewart seems to have been the second son of Tho-
mas Stewart, of Mildenhall, in Suffolk, a family wliich displayed
twenty quarters in their coat armorial. Stewart of Barton-mills, in
Suffolk, was another branch. This family also extended to Norfolk,
and Cambridgeshire : and seven generations being in Elizabeth's
time reckoned from their first ancestor's leaving Scotland, that event
must have happened in the fourteenth century.!^

An ingenious and respectable antiquarian who has made collec-
tions for Suffolk, says, '* My notes for Lakenheath, only mention an
altar-tomb of grey marble for Simeon Styward,t who died 30th
April, 1568. Arms, — 1st and 4th, a lion rampant, over all, a bend
regulated. Sty ward ; 2d, quart ; 1st and 4th, Sty ward ; 2d and 3d,
(|uart ; 1st and 4th, 3 boars' heads couped ; 2d and 3d, a lion ram-
pant; 3d, Sty ward imp. ahon rampant gardant, crowned. Against
the wall, an inscription for Johanna, daughter and heir of Edward
Pestney, wife of Simeon Sty ward."

CLASS XII.

PERSONS REMARKABLE FROM ONE
CIRCUMSTANCE, &c.

MARGARET VERGH GRYIFITH, aged 60,
1588 ; in Caulfield's " Remarkable Persons."

* VisiUtion of Suffolk, (emp. Eliz. MS. Htrl. 1560. p. 343.
t In this monumeat, and the MS. Stewart, Steward, or Stew-ward, seems the
origioal appellation ; and Senischaleus implies chief herdsman.

OF ENGLAND. 341

This woman was the wife of one David Owyn, of the parish of
Uahan Gaduain, in the county of Montgomery, and seems to have
made money by the exhibition of her personal monstrous appear-
ance. The original print is a wood-cut, prefixed to ''A mjrraculous
and monstrous, but yet most true and certayne, discourse of a
woman (now to be seen in London) of the age of threescore years,
or thereabouts, in the midst of whose forehead, by the wonderfuU
worke of God, there groweth out a crooked home of four jnches
long. ' Imprinted at London by Thomas Orwin, and are to be sold
by Edward White, dwelling at the little north dore of Paul's church^
at the sign of the Gun, 1558.'' ..

OLD SCALEITS, sexton of Peterbro' ; from an
ancient picture in the cathedral. Ob. July 2, 1594. R.S.
jEtatis 98; an etchings whole length, standing y holding
a spade in his right hand, and a large bunch of keys in
his left ; with his arms.

Old Scaleits; copied from the same picture, in
Caulfield's ** Remarkable Persons''

You see Old Scaleits' picture stand on hie.
But at your feate there doth his body lye ;
His gravestone doth his age and death-time shew ;
His office by these tokens you may know ;
Second to none for strength and sturdye limme,
A scare babe mighty voice with visage griin.
He had interred two queens* within this* place,
And this town's householders in his lives space,
Twice over ; but at length his own turn came :
What hee for others did, for him the same
Was done no doubt ; his soule dothe live for aye
In heaven, tho' here his body's clad in clay.

JOHN SLADE and JOHN BODYE ; a wood-cut,
prefixed to an *^ Account of their Execution,'' 1583.

^ Catherine, divorced by Henry VIII., and Mary, queen of Scots, afterward re-
-moved to Windsor.

342 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY

John Slade and John Bodte; copied from the
above; in CatUfield^s " Remarkable Per sons. ^^

Slade and Bodye are joined together, because they were tried and
condemDed for the same cause and at the same time, though they
neither suffered at the same place nor on the same day. John Slade
was born in Dorsetshire, and was sent to the university of Douay.
On his return to England he commenced schqolmaster, John
Bodye was the son of a wealthy merchant in the city of Wells^
Somersetshire : and was sent to New College, Oxford, where he
took the degree of M. A. Ant. Wood says, he was well versed in
the civil law, and esteemed by those of his opinion a learned man.
They were both tried upon the article of supremacy, and con-
demned at Winchester. They were twice, at different times, sen-
tenced to death upon the same indictment. Slade was hanged,
drawn, and quartered, at Winchester, Oct. 30 ; Bodye at Andover,
Nov. 25, 1583. See " Memoirs of Missionary Priests," 2 vol, 1741.

JOHN JARVIS, a dwarf. Walker piruv. Clamp sc.
In CautfteliTs '* Remarkable Persons. ^^

The resemblance of this diminutive person is preserved by his
statue, most inimitably carved in oak, and coloured to resemble the
life. All that is known of his history is, that he was in height but
three feet eight inches ; and was retained by Queen Mary as her
page of honour. He died in the year 1558, aged 57 years ; as ap-
pears by the dates painted on the girdle, at the back of the statue,
in the possession of Geo. Walker, esq. Winchester-row, Lisson-
green, Paddington.

REMARKS ON DRESS, &c.

We are informed by Hentzner,* that the English,^ in the reign of
Elizabeth, cut the hair close on the middle of the head, but suffered
it to grow on either side.

As it is usual in dress, as in other things, to pass from one ex-

♦ See his " Journey to England."

OF ENGLAND. 343

treme to another, the large jutting t:oat became quite out of fashion

in this reign, and a coat was worn resembling a waistcoat. >

The men's ruffs were generally of a moderate size ; the women's
bore a proportion to their farthingales, which were enormous.

We are informed, that some beaux had actually introduced long
swords and high ruffs, which approached the royal standard. This
roused the jealousy of the queen, who appointed officers to breal^
every man's sword above three feet long, and daggers twelve
inches ; an4 to clip all ruffs which were beyond a certain length.*

The breeches, or, to speak more properly, drawers, fell far short
of the knees ; and the defect was supplied with long hose, the topf
of which were fastened under the drawers.

Starching of linen was brought into England, 1564, by Mrs.
Dinghen Vanden Plasse, born in Flanders, who came hither, and
professed herself a starcher; she first taught the art; her price
being five pounds to teach how to starch, and twenty pounds to
teach how to make it, viz. boil it.

William Lee, master of arts of St. Jojin's College, Cambridge^
first invented the art of weaving silk stockings in 1599.

John Tyre, of Shoreditch, was the first Englishman who brought
to perfection the making of tufted taffatis, cloth of tissue, wrought
velvets, branched satins, and other curious silk stuffs.

Pins were first made in England in this reign : before they were
imported from alwroad, to the value of £60,000 a year.

William, earl of Pembroke, was the first who wore knit stockings
in England, which were introduced in this reign. They were pre- In 1564.
sented to him by William Rider, an apprentice near London Bridge,
who happened to see a pair brought from Mantua, at an Italian mer-
chant's in the city, and made a pair exactly like then(i.+

Masks, busks, fans, perukes, were first invented by the courtesans
of Italy, and introduced into England about the time of the mas-
sacre at Paris.

Coaches were first invented in Hungary, and called cotzki : they
were first introduced into England by Fitz Allan, earl of Arundel.

The first English coachmaker is recorded to have been Walter
Ripon, who in 1555 made one for the Blarl of Rutland, and a hol-
low turning coach in the year 1564 for Queen Elizabeth.

Spurs were worn, both on foot and on horseback, so long, that
the speaker directed the memberis of the House of Commons to come
without spurs.

• Townshcnd's «' Journals/' p. f 50. t See Stew's " CkioB." p. 869.

BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY

igsed in 1571, enjoinina; all above the age of six yean,
except ibe nobility aad some others, on eabbath-daya, aaii holy-
days, to wear caps of wool, knit, throwed, and dressed in Eng-
land, upon penalty of ten groats.

John Fox, the martyrologist, who died in 1587, wore a deepsh-
crowned, shallow-brimmed, slouched hat. This is the firstportnit
that appears with a hat ; and men then began to sit uncoverri m
the church.

Edward Vere, the seventeenth carl of Oxford, was the first tkl
introduced embroidered gloves and perfumes into England, whicb
he brought from Italy. He {Keeented the queen with a pairof pet-
fumed gloves, and her portrait was painted with them upon her

At this period was worn a hat of a singular form, which re-
Bcmbted a close-stool pan with a broad brim.1- Philip II. in tiie
former reign, seems to wear one of these utensils upou his head,
with a narrower brim than ordinary; and makes at least as gro-
tesque an appearance, as his countryman Don Quixote wilh the
barber's basin.]

The Reverend Mr. John More, of Norwich, one of the worthiest
clergymen in the reign of Elizabeth, gave the best reason that
could be given, for wearing the longest and largest beard of bdj ■
Englishman of his time; namely, " That no act of his life might be
unworthy of the gravity of his appearance."^ I wish as good t
reason could always have been as)iigned for wearing the longest
hair, and the longest or largest wig.||

It was ordered in the first year of Elizabeth, that no fellow of
Lincoln's Inn " should wear any beard of above a fortnight's
growth ."If

As the queen left no fewer than three thousand different hsbits
Id her wardrobe when she died,** and was possessed of the dresses

■ " Stow's " Annalt" p. 686.

t Thi> indecent idea fbrcibl; obtradei ibelf ; and I am under ■ kind of nueult;
■f Diing Itie compsrinn, ai I knoM nothbg else that in an; degree reieniblM it-
See the bead of the Eul of Moiton. by Houbraken, &c.

t See bit head by Wlerix, ot la Lnckiui'i " Sjlloge Nniniim. elegant AigeDdnE,"
1610; fal.

4 Alebat ille quidem Qon camam, at baibam, at nihil tmta grsvitate in^um
eonmilteret. Holland's " Hemologia," where may be leen hii head.

I See "The Mischief of LoDg H«i," and. Mulliner " Aguoit Periwigs, and P<n-
wig-maken," 1708; 4to.

% Digdale'a " OHghiei JDrididalei." '* Carte, tiA. in. p. 701.

OF ENGJjAND. 34$

3f all countries, it is somewhat strange that there is such a uni-
Tormity of dress in her portraits, and that she should take a pleasure
in being loaded with ornaments.

At this time the stays, or boddice, were worn long-waisted.
Lady Hunsdon, the foremost of the ladies in the procession to
Elunsdon-house, appears with a much longer waist than those that
follow her. She might possibly have been a leader of the fiishion,
as w«ll as of.th&procession»

VOL. I. 2 y

BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORX

APPENDIX

THE REIGN OF ELIZABETH,

FOREIGNERS.

KNIGHTS OF TU£ OAKTEK.

MAXIMIL. II. Raid. Imp. a medaUion; i
Cotaimuaion of GoUzius'a " Series of the Empe,
fU. 1745.

Maxiaulun II. ion of Ferdiund, brother to Chariea V.
gaged in a very tTOublesome war with the Turks, which '
newed in the rdgn of Rodolph his bod. He was a munidcen'
oflearned men; and the greatest master of languages of anj
if not of any man, of his time, being able to apeak no lesstlu
with facility. He was elected King of Poland ; but his dei
vented his taking possession of that kingdom. Ob. 12 Oct

RODOLPHUS II. a large medallion; ubi st

RoDOLPHUs II. when young, m rick at
M. Rota sc.

RoDOLPHUs II. m armour. Sadeler.

RoDOLPHus 11. in armour ; \2mo. A .Wierii

RoDOLPHUs II. eagles in the comers, with s<
croum, <§:<.'. sir Latin verses; oval. C. Pass.

RoDoiiPHUs II. &c. H. van Luyck eav. 6vo.

Rodolph II. SOD of Maximilian II. was unsuccessful in '.
with the Tories, who took from him a considerable part of B

on ^NOJ^ANl), 347

Kodolph was a friend to arts and learning in ^eneiai, particuhrly
to painters and mathematicians. He made a coUection of pictures,
at an immense expense, from sSl parte of Europe ; and- had the
pleasure of sfiteiag the arts. flpHrish under his owp eye^ in Genp^j.
John, Raphael, and Giles Sadeler, who are deservedly reckoned
among the best engravers of their tune^ were patr^ttised by bun.
The most eminent of these brethren was Giles, or ^gidius,* who
was exceeded by none of the workmen of that age, Ob. 1612,
^t. 59.

CHARLES IX* roy de FyancQ ^om^f the set of
the Kir^s af France, by Jaques de Bie ; hn sh.

Charjl^ IX* hat and feather. Thomas de Leufec^

Charles IX. king of Frcmce, was^ a prince equally perfidroos and
crueLf After he had inade peace with the Hugonets, and lulled
them into a profound security, he ordered a general slaughter to bd
made of them at Paris, at the celebration of the King of Navarre's August 24^
marriage. This bloody massacre wffl be a stain in the annals of '
the French nation, to the end of time. The English court went into
mourning upon this melancholy occasion ; and the most undis-
sembled sorrow sat on every counjtenance, when the French am-
bassador, soon after that event, had his audience of die queen.
Ob. 1674.

HENRY III. roy de Fran, et de Pologne ; one
of the set iy J. de Bie ; h. sh.

Henri III. roy de France, &c. very w€o/, in an
6oal border ; small 4to.

Henry III. 8vo. Harrewyn.

Henry III. and Henry IV. 2 ovals, vignet of the
Assassination, Sge. twelve Dutch verses ; rare.

• Mr. Evelyn mistook Giles and JEgidios for two person^. See his '• Sciilplura.''

t Nee tibi diva parens, generis nee Daidtnus i^oQtor,
Perfide ! sed doris genuit te cautibus hcrrens
CaacasuSf HjrcanflBqoe admoribit Ubeiii Hgres*

348 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY

Henry III. De Leu.

Henby Ilhfol. John Wierex.

Henry \\\. from the same picture. J. Wierex.

Henry III. W. Risers.

Henry HI. four French verses. Jacobus Gran-
thomme fecit. 1688. Qvo.

Henry III. king of France, who was suitor to Elizabeth when he
was dulre of Anjou, lost, by bis mal-administr ation, the great repu-
tation he had acquired before he had ascended the throne. After
he had caused the Duke of Guise, and the cardinal his brother, to
be assassinated, and had entered into a confederacy with the Hu-
gonots, he was mortally wounded himself by Jaques Clement, a
Dominieaik friar ; who had the good fortime to die by the swords
of the courtiers, upon the spot where he killed the king. Oh.
1 Aug. 1589.

HENRY IV. roy de France et Navarre ; one of
the set by J. de Bie; h. sh.

Henry IV. &c. one of the set of the Gallery oflUuS'
trious meriy in the Palais Cardinal ^ now called the Palais
Royal; h. sh.

Henry IV. with emblems^ 1585. C. Albert*

Henry IV. F. Pourbus^jun. St. Aubin*

Henry IV. in his robes. Firens.

Henry IV. M. 40; 1692,/o/. Comeilk ; H.Golt^

zius.

Henry IV. in a high-crowned hat ; 8vo. Ditto.

Henry IV. in his robes, foL H. Hondius, 1598.

Henry IV. N. Larmessin.

Henry IV. fol. De Leu.
Several others by the same.

Henry IV. Masson.

OP EKGLAND; . 34d

Henry IV. M. 40. Pass.

Henry IV. with and withotU a hat. Wierex.

Henry IV. crown and sceptre ; 4to. DeJode.

Henry IV. %v(k Harrewyn.

Henry IV. 1596. P. Thomassintcs.

Henry IV. 1696.^* De bon Roy^ bon Heur ;'' Svo.
Pass. In " Nautical Portraits.^'

Henry IV. Sw. Jannet; DeMarcenay.

Henry IV. 1596 ; with Justice and. Prudenci.
De Brie.

Henry IV. on horseback ^ riding over weapons , Sgc.
Gis Vcenias.

Henry IV. and Marie de Medices; Christ
joining their hands. Visscher ex. scarce.

Henry IV. in Lavater^ ^to. P. P. Rubens ; J. HaU,
1780.

Henry IV. in rich armoury oval. J. de Gheyn.

Henry ly. and Marie de Medices ; seated in the
clouds ; the world suspended by a chain, supported by
Lewis XIII. and Anne of Austria ; with Princess
Elizabeth and Princess Christiane; at the top Anagrami
" Prophetic du Roy.'\

Henry IV. on horseback, in armour ; the horse
richly caparisoned ; armies engaging ; four English
verses, " Uie Phomix Monarch all the world admires^^
S^c. R. Elstracke. Sold by Sudbury and Humble ; scarce.

Henry IV. the same; four French verses, '* Toui
ceddeala.^' J. Halbeck.

Henry IV. JEt. 46; 1598; oval, Svo. H.Hondius.

850 BIOaRAPHICAL HISTORY

Henry IV. oval, in the centre of d triumphal altar,
with trophiesy S^c. De Leu ; scarce.

Henby IV. biLst in a niche; 1605. De Leu.

Henry IV. with emblems of his victoria. Briot.

Henry IV. touching for the evil. P. Firens feeiL
scarce.

Henry IV. lying in state, description in French.
Briot sc. sheet ; scarce.

Henry IV, on horseback; two French lines. P. Hoi-
brouek sculp, scarce.

Henry IV. the same by C. Turner ; mezz.

There are several portraits of him in die Luxemburg Gallery.

The capacity of Henry IV. was equally adapted to peace ^ wan.
France^ which had been harassed and torn by eivil wars for near
half a century, had an interval of repose under this great prince;
who, by the assistance of the Duke of Sully, one of the most able^
indnstrioua, and faithful ministers that ever served a king, brought
order into the finances, encouraged agriculture and th^^manual arts,
and laid the foundation of that power and grandeur to which the
French numarchy afterward rose. The Bishop o£ Rodm, in his
'' Life of Henry/' intimaets, that his extravagant passion for the
female sex, was the occasion of his death. He in I61Q, was assas-
sinated by Raviliac, a lay Jesuit.

FREDERICK VI. duke of Wirtembergh; in

" Atrium Heroicum."

Frederick VI. prefixed to the work mentioned below.

Frederic!^ VI. duke of Wirtembergh^ &c. was elected kni^t of
the Garter in this reign. He was invested with the ensigns of the
order by Robert, lord Spencer, of Wormleighton, 1603 ; behaving
been sent into Germany, by King James, for that purpose. His
porti^ait is at Hampton-court; and there is ajtrint of him in a quarto
volume which I have seen, entitled, '^ Equis Auratus Anglo Wirtem-
bergicus." It was written in Latin by Erhardus Cellius, and con-
.tains a particular account of the order of the Garter and the inves-

OP ENGLAND. 361

^^^in^ of &e didte, and ia mterspened with a variely of memoirs
dre to Frederick asd his fanoily* This piince was deservedly
ried '* the Magnanimous." Upon the demise of his unde, Lewis
he recovered the dutchy of Wirtemberg^ and shook off the
dominion of the house of Austria. He was more than once in Eng-
IfKud in quality df ambassador. Ob. ^9 Jan. 1608.

w:

FOREIGNERS, WHO WERE IN ENGLAND.

FRANCOIS, due d'Alen^fon, depuis due d'Anjou;
in armour^ whole length, h. sh.

Fraitcois, due d'Aleni^n ; in '^^ Atrium Hermci»m"

Francis, duke of Anjou« brother to Francis II. Charles IX. and
Henry III. was twenty- five years younger than Elizabeth. He had
made some progress in his suit with that princess before lie came
Into England,* and liad a secret interview with her at Greenwich ;
In which, though his person was not advantageous, lie gained consi-
derably upon her affections. He came into England a second time
the same year, and was graciously received by her. On the anni-*
versary of her coronation, she publicly took a ring from her £nger,
and put it on the duke's. This wise princess was very near being
Hihe dupe of her passions ; but, after a long struggle between her
reason and her love, she reluctantly yielded to the former, and the
match was broken off.t

It liath been observed, that Queen Elizabeth had .much better
have married the tailor who died for love of her than the Duke of
Anjou.t

* When the Esencb commissioners weieieot to make their proposals-ofiBarnnge
between'EEzabeth and this prince, they were attended by a great train of the French
nobility, in all the pomp and glitter of dress. The English vied with ihem up«n this
.OBoa.'MOii^'MAi -the court was never seen so brillhmt. Jnsts and tonmaraents were
.ceh»l»atod^ in xiJuch the : pnme ao&ility where ^chailengers ; and a ntgnifieeiice was
displayed in this romantic solemnity, superior Ao what had beea seen in the time of
Henry VHI.

1 1 never. could believe that ^ueen EUzabeth meant to marry the Duke of
: Aleopon, a mcRn^looldng diseased debauchee. — ^Lord Hailes.

X It must be a matter of concern to a true antiquary, that the name of this iU-
starred wight was never recorded. Osborne mentions his disastrous passion, styling
him " that tailor reported to have whined away himself for the love of Queen Eliza-
beth.'*— Osbecae^aWofks, p. 54, edit. 9;

352 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY

CECILIA, marchioness of Baden, and sister of
Eric, king of Sweden, was here in the reign of Eliza-
beth.* Her print is in Letts *^ Elizabetha,'^ torn. i.
Helena, marquesse of Northampton, to whom Spen-
cer dedicated his ^* Daphnaida," was in her retinue,
as appears from her monument in Salisbury cathedral.

There is a medal of this marchioness.

The Duke of FERIA ; an etching ; collar of the
Golden Fleece; cloak ; halfkn. 12mo.

Don Gomez Suarez, de Figueros y Cordova, came into England
with King Philip, and was afterward created duke of Feria in
Spain. He married Jane, daughter of Sir William Dormer, knight
of the Bath, maid of honour to Queen Mary, and sister g£ the first
baron Dormer, of Wenge, in the county of Bucks. He was em-
ployed in several embassies from Philip to Elizabeth, in the begin-
ning of her reign ; and was much incensed against her for not suf-
fering his wife's g^ndmother, and other Catholics, to reside in the
Low Countries, and preserve their estates and effects in England.

In Leti's " Elizabethan'' torn. i. is a print of Don
DIEGO GUZMAN DE SILVA, ambassador from
Philip 11. in 1564.

There is also a print of POMPONE DE BEL-
LIE VRE, chancellor of France; it is a large quarto
engraved by Boissevin.

He was sent into England in the quality of ambassador by Henry
IV. as was also the Marquis of Rosni, mentioned in the next reign.

HARRALD HUITFELD. Sysang sc. octavo size.
In Hofmans '' Portraits Historiqties des Hommes
illmtres de Dannemarcke^'' part i.

Harrald Huitfeld ; in the set of Ambassadors^
folio. N. v.. Hulle.

. • See Stow, Holinshed, and Camden, under the yvar 1565,

OF JINGLAND. 363

- Rarrald Huitfeld, lord of Odisberg, chancellor and senator of the
kingdom of Denmark, was advanced to the important office of prin-
cipal secretary of state when he was but twenty-six years of age.
Iq 1597, he, together with Christian Bernekau, was sent ambas-
sador to the English court. He was charged to propose a renewal
of the former treaties between the two crowns ; to complain of the
depredations of the English privateers upon the Danish merchaptSi
and to offer his master's mediation in negotiating a peace between
England and Spain. The queen readily consented to a renewal of
lie treaties, and promised to make restitution for the damages done
>y the privateers, and to put a stop to their hostilities, provided that
he subjects of the King of Denmark would no longer supply her
snemies with warlike stores. Her majesty waved the overture of
nediating a peace between England and Spain ; alleging, that if
lie Spanish monarch were desirous of putting an end to the war,
le should propose it himself. Chancellor Huitfeld stands high on
lie list of historians. His ** Histories of Denmark and Norway"
ure his capital works. The best edition of the former is in two
volumes folio. He died the 16th of December 1608, aged fifty-nine
^ears.

CHARLES GONTAUT,ducdeBiron. P.JOare^
Tn " Illust. Franc:' 1652.

Charles Gontaut, &c. J. deLeUf
Charles Gontaut. Tardieu.

Charles Gontaut de Biron, son of Marshal Armand de BIron, wai^
\t the age of fifteen so excellent an officer, that he was chosen by
the consent of the army to supply the place of his father as general,
nrho was prevented by his wounds. In 1601 he was sent ambas*
sador to Queen Elizabeth ; and was so imprudent as not only to
mention the Earl of Essex, whom she had lately .beheaded, but to
lament the fate of that nobleman. He intrigued with Spain and
Savoy against Henry IV. ; but when brought to the scaffold, he
who had so often looked upon death with intrepidity in the field,
beheld it upon the scaffold with the utmost fear; and the execur
doner was obliged to do his office as Jby stealth, in 1 602. See
Sully's Memoirs, &c.

CHRISTIAN FRIIS, Chancellier. T. van Bleys-

VOL. !• 2 Z

354 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY

'wykdel. Sg f. a small head; in Hofmans ** Portraits
HistoriqtieSj^ &;c.

Chrtstiani Frisit, with emblematical figures, arms
suspended. S. P. (Simon Pass) fee. scarce.

Christian Friisy lord of Borreby was sent ambassador into Eng*
land by Frederic H. king of Denmark, in the reign of Eiizs^th;:
and by Christian IV. in the next reign. He was eminent es a
scholar, and distingubhed himself in the higher provinces of busi-
ness. Christian, after his worth had been sufficientiy tried, raised
him to the great office Of chancellor. He died the 29th of Juoe,
1616.

WILLIAM DU BARTAS; cia in wood; be/m
Sylvester's translation of his works ; ovaL

William du Bartas, an eminent French poet and a gallant sol-
dier, was agent for the King of Navarre, afterward Henry IV. at
the courts of England and Scotland. He was sent as agent into
the latter kingdom, with a view of bringing about a match between
Henry's sister and James VI.* James did his utmost to prevail
with him to enter into his service, but he was too strongly attached
to Henry. He has been ranked, by some, with the modem heroic
poets of the 6rst form ; a distinction to which he is by no means
entitled.f Though Sylvester got more reputation by translating the
** Weeks and Works of Du Bartas" than by all his own compo-
sitions, he has been justiy accused of debasing the original with
false wit. One of the most considerable of Du Bartas's works is
his poem on the memorable battle of Ivry, won by the king his
master in 1590.

PIERRE de BOURDEILLE, Seigneur de Bran-
t6me. J. V. Schley sc. 1740, 12ma. In the I5th tome
of his works.

Peter Bourdeille, abb6 of Brant6me, by which name he is gene-
rally distinguished, was, in the former part of his life, a man of un-
common curiosity and spirit, which carried him not only through
most parts of Europe, but into Africa and Greece. He enjoyed

♦ Thuanus. t See Davenant's preface to *' Gondibert."

OF ENGLAND^ 355

the couiHenance and favour of several royal and noble personagea^
and was an acute and nice observer of men and manners ; but
was particularly inquisitive into the character and conduct of the
female sex* He is best kno\^ to the world as the biographer of
gallant and illustrious xoomen, and. has given us memoirs of some
great ladies whom he personallj Jknew^ find drawn their principal
and most characteristic features from the life. For this he was
particularly qualified in the instance of his unhappy mistress, Mary»
queen of Scots, whom he saw in the morning of her beauty, and
admired in the meridian of her splendour; nor was he a stranger to
that thick and settled cloud of misfortune, guilt,* and misery, that
almost totally eclipsed the remainder of her life. He, together with
several of tiie French nobility, accompanied Mary to Scotland, and
returning to France through England, was, by his curiosity, de-
tained some time in London. He died in the year 1614, JEt. 87.
Hie reader who is inclined to know more of his personal history is
referred to the account of him prefixed to the 15th tome of his
works, or to his article in Moreri's " Dictionary ."f In Jebb's' 2d
folio '^ De Vita et Rebus gestis Mariee Scotorum Reginee," occurs
all that Brant6roe has written of this princess. '* Mary Stuart, queen
of Scots, being the secret History of her Life, &c. translated from
the French ;" 8vo. 2d edit. 1726, is, as I am informed, from the ori-
ginal of the same author.

CAROLUS UTENHOVIUS. a de Pass.
Carolus Utenhovius; in Boissard^ par. in.

Carolus Utenhovius; in Freherus^ p. 1491..

No. 76.

Charles Utenhovius, of Ghent, was distinguished by his writings
in verse and prose. He was a friend and correspondent of Tume-
bus, and was of a similar genius with that great man. He seems

* The word guilt is misapplied. He was the firm champion of the honour of
i^oeen Mary ; thai honour which has now become so tremendoosly sacred, that he
who once Tentores to suspect it, or even her prudence, will have an octavo volume
thrown at his head. It is to be hoped, that no more apologies for her will be offered
to the public ; the measure of her defence is filled up anchruns over; it is supposed
that the last Apology in three volumes was never perused but by three persons, the
compositor, the corrector at fbe press, and the author. — Lord Hailbs.

f See BouRDsilLE.

356 BIOGRAPHICAL HldTORY

to have travelled into England from a motive of curiosity. It if
certain, that Queen Elizabeth, who was well acquainted with, and
knew how to value, his talents, found emplo3anent^ for his pen, and
rewarded him with unusual liberality. His. works consist chiefly <^
poems, in Greek and Latin^ on a variety of subjects. He died
at Cologne, in the year 1600. See more of hun in the ^^ Diction*
naire de Moreri."

FRANCISCUS GOMARUS, Theologise Prima-
rius Professor ; in Meursius^s " Atherus Batava, sivt
de Urbe Leidensi et Academia^ Virisque Claris^'' Sec,
1625, 4to. Most of the heads in this volume have been
copied in the " Continuation of Boissard.'^

Franciscus Gomarus, JEt.4:5, 1608. CDanckers.

FRA^XIscu$ GoMARUs ; in Freherus.

Francis Gomarus, an eminent divine and orientalist, was bom at
Bruges in 1563, and educated at Strasburg, under the celebrated-
John Sturmius. In 1582 he came over to England, and heard the
theological lectures of Dr. Reynolds at Oxford, and Dr. Whitaker
at Cambridge. He was professor of divinity at Leyden, read pub-
licly in that science in Middleburg, had the divinity chair at Sau-
raur, and, lastly, was professor of divinity and Hebrew at Groningen,
where he died, on Uie 11th of January, 1641. He was a great
antagonist of Arminius, with whom he disputed before the States
of Holland. He gained great reputation by revising the Dutch
translation of the Bible. His works were printed at Amsterdam,
in folio, 1645.

LUCAS TRELCATIUS, Pater, &c- 4to. inMeur-
sius's ^* Athen. Bat.''

Lucas Trelcatius ;/owr Latin lines. H. (ondius.)
Lucas Trelcatius; in Freherus, p. 821, No. 16.

Lucas Trelcatius, the elder, was a divine of eminent learning and
piety, who, in the early part of his life, suffered greatly by re-
nouncing the Romish religion, in which he had been educated.
Threatened and terrified by the civil war which raged in Flanders,

OP ENGLAND. Z&f

I

fae sheltered himself in England, where he taught school with great
reputation for eight years. He was afterward minister of the
French church at Leyden, and professor of divinity in that uni«
versity- He died in 1602, aged sixty. His son Lucas, who was
bom in England, and was also a divine of eminence^ succeeded him
in the professorship, and died at Leyden 1607, in the thirty-fourtb
year of his age. His print is also in ** Athen, Bat J'

PETRUS BERTIUS, CoUegii Ulust. Ordinum
Regens (in Academia Leidensi), 4to. in '^ Athen.
Bat:'

Petrus Bertius ; in Freheries.

Peter Bertius, a very learned and eminent divine, was bom in
Flanders, and brought into England, when he was but three
months old, by his parents, who dreaded the persecution which
then prevailed in the Low Countries. He received the rudiments
of his exceUent education in the suburbs of London, under Chris-
tian Rychius, and Petronia Lansbeirg his learned daughter-in-law*
He afterward studied at Leyden, with unwearied diligence and a
suitable proficiency ; and was, for his distinguished merit, appointed
regent of the college of the States. He was author of several
theological treatises, and of a volume or two of poems and orations*
He published " Gorleeus's Cabinet of Medals ;" to which werQ
added plates of Roman coins, not to be found in Fulvius Ursinus.

JOHANNES DRUSIUS, Linguae Sanctae Pro-
fessor (in Academia Leidensi), 4 to. in ^* Athen. Bat:*

Johannes Drusius ; in Freherus.

John DrusiuS) commonly called Vander Driesche, whose parents
were also driven into England by the persecution in the Low Coun*
tries, was, for his knowledge in Greek and the oriental languages^
equal, at least, to any divine of his age. He was a member of
Merton College, in Oxford, and was admitted to the degree of
bachelor of arts, having continued four years in that houses and
read Hebrew, Chaldee, or Syriac lectures. He was mig:hty in the
Scriptures, as appears by his Commentaries, a great part of which
are in the ** Criiici Sacri.** I have placed him here among the divines
celebrated by Meursius, aS; in 1576, he was chosen Hebrew pro*

J

a^. BIOORAfBICAL HISTORY

faiiOK «t Jbtydfliii and wiii. afterward -deeted -pofisisor at Frar'
oeker^ where he oootiniied many yean, ai^d die^ the 12th of
F^broaiy, 161{ft-16, ia the lixty-aizthjear of hn age.

, PETRUS MOUNEUS, Philosophise Naturalis
Pkofessor (in Academia Leidensi), Ato. in '' Athen.
Bat.''

i P£tEUjs MoxjtNCus. JL Bcmmn.

' P£TEU9 MOLINEDS, JEt. 74. DoMtUS. .

Peteus Molineus ; two Latin lines. DeLcu.
Peteus Molineus. Suuderhoof.

» ■ • . . . . ^

Peteus Molineus, JEt. 74 ; two Latinlinci.

Peteus Molineus ; in J^herus.

•. ■ . . • ...

.- Peter du Moulin fled from thepereeen^nof thePfotestantsiit
Firance, to pome hU ttndieB in Kngland, whefe ]ie cnhivatadaa^
acquaintaiKe with the famooa Reynolds and Whitaker, men of a
tinUlar diaracter with his own, as he was mnch more a diTine than
a naturalist. He died at Sedan, in 1658, in the ninetieth year of
hb age. One of his theological works is, *' Dtfetuio Fidei Cutholkas
pro 9trtniumo MajorU Britafmut Rege Jacobo.*'

' DOMINICUS BAUDIUS, J. C. et Historiarum
Professor; in ** Athen. Bat'' Ato.

DoMiNicus Baudius; in Crasso *^ Ehg. Hum.
Literat''

Dominicus Baudius, professor of histoiy in the universi^ of
Leyden, was a man of general learning ; but he particiilarly show
in polite literature. He h^d a happy vein of poetry ; was mastier
of a good Latin style» which, though not of the purest kind, was, is
eliiegance at least, superior to that of most of the modems. He
was some time ooie of the advocates at the Hague, and afterwanl
admitted an advocate in the parKament of Paris. ^He was twice in
England in this reign, where grei^ respect was paid him by several
persons of learning and politeness, especially by Sit Phifip Sidney.
Qis esiceUence, as a man (^wit and a adbobtr, mAj be seen in liia

OP ENGLAND^ 369

^Letters'' and his '^Amours/'* which strongly mark hiB charact^ry
ind his weakness in regard to wine and women. This sometimes
wrought him into ridiculous distresses, and exposed him to the con-
empt of such as were every way his inferiors but in point of pru-
lence. He died the 22d of August, 1613.

PAULUS MERULA, J. C. et Historiarum Pro-
Fessor ; 4to. in ** Athen. Bat.''

Paulus Merula, JEt. 44. 1602. Matham,

Paulus Merula; in Freherus.

Paul Meriila, an eminent Dutch lawyer, was successor to the-
celebrated Justus LipsiuB in the professorship of history at Leyden.
[t is a su£Eicient encomium on him, to say that he was deemed wor«
thy to succeed so great a man. Meursius, who informs us that he
was in England, has given a list of his works, which are chiefly on
liistorical subjects. 06. 1607, J5?^ 49.

JANUS DOUSA, Academiae Curator, &c. Ato.
in " Athen BatP

Janus Dousa. Ytsscher^ 1649.

Janus Dousa ; in Crasso ** Elog. Huom. Literati
Several others.

Janus Dousa the elder was the first curator of the university of
Leyden, which he bravely defended against the Spaniards as a
governor, and ably pre^ded over as a scholar. He was author of
various Latin poems, and of the ^' Annals of Holland*' in verse and
prose, and wrote notes upon several classic authors, as did also his
son Janus, though he died at the age of twenty-six years. He had
three other sons who distinguished themselves as men of letters*
The father died of the plague in 1604. He is placed here as having
travelled into England.

DANIEL HEINSIUS, Biblioihecarius et Politices

* Entitled " Dominicii Baudii AmoreSf* edente Petto Scriverio, Lug» Bat, 1638.
Before the first page h uneat print of the anttior.

3eO BIOORAPHICllL HtSTORT

Professor (m Academia Leidensi)^ Ato. m *^AM I J
Bat'* ^^ Ctuantum est quod nescimuSy at the tap if At p;
aval.

Daniel Heinsius; inBuUarf$*^ Acad.desSk$m^
Node Larmessin sc.

Daniel Heinsius ; tit Freherusjp. ^538^ No. 81.

Daniel Heinsivs; dght Latin tjmes bgfW. Gro6m.,
Jferak pinsit. J. Suyderhoof sc.

Danid Heiniaofy to whom '^ QiMMhMi ef^ qmd scmmjTmKjwan
iptlybe apiriiedywas one of the most lewnedfilid ingenioiiivai
of hit age and country. He was author of poems in Gn^ litis,
and Dutch, and wrote Latm notes and interpretaftidn* on sefttd
capital Greek authors. He was very young when he otee ialo
Eng^andin the reign of Elizabeth. His son Nicholas was abon
ingenious poet and pUIologer.

FRANCISCUS RAPHELENGIUS, ftc; w
" Athen. Bat." 4to.

Franciscus Rapjielengius; in Freherus.

Francis Raphelengius, a Fleming, celebrated for his skill m the
oriental languages, studied at Paris, whence he was driven by the
civil wars into England, where he taught Greek in the university of
Cambridge. He was for a considerable time corrector of the press
to the famous Christopher Planting* whose daughter he married.
He had a great hand in the famous Antwerp Bible, published in
the original Hebrew by Benedictus Arius Montanus^ with an inter-
lineary version. He made a great proficiency in the Arabic, and
composed a Dictionary in that language* In the latter part of bis
life, he resided at Leyden, where the Hebrew professorship was con-
ferred upon him by the curators of that university. The many notes
and corrections which he furnished for the learned works printed
by Plantin, to which he was too modest to affix his name, were saf-
ficient to have transmitted it with honour to posterity. He died the
SOthof July, 1597.

* He printed both at Antwerp and Lejd^.

OF ENGLAND. 361

JANUS* GRUTERUS, &c. Ob. 20 Septembris,
1627 ; four Latin verses ; h. sh.

Janus Gruterus ; in Freherus.

Janns Gruterus, a native of Antwerp, and one of the most labo-
rious and voluminous writers of his time, was, when a child, brought
mto England by his parents. His mother, who is said to have been
an English woman, and whose name was Catharine Tishem, was
his first tutor ; being perfectly qualified for that employment, as
she was one of the most learned women of the age. She is said
to have superintended his education, for several years, at Cam-
bridge. He afterward studied at Leyden, where he took his doc-
tor's degree in the civil law, but soon quitted that study, and ad-
dicted himself to philology and history. He wrote notes upon the
Roman historians and several of the poets ; published all the works
of Cicero with notes, a book once in great esteem, but it hath since
given place to the edition of Greevius, as that hath to Ohvet's. His
** Florikgium magnnnij seu Folt/antheaf* is a voluminous common-
place book, formerly valued as a treasure. His " Chronkon Chro*
nicorunC* is a proof of his industry iu history ; but the chief of all
his performances is his ** Collection of ancient Inscriptions," a work
not only estimable for the historical knowledge contained in it, but
because it throws the clearest light upon a multitude of obscure pas-
sages in classic authors. It would, be superfluous to mention his
**'Jjampas Crkica"-\ supposed to be hurled at Dr. Norris's head by
John Dennis, in his frenzy, as the admirable piece of humour in
which it is related is probably known to every one of my readers.
O^. 24 Sept. 1627.

ABRAHAM ORTELIUSi thus inscribed :

'^ Spectandum dedit Ortelius mortalibus orbenl,
Orbi spectandum GalleusJ Ortelium."

Frontispiece to his *' Theatrum Or bis,'' 1603; /o/.

* Janus means John. See Joan6» in the tract of natne^, in Camden's '* Remains.''
t It is entitled, " Lampas» sive Fax Artiam liberalium/' &c.
t Galle, the engraver of this head, did a plate for Ortelius of the death of the
Virgin; ^ich is esteemed, by the curious, one of the most elegant produOti^ns of
that age. The print, which is very scarce, is inscribed ; " Sic Petri Bragelii arche-
typum Galleus imltabatur. — ^Abrab. Orteliss sibi et araicis, fieri curabat" Sh.
VOL. I. 3 a

Mil BIOORAPKICAL. BISTORT •

to vAM i$ pr^xed hit Ufe. Then u a cofg tf UA
head in the ^' Continuation ofBrieeard/*

Abeaham Ortslius > ni a small round. CrotoAu.

ABftAHAM OfiTSuus. PernotuB.

. Abraham Ortelius; at the hack jtf 'Noriadi
Dedication to Xing Jamu; email owtl.

Abndiim OrteEiis^ fhe odej^^
•It'Ozfiird mdieieignofEdwudTlaiidcaliieate^^
fini^aiid in 1577. H»*«Tlie«biimCMii^w«sflieiti(^^
.cT die kind duitluid erer beoi pabliilied, and g^nk^V"^ ^.^^
tataoneqaal toliis immenie lalxmr in compiing k. The i^jodfl w
not pplji; obliged to Inm for tliig yeef eetimabfe book, bat alio Ifi
the *^ Britannia^"' ifUdi be first persiladed Ckondte to jadi&At
ttb. 1698.

MATTHIAS de LOBBL, &c. pOttnam sir. W15;
scarce.

.' Mattbiat Lobd, a Flemisb pbyaictanr wa» one of tbe greafteit
botanists of his time. He spent the latter part of hia life in Ei^fiand,
^faere he published his '* Stir{^am Adyersaria," 1670^ foh in whki
work he was assisted by Peter Pena. . In 1576, he repnblidied the
sane book^ with considerable additions. He was alsaantfaorift
Herbal in the Dutch language^ and was engaged in anoth^ great
work, which he did not tive to finish. Qerarde, wha was iiiibaiti-
mate friend, has followed the method of the ''AdTeraanSy^iaJv
Herbal. The name of Lobel is familiar to all botanists, and affiled
to the names of many plants, as characteristicat o£ tbeur iqiedes.
The time of his death is not known. He calls himself an old man,
in his Latin epistle addressed to Gerarde, 1597, and prefixed to his

Herbal.

»

CAROLUS CLUSIUS, Clariss. Botanicus Pro-
fessor honor. 4fo. in *' At hen Bat.'' There is a mi
print of him in Boissard.

Caroxus Clusxus^ j3Et. 75. 1600^ DeGhein.

Garolus Clusius. Goltzim.

OF ENGLAND. 363

Charles Clusias, a native of Arras, who ranks in the first class
of botanists, pursued his favourite study with all that ardour which
is necessary to a conqueror of the vegetable kingdom ; and without
a degree of which, no man ever rose to eminence in any art, science,
or profession.* He, with a principal view to botany, travelled over
France, Spain, Portugal, Germany, Hungary, England, and Hol-
Iand,t where he at length settled, in consequence of an honourable
invitation from the curators of the university of Leyden. He died
in 1609, aged eighty-four years. Tournefort, who has given the
best account of him, informs us, that he was chief gardener to the
emperors Maximilian II. and Rodolph his son, and that he excelled
all his predecessors in botany, and was also well versed in history
and cosmography, and master of eight languages. He occasionally
delineated the figures of plants with great readiness. His botanic
works are in two volumes ; the first contains 1 133 figures of plants,
the second consists chiefly of fruits and animals.

ORLANDUS LASSUS, &c. in Boissard, small Ato.

Orlandus Lassus ; in Hawkinses ** History of
3fusic.'' J. Caldwall sc.

Orlandus Lassus, JEt. 61, 1593. J. Sadeler.

Orlandus Lassus, JEf. 39 ; 4to. PhiL J. R. ere.

Orlandus Lassus, who, when a boy, was several times spirited
away from his parents for the excellence of his voice, was chief
musician to Albert and William, successively dukes of Bavaria. He
was, for his great musical talents, ennobled by the Emperor Maxi-
milian II. who equally admired his singing and his compositions,
in both of which he was without a rival. He travelled into France

* It was this passion that caused Touraefort to brave the dangers of the " great
deep/' to scale moantains, penetrate caverns, and traverse desert84 It carried our
oountryman Ray through most parts of Europe ; improved his health, cheered and
prolonged his life» and amply rewarded him for his labours, by the mere pleasure of
the pursuit. It made lister incomparably more happy under a hedge in Languedoc,
than when he saw the romantic beauties of Versailles, though recommended by all
the charms of novelty.$

t Isagpge in Rem herbariam, p. 41.

t Sec his " Tmveh/' J •• ^arM j to Paris," p. 3.

364 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY, Ac.

and England,* and died at Monaco, in Italy, in 1585, at die age cf
75. If he had travelled over every nation in Europe, he woold pio*
bably have found, that both his sacred and profane pieces were per-
formed in all its lan^ages.

* He was invited to reside in France by Charles the Ninth ; bat that king djiag
while Lassus was on his joomey, he returned into Ba^aiui.

END OF VOL. I.

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